알렉산드리아 전쟁(Bellum Alexandrinum)의 배경에 관한 고찰 - 유럽중심주의 역사관을 넘어

김경현 ( Kim¸ Kyunghyun ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회(구 한국서양고대사학회) 2020 서양고대사연구 Vol.59 No.-

본고의 목적은, 고대 사료와 그리고 그것에 영향을 받은 현대 학자들에게 의식적·무의식적으로 형성되어 있는 유럽중심주의 역사관에 의해서 왜곡 또는 축소되었던, 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 성격과 의미를 재조명하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 필자는 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 배경과 원인을, 유럽중심주의 역사관에서 기인한 기존의 로마 중심적, 남성 중심적 설명이 철저하게 타자화함으로써 역사 연구에서 주변부로 밀려났던, 이집트의 관점에서 새롭게 논의한다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁은 소수의 궁정 관리들의 음모와 무지하고 폭력적인 이집트인의 단순한 도발이 아니다. 그것은 로마가 수 세기에 걸쳐 이집트에 가했던 정치적·경제적 침탈에 대한 이집트와 이집트인의 저항이었다. 또한 그것은 팜므 파탈인 클레오파트라의 유혹이 (조금 미화하여 카이사르와 클레오파트라의 세기적 사랑이) 일으킨 전쟁도 결코 아니다. 그것은 로마에만 의지하여 명목상의 왕국과 왕권만을 지키려 했던 여왕클레오파트라에 대한 이집트인의 실망과 반발이었다. 알렉산드리아 전쟁의 원인과 배경을 새로운 관점에서 조망하는 작업은 로마의 제국주의가 특히 이집트에서 확산하는 과정을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라 그 동안 상대적으로 간과해 왔던 이집트의 정치적·경제적 상황을 이해하는 데도 도움을 줄 것이다. 아울러 이는 유럽중심주의 역사관이 이집트와 관련해서 계속 재생산해온 타자성을 극복함으로써, 이집트 왕국, 이집트인, 클레오파트라에 관해 균형 잡힌 시각을 갖는데 기여할 것이다. This article aims to shed new light on the character and meaning of the Alexandrian War. The significance of the war has been distorted and underestimated due to the eurocentric viewpoint of history that had been consciously and unconsciously formed in the ancient sources, and by the modern scholars influenced through the medium of these sources. For this, I will discuss the background and reasons for the Alexandrian War from the viewpoint of ancient Egypt, excluded by the Rome-centric and male-centric explanations which were based on the eurocentric viewpoint of history. The Alexandrian War was not the result of the conspiracy of a few court officials or a simple provocation by the ignorant and violent Egyptians. It was a national resistance against political and economic invasions which Rome had made against the Ptomemaic kingdom and the Egyptians. Also, the Alexandrian War was not caused by the love story between Cleopatra and Caesar or allurement by Femme Fatale Cleopatra. It was caused by widespread disappointment leading to revolt against Cleopatra who had relied on Rome to protect her own nominal kingdom and queenship. This study will help not only to understand the Roman imperialistic expansion into the Ptolemaic kingdom, but also to understand the political and economic situation of ancient Egypt which has been relatively overlooked. In addition, this will help scholars to have a balanced view on the Ptolemaic kingdom, the Egyptians, and Cleopatra, by overcoming the Otherness reproduced by the eurocentric viewpoint of history.

질산염 안정동위원소 비를 활용한 가축사육 밀집 농촌지역 지하수의 질산염 오염원 추적

김록영(Rog-Young Kim),백운일(Un Il Baek),김선정(Sun Jung Kim),임도영(Do Young Lim),김덕우(Deok-Woo Kim),김민섭(Minseop Kim),김경현(Kyunghyun Kim),나은혜(Eun Hye Na),김용석(Yong-Seok Kim),정유진(Eu Gene Chung) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

터의 주인 되기: 로렌스의 『채털리 부인의 사랑』

김경현 ( Kim Kyunghyun ) 대한영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.41 No.4

Biocentric idea means that all living things are considered as equally important in a system. Nature can be regarded not only as the object of development or exploitation but as the place which has an interdependent symbiotic relationship with men, so we need to make an effort to maintain a harmonious relationship with nature. Lawrence has deplored the severance of the relation between human beings and nature with the process of life going against the order of life. He suggests ‘blood-intimacy’ as replacing consciousness or will to get over the severance and bring the life force to itself, and describes the aspect of coexistence with human beings and nature keeping life order in his novels. And he puts an importance on the spirit of place and the native. He thinks there is a unique spirit in every place connected with the native’s life directly and very closely. So it’s the essential thing to understand the spirit of the place and be a real native. This paper is an attempt to find the native in Lady Chatterley’s Lover and reconsider the spirit of our place. (Yeungnam University)

