두경부암 환자의 양성자 치료 시 사용하는 자체 제작한 BoS Frame 고정장치의 선량학적 유용성 평가

김광석,조광현,최병기,Kim, kwang suk,Jo, kwang hyun,Choi, byeon ki 대한방사선치료학회 2016 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose : BoS(Base of Skull) Frame, the fixation tool which is used for the proton of brain cancer increases the lateral penumbra by increasing the airgap (the distance between patient and beam jet), due to the collision of the beam of the posterior oblique direction. Thus, we manufactured the fixation tool per se for improving the limits of BoS frame, and we'd like to evaluate the utility of the manufactured fixation tool throughout this study. Materials and Methods : We've selected the 3 patients of brain cancer who have received the proton therapy from our hospital, and also selected the 6 beam angles; for this, we've selected the beam angle of the posterior oblique direction. We' ve measured the planned BoS frame and the distance of Snout for each beam which are planned for the treatment of the patient using the BoS frame. After this, we've proceeded with the set-up that is above the location which was recommended by the manufacturer of the BoS frame, at the same beam angle of the same patient, by using our in-house Bos frame fixation tool. The set-up was above 21 cm toward the superior direction, compared to the situation when the BoS frame was only used with the basic couch. After that, we've stacked the snout to the BoS frame as much as possible, and measured the distance of snout. We've also measured the airgap, based on the gap of that snout distance; and we've proceeded the normalization based on each dose (100% of each dose), after that, we've conducted the comparative analysis of lateral penumbra. Moreover, we've established the treatment plan according to the changed airgap which has been transformed to the Raystation 5.0 proton therapy planning system, and we've conducted the comparative analysis of DVH(Dose Volume Histogram). Results : When comparing the result before using the in-house Bos frame fixation tool which was manufactured for each beam angle with the result after using the fixation tool, we could figure out that airgap than when not used in accordance with the use of the in-house Bos frame fixation tool was reduced by 5.4 cm ~ 15.4 cm, respectively angle. The reduced snout distance means the airgap. Lateral Penumbra could reduce left, right, 0.1 cm ~ 0.4 cm by an angle in accordance with decreasing the airgap while using each beam angle in-house Bos frame fixation tool. Due to the reduced lateral penumbra, Lt.eyeball, Lt.lens, Lt. hippocampus, Lt. cochlea, Rt. eyeball, Rt. lens, Rt. cochlea, Rt. hippocampus, stem that can be seen that the dose is decreased by 0 CGE ~ 4.4 CGE. Conclusion : It was possible to reduced the airgap by using our in-house Bos frame fixation tool for the proton therapy; as a result, it was possible to figure out that the lateral penumbra reduced. Moreover, it was also possible to check through the comparative analysis of the treatment plan that when we reduce the lateral penumbra, the reduction of the unnecessary irradiation for the normal tissues. Therefore, Using the posterior oblique the Brain cancer proton therapy should be preceded by decreasing the airgap, by using our in-house Bos frame fixation tool; also, the continuous efforts for reducing the airgap as much as possible for the proton therapy of other area will be necessary as well. 목 적 : 두경부암의 양성자 치료 시 BoS frame ($Q-fix^{TM}$)을 사용하면 후사방향의 빔 조사 시 couch 와 snout 사이 충돌을 피하면서 Airgap 을 최소화할 수 있다. 이는 couch 에서 BoS frame 을 얼마나 많이 extended 시켰는지가 각 치료 빔 방향의 Airgap (환자와 빔 사출구 거리)을 결정하기 때문이다. 이에 본원에서는 BoS frame의 제한점을 개선하기 위하여 고정장치를 자체 제작하였고, 제작한 고정장치의 유용성을 본 연구를 통해 선량학적으로 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 양성자치료를 받은 Brain Cancer환자 3명의 빔 각도 중 후사방향의 빔 6개를 선택하였다. 현재 치료계획 되어 있는 환자를 기존 방식대로 BoS frame만 사용했을 때 각 환자마다 왼쪽후사방향, 오른쪽 후사방향의 빔에서 충돌을 피할 수 있는 snout 위치를 측정하고 이 위치에 따른 Airgap과 Lateral penumbra 영역을 계산하고 DVH값을 분석하였다. 같은 환자의 동일한 빔에서 자체 제작한 BoS frame 고정장치를 사용하여 제조회사에서 권고한 set-up 사항보다 BoS frame을 21 cm superior방향으로 set-up을 진행하였고, 그 후 충돌을 피할 수 있는 snout위치를 측정하고 이 위치에서 Airgap과 Lateral penumbra영역을 계산하고 DVH값을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 자체 제작 BoS frame 고정장치를 사용함에 따라 사용하지 않았을 때 보다 snout 위치 즉 Airgap을 각각 각도별로 5.4 cm ~ 15.4 cm 줄일 수 있었다. Lateral penumbra는 BoS frame 고정장치를 사용하면서 Airgap을 감소시킴에 따라 각도별로 선량분포곡선에서 왼쪽, 오른쪽 부분을 0.1 cm ~ 0.4 cm 감소시킬 수 있었다. 자체 제작한 BoS frame 고정장치 사용함으로써 감소한 Lateral penumbra에 의해 정상조직에 들어가는 선량을 비교해보면 Lt.eyeball, Lt.lens, Lt.hippocampus, Lt.cochlea, Rt.eyeball, Rt.lens, Rt.cochlea, Rt. hippocampus, stem에 들어가는 선량이 0 CGE ~ 4.4 CGE 감소한 것을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : 두경부암의 양성자 치료 시 자체제작 BoS frame 고정장치를 사용함에 따라 사용하지 않았을 때보다 후사방향의 빔에서 snout 위치를 감소시킬 수 있었고, Airgap을 줄여 결과적으로 Lateral penumbra를 감소시켜 정상조직에 불필요한 선량을 최소화 할 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구를 통해 자체제작 BoS frame 고정장치의 유용성을 선량학적으로 평가한 결과, 후사방향의 빔을 사용하는 두경부암 환자의 양성자 치료 시 유용하게 사용 될 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로 두경부암 뿐만 아니라 다른 부위 양성자 치료에서도 Airgap을 최소한 할 수 있는 방법을 고안하여 Lateral penumbra를 줄일 수 있는 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이라고 사료된다.

