Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection in Lung Cancer Surgery

김관민 대한흉부외과학회 2021 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.54 No.4

Mediastinal lymph node dissection is an important part of lung cancer surgery that pro- vides accurate nodal staging and may improve survival outcomes. The minimally invasive approach, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, has become a standard operation worldwide. VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection should be thorough and accurate to ensure the completeness of lung cancer surgery. Herein, the author describes techniques for VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection.

좌심실유출로 협착증의 외과적 요법 - 대동맥판막하 협착증의 임상고찰 -

김관민 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1994 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.27 No.11

Forty nine patients [M: 31, F: 18], age from 2 months to 17 years [mean= 4.9 years], underwent operations, from April 1986 to December 1992, for the relief of subvalvular aortic stenosis in normal atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections.There were 4 anatomic types of subaortic stenosis : membranous in 29 cases [59.2%], fibromuscular in 11 [22.4%], diffuse tunnel type in 7 [14.3%], and miscellaneous in 2 cases. Thirty four patients [69.4%] had associated cardiac anomalies, of which ventricular septal defect was the most common [27 cases]. Other anomalies were patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, valvular aortic stenosis, double chambered right ventricle [DCRV], infundibular pulmonic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, and rigt aortic arch. Mean systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and ascending aorta was 26.4$\pm$17.6 mmHg : 13.1$\pm$17.6mmHg in the membranous type, 22.0$\pm$18.4mmHg in the fibromucular type, and 56.1$\pm$38.4mmHg in the diffuse tunnel type. Operative procedures were determined according to the type of subvalvular aortic stenosis : simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type [29 cases], left ventricular myectomy with or without myotomy or fibrous tissue excision in the fibromuscular type [11 cases]. Among the 7 of diffuse tunnel type cases, ventricular myectomy was performed in 2 and a modified Konno operation was performed in 5 . Postoperative follow up was made with periodic echocardiography. The Mean postoperative follow up period was 33.8 months. There were 2 hospital mortalities [4.1%] and 2 late deaths. Residual stenosis remained in 3 cases and recurrence developed in 2 cases during the follow up period. 5 years actuarial survival rate was 91.8$\pm$3.9% and 5 year complication free rate was 72.3$\pm$10.4%. Conclusions : 1. Subvalvular aortic stenosis should be relieved completely as soon as possible when diagnosed, regardless of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. 2. Good results were obtained using only simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type of subaortic stenosis. However, aortoventriculoplasty [modified Konno prodedure] was necessary for good results in the diffuse tunnel type. 3. Periodic postoperative echocardiography was helpful in detecting the progression of residual stenosis and development of new stenosis.

인공 심장판막의 재치환술 -수술 위험인자와 수술 결과의 분석-

김관민 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1995 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.28 No.1

From January 1985 to December 1992, of 1257 patients who underwent a heart valve replacement 210 [16.8% underwent reoperation on prosthetic heart valves, and 6 of them had a second valve reoperation. The indications for reoperation were structural deterioration [176 cases, 81.5% , prosthetic valve endocarditis [25 cases, 11.6% , paravalvular leak [12 cases, 5.6% , valve thrombosis [2 cases, 0.9% and ascending aortic aneurysm [1 case, 0.4% . Prosthetic valve failure developed most frequently in mitral position [57.9% and prosthetic valve endocarditis and paravalvular leak developed significantly in the aortic valve [40%, 75% [P<0.02 . Mean intervals between the primary valve operation and reoperation were 105.3$\pm$28.4 months in the case of prosthetic valve failure, 61.5$\pm$38.5 months in prosthetic valve endocarditis, 26.8$\pm$31.2 months in paravalvualr leak, and 25.0$\pm$7.0 months in valve thrombosis. In bioprostheses, the intervals were in 102.0$\pm$23.9 months in the aortic valve, and 103.6$\pm$30.8 months in the mitral valve. The overall hospital mortality rate was 7.9% [17/26 : 15% in aortic valve reoperation [6/40 , 6.5% in reoperation on the mitral prostheses [9/135 and 5.7% in multiple valve replacement [2.35 . Low cardiac output syndrome was the most common cause of death [70.6% . Advanced New York Heart Association class [P=0.00298 , explant period [P=0.0031 , aortic cross-clamp time [P=0.0070 , prosthetic valve endocarditis [P=0.0101 , paravalvularr leak [P=0.0096 , and second reoperation [P=0.00036 were the independent risk factors, but age, sex, valve position and multiple valve replacement did not have any influence on operative mortality. Mean follow up period was 38.6$\pm$24.5 months and total patient follow up period was 633.3 patient year. Actuarial survival at 8 year was 97.3$\pm$3.0% and 5 year event-free survival was 80.0$\pm$13.7%. The surgical risk of reoperation on heart valve prostheses in the advanced NYHA class patients is higher, so reoperation before severe hemodynamic impairment occurs is recommended.

전 흉부 대동맥 동시 치환술 -1례 보고-

김관민,김성철,박표원 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1999 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.32 No.6

원위부 대동맥궁류가 과도하게 커서 elephant trunk 술식을 적용하기 어려운 경우나 하행 대동맥류가 파열된 경우와 같은 합병증이 동반된, 전 흉부 대동맥을 침범하는 광범위 대동맥류에 있어서는 단계적 수술이 불가능하다. 저자들은 상행 대동맥에서부터 하행 대동맥까지의 대동맥을 동시에 치환하는 수술을 성공적으로 시행하였다. 환자는 65세 남자로서 하행 대동맥류의 파열을 동반한 전 흉부 대동맥류를 갖고 있었다. 수술은 횡행 개흉 흉골 절개술을 통하여 접근하여 초 저체온 완전 체외순환 정지 및 역행성 뇌관류하에 시행하였다. 환자는 순조롭게 회복하였으며 신경학적 합병증 없이 퇴원하였다. Some extensive thoracic aortic aneurysms are not amenable to staged repair, such as extremely large distal aortic aneurysms that are unsuitable for an elephant trunk anastomosis, or aneurysms that are accompanied by complications such as ruptured descending thoracic aneurysm. We report here a case of successful replacement of the aorta from the ascending to the descending aorta in one operation. The patient was 65-year-old man who had an aneurysm which involved the entire thoracic aorta and ruptured in the descending aorta. The operation was performed via transverse thoracosternotomy, and under the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged without any neurologic complications.

Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery Lobectomy

김관민 대한흉부외과학회 2011 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.44 No.1

가토에서 Cisplatin을 사용한 분리 폐 관류 -약리학적 변화 및 폐의 장기적 병리학적 변화에 관한 연구-

김관민,김진국,한정호 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1999 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.32 No.7