장기적(長期的) 산업성장(産業成長) 및 구조변화요인(構造變化要因)의 분석(分析) (1955~85)

김광석,홍성덕,Kim, Kwang-suk,Hong, Sung-duk 한국개발연구원 1990 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.12 No.1

60년대 전반 이후의 수출주도형(輸出主導型) 공업화(工業化)을 통한 고도성장(高度成長)은 국내산업(國內産業) 또는 업종간(業種間) 성장율(成長率)의 차이로 인해서 상당한 산업구조변화(産業構造變化)를 수반했다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 산업연관표체계(産業聯關表體系)를 사용하여 우리나라의 장기적(長期的)인 산업성장(産業成長) 및 구조변화(構造變化)의 요인(要因)을 분석해 보고자 한다. 즉 과거(過去)의 장기적(長期的)인 성장과정(成長過程)에서 국내수요(國內需要), 수출(輸出), 수입대체(輸入代替)와 기술변화(技術變化)는 산업별 생산성장(生産成長)에 각각 얼마만큼 기여(寄與)했나 하는 것을 측정해 보고자 한다. 이러한 측정은 총량적(總量的) 경제수준(經濟水準)뿐만 아니라 세부산업별(細部産業別)로도 이루어질 수 있기 때문에 한국경제(韓國經濟) 전반(全般) 및 공업부문(工業部門)의 세부적(細部的) 변화과정(變化過程)에 관한 풍부한 분석자료(分析資料)를 제공할 것으로 기대한다. Korean input-output tables for 1975 and 1985 are first deflated into 1975 constant domestic prices(hypothetical terms), and the constant price I-O data are used to decompose the sources of industrial growth and structural change during the 1975-85 period. Using the same methodology, our results for the 1975-85 period are then linked to the results for the earlier period(1955-75) in order to analyze and evaluate the "demand-side" sources of industrialization over the past three decades. The results from the decomposition of the whole economy indicate that over three decades(1955-85) the relative contribution of domestic demand expansion (DDE) to growth and structural change has continuously declined while the contribution of export expansion(EE) has generally continued to rise. The contribution of import-substitution(IS) which had been significantly higher than that of EE during 1955-63 declined substantially, remaining at an insignificantly low level during the period following 1963. Although it is well known that the government's industrial policy in the 1970s emphasized import-substitution in heavy and chemical industries, no significant changes in the export-oriented growth pattern could be observed even for that period, except for a minor decline in the relative contribution of EE. This may be attributed to the substantially larger, backward-linkage effects of EE than that of IS. The sources-of-growth decompositions for major branches of the manufacturing sector generally support the major conclusions derived from the decomposition for the whole economy. The IS contribution which had been significantly high in almost all manufacturing branches during the 1955-63 period declined to low levels in all but two branches, heavy industry and machinery, during the following period. On the other hand, the relative contribution of EE showed a continuous rise in almost all manufacturing branches(except food processing). Finally, the sources of growth for 1975-85 which were decomposed by detailed sub branches, are analyzed by correlating them with changes in relative prices and industrial protection rates by sub-branches for the same period. A major result is that contrary to general expectations, the EE contributions by sub-branch are not negatively correlated with the nominal rates of protection and/or the effective rates of protection for the same sub-branches. It is also found that no statistically significant, positive correlation exists between IS contributions and nominal protection rates or effective protection rates. These unexpected results may be explained by the peculiar nature of the Korean system of industrial incentives for the past period.

리포트-광해방지사업단 충청지역본부 설립

김광석,Kim, Gwang-Seok 환경보전협회 2006 환경정보 Vol.28 No.365

상대가격구조(相對價格構造)의 변화(變化)와 산업성장(産業成長)패턴

김광석,Kim, Gwang-Seok 한국개발연구원 1980 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.2 No.3

실거래가를 이용한 분양 아파트의 적정분양가와 계약률 책정에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

김광석,박원갑,Kim, Kwang-Suk,Park, Won-Gap 한국전자통신학회 2011 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.4

The purpose of the study is aimed at estimating the reasonable price and forecasting the sales rate of the new apartment, using transaction data of the existing apartment that is close to perfectly competitive markets. In the present paper, therefore, attempts were made to determine the relationship between the existing apartment market and the new housing market. Also conducted an empirical analysis that complemented the problems of precedent studies. 본 연구의 목적은 완전 경쟁시장에 가까운 중고 아파트 시장의 실거래정보를 이용하여 분양 아파트의 적정 분양가와 계약률을 측정하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중고아파트 시장을 기준으로 신규주택 시장과의 연관성을 살펴 보았으며 종전 선행 연구의 문제점을 보완한 실증 분석을 실시하였다.

한국산업(韓國産業)의 요소활용증가(要素活用增加)와 효율성(效率性)

김광석,Kim, Gwang-Seok 한국개발연구원 1980 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.2 No.2

단위소비자척도(單位消費者尺度)의 추정시도(推定試圖)

김광석,김대영,Kim, Gwang-Seok,Kim, Dae-Yeong 한국개발연구원 1979 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.1 No.3

수출주도형(輸出主導型) 공업화전략(工業化戰略)의 성과(成果)와 과제(課題)

김광석,Kim, Gwang-Seok 한국개발연구원 1981 韓國 開發 硏究 Vol.3 No.4

외국학술지지원센터 운영 사업의 비용편익분석

김광석,오동근,여지숙,Kim, Kwang-Seok,Oh, Dong-Geun,Yeo, Ji-Suk 한국도서관정보학회 2012 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.43 No.1

이 연구는 2011년 현재 운영중인 7개 외국학술지지원센터의 운영효과를 점검하기 위해 그 비용과 편익을 분석하였다. 사업개시부터 30년 경과시점을 기준으로 한 투자타당성 분석 결과, 비용편익 비율(BCR)은 0.99, 내부수익률(IRR)은 5.49%, 누적순현재가치(NPV)는 -507백만원으로 나타났다. 다만 민감도분석에서는 저널 이용건수와 사회적 할인율, 중복구독 중단 등의 항목의 변화에 따라 비용편익비율이 변화할 수 있음을 제시하였다. This article analyzes the costs and benefits of the seven individuals centers of Foreign Research Information Center. Results of the investment feasibility analysis based on 30 years time span show that 0.99 of BCR (Benefit-Cost Ratio), 5.49% of IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and -507 million Won of NPV (Net Present Value). Sensibility analysis suggests that BCR can be influenced by the journal usage, social rate of discount, and elimination of the duplicate journal among individual centers.

수수의 옥수수대찬 및 메티오닌 , 라이신의 첨가가 육계의 능력에 미치는 영향

김광석,한인규,하종규,곽종형 ( K . S . Kim,I . K . Han,J . K . Ha,C . H . Kwack ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.11

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of substituting sorghum grain for corn, and methionine and lysine supplementation on the chick performances. Two hundred and eighty male broiler chicks were divided into 28 groups of 10 birds. Substitution levels of sorghum grain for corn were 0% (diet 1), 40%(diet 2 and 3), 60%(diet 4 and 5), and 80%(diet 6 and 7) of corn. The basis of supplementing limiting amino acids (methionine and lysine) was to meet the level of chick`s requirements. There were no significant differences in weight gain among groups. Adding sorghum grain to the diet increased (p$lt;0.05) feed intake. However, no differences in feed intake were observed among sorghum grain fed groups. Increased feed intake by chicks fed sorghum grains may have been caused by lower energy density of sorghum grain. Feed efficiency of diet 1 (no sorghum diet) was significantly (p$lt;0.05) better than those of other dietary groups, which probably can be explained by the lower energy density in sorghum grain. The effect of amino acid supplementation to the sorghum diets was not prominent in the present study.