배경: 최근 항암제의 전신성 독성을 최소화 하면서 고농도의 항암제를 투여할 수 있는 방법으로서 항암제의 국소 관류 혹은 장기의 분리 관류 방법이 다시 연구되고 있다. 폐암의 항암제로 널리 사용되고 있는 cisplatin 을 사용하여 분리 폐 관류를 시행하였을 때 폐에 미치는 약물학적 및 병리학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 25마리의 가토를 I군 10마리, II군 15마리로 나눈다음, 각 군을 다시 5마리씩 2, 3개의 소 군으로 나누어 I군에서는 cisplatin 5 mg/kg을 정맥주사와 분리 폐 관류한 후 30분 경과하였을 때의 폐, 신장 및 혈장 에서의 platinum 농도를 비교하였고, II군의 첫번째 5마리에서는 10% pentastarch 용액만으로 분리 폐 관류 후 30분, 1주일째의 병리학적 변화를 관찰하였으며, II군의 두 번째 5마리에서는 cisplatin 5 mg/kg으로 분리 폐 관류 후 30분, 1주일째, II군의 나머지 5마리에서는 cisplatin분리 폐 관류 후 4주일째의 병리학적 소견을 비교 관찰 하였다. 결과: Cisplatin 5 mg/Kg을 정맥 주입한 군에서 폐와 신장 조직, 혈장에서의 평균 platinum 농도 는 각각 1.50$\pm$0.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 7.65$\pm$2.49 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1.19$\pm$0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로서 신장 조직에서 platinum 농도가 가장 높았으며 (p< 0.05), 폐 조직과 혈장에서는 비슷하였다. 그러나 Cisplatin 5 mg/Kg을 분리 폐 관류한 군에서의 platinum 농도는 폐, 신장, 혈장에서 각각 75.43$\pm$11.47 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1.30$\pm$0.35 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 0.13$\pm$0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml로서 분리 폐 관류 군의 폐 조직에서의 platinum 농도는 정맥주입 군에서 보다 약 50배 가량 높게 측정되었으며, 신장 조직 및 혈장에 서는 현저히 낮게 측정되었다(p< 0.05). 분리 폐 관류 후의 폐 조직의 병리학적 변화는 pentastarch 용액과 cisplatin을 사용한 군 모두에서 비슷한 소견을 나타냈다. 즉, 관류 직후인 30분에는 경미한 간질성 부종 외에 는 비교적 정상적인 소견을 보였으며, 1주일 이상 4주까지에서는 비교적 폐포는 정상적 구조를 유지하면서 부분적으로 소폐동맥 중막의 비후와 간질에 호산구 침윤의 소견이 특징적으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 분리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다 Background: Recently, regional or isolated organ perfusion is being studied again as a drug administration modality which is able to reduce systemic toxicity while delivering high-dose chemotherapeutic agents. This research was planned to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and long-term pathologic changes of the lung in isolated lung perfusion (ILP) with cisplatin. Material and Method: Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups (Group I: 10, Group II: 15). The groups were then subdivided into 2 and 3 subgroups of 5 rabbits. In group I, tissue samples of the lung and kidney, and systemic blood for platinum concentration measurement were taken 30 minutes after systemic intravenous infusion of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) and isolated lung perfusion in each 5 rabbits. In 2 subgroups of group II, lung tissues for pathologic exams were taken 30 minutes and 1 week after ILP in each 5 rabbits, which received 10% pentastarch solution only and cisplatin, respectively. In the other subgroups, lung biopsy was undertaken 4 weeks after ILP with cisplatin. Result: When cisplatin was infused via systemic vein, the platinum concentration in the lung, kidney and plasma were 1.50${\pm}$0.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 7.65${\pm}$2.49 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1.19${\pm}$0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. However, the platinum concentration in the lung was about 50 times higher (75.43${\pm}$11.47 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) than that of intravenous infusion group, and those in the kidney and plasma were decreased (1.30${\pm}$ 0.35 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 0.13${\pm}$0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) when cisplatin was introduced through ILP. Pathologic change in the treated lung with ILP was characterized by the medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arterioles and interstitial eosinophilic infiltration, which was not dependent on cisplatin

전통의 맥-해동검도

김관민 충남대학교 아시아지역연구소 1998 아시아지역연구 Vol.2 No.-

가토에서 cisplatin을 사용한 일측성 분리 폐관류

김관민,김진국,심영목,이종헌,한용철,한정호 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1997 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.85 No.0

다한증-땀을 많이 흘린다

김관민 인구보건복지협회 2000 가정의벗 Vol.33 No.7

혈액투석 카테터에 의한 쇄골하정맥 혈전성 폐쇄증의 수술치험 1례

김관민,지현근,안혁,Kim, Kwan-Mien,Chee, Hyun-Keun,Ahn, Hyuk 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1995 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.28 No.1

We are reporting one case of right subclavian vein thrombotic occlusion as a result of previous hemodialysis catheter placement in a patient with a functioning right brachio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula. Its complication was painful right arm swelling, limitation of motion and cellulitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by right subclavian venography and the complication was successfully managed by right subclavian vein-superior vena cava bypass with a GoreTex vascular graft. The arteriovenous fistula had remained to protect patency of the bypass at first, but two months later after the operation, the arteriovenous fistula had to be occluded because of the heart failure resulting from shunt over flow. After ligation of arteriovenous fistula, heart failure improved, and uncomfortable arm swelling did not develop again.