율리우스 카이사르의 신격화 : 그리스 · 로마 전통의 종합

김경현(Kim Kyunghyun) 한국서양고대역사문화학회 2010 서양고대사연구 Vol.26 No.-

In the Roman history, Julius Caesar was the first person who was deified in his lifetime by an official form of honours. Considering a generic character of the ruler cult, Caesar's deification is not surprising. It is because he became the foremost person violating the principle of the Roman Republic. Nevertheless, his power alone does not explain all his apotheosis. In this article, therefore, I have tried to investigate into where the idea of Caesar's deification was derived from and how that idea was embodied in his apotheosis. When Caesar met the Greek and Hellenistic world, a deification of the living rulers was already universalized in that place. Although an official deification of a living person did not appear in Rome, of course, it was only a matter of time before such a process was made. It was Julius Caesar who concluded the transformation into a deification of a living person in the Roman history. Caesar could also have carried out the creative process for synthesizing and developing the Greek and Roman traditions. The divine honours which were given to Caesar through the three stages could verify that a new synthesis was created in the deification of Caesar. However, a new synthesis of Caesar did not settle as a permanent institution owing to his sudden death. It threw the politics of the Roman Republic into turmoil where Caesar's successors went into the different actions. Antony objected to the deification of Caesar after his death. Octavian who declared the revival of the Republic could not also request a divination of the ruler. Unlike his rival Antony, however, Octavian could legitimate and exalt as a son of God through Caesar's apotheosis. Finally, Caesar was declared as Divus Julius by the senatorial decree in 42 BC. Caesar who was deified in his lifetime was deified again after his death. And this historical process may have developed a new concept that the Roman emperor was the leader on earth who went to heaven to be a God after his death. In this sense, the deification of Julius Caesar may have been a precedent of Emperor Cult.

‘제국적 문화’로서 검투경기

김경현(KyungHyun Kim) 한국서양사연구회 2014 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.50

This paper intends to provide an overall view of the Roman gladiatorial game(munus) through 5 centuries’ odd of its development, and particularly with strong emphasis on the fact that it was, par excellence, a imperialistically constructed culture. Firstly, so was it in the historical perspective, for beginning with its first transplantation on the Roman soil from Italian neighborhood during the middle Republic, it had developed steadily with the equal rhythm of the Roman imperial expansion until it took the full-fledged shape commonly termed the ‘legitimate game’ (legitiumum munus) in the early Principate, when pax Romana began to set in. Secondly, it was imperialistic in that the cardinal programs of the ‘legitimate game’ such as beast-hunts(venatio), public execution on the arena(damnatio ad bestias or gladium), and gladiatorial fights, as well as the its venue(with amphitheatre as the canonical one that always bespeaks, only by its monumental magnitude, the mobilization of tremendous resources) were all subsidized from the harvest of conquest(captives, slaves and booties). Lastly, but not in the least, it was one of the indices of cultural imperialism(to use the outdated 19th-century’s jargon, romanization) in that it was propagated throughout the empire, though with local variations in the extent and mode of reception: say more faithful assimilation in the western provinces, and acculturation(or creolization) in the Greek east where its own time-honoured sports culture sustained itself. And the author, it need to be stressed, while on the alert not to be drifted far away from the leitmotif(munus as an imperialistic culture), attempts to inform the reader of the basics of the game itself. Thus, it is hoped that the project of this paper, to give a balanced combination of a lucid theme and edifying information, is fully appreciated by the readership.

모바일 자율주행로봇의 주행학습과 강화학습을 통한 주행 경로선정을 위한 모니터링 시스템

김경현(Kyunghyun Kim),김성우(Seong-Woo Kim) 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

한니발 전쟁과 헌정의 변칙적 운용 : 대행정무관과 딕타토르의 선출을 중심으로

김경현(Kim, Kyunghyun) 韓國西洋古典學會 2005 西洋古典學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

배터리 교환식 전기이륜차 구동 성능 분석을 위한 시뮬레이터 개발

김경현(Kyunghyun Kim),최종대(Jongdai Choi),강창범(Changbeom Kang),차석원(Suk Won Cha),주승돈(Seungdon Zu),이재상(Jaesang Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2018 No.11

철도 PSC 교량의 시공기간에 따른 솟음 분석을 위한 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발

김경현 ( Kim¸ Kyunghyun ),김기현 ( Kim¸ Kihyun ),백인열 ( Paik¸ Inyeol ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2023 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

이 논문에서는 국내 공용중인 철도 PSC 교량에 발생되는 솟음에 대한 원인을 분석하기 위한 연구의 일환으로, 시공기간에 따라 발생되는 솟음에 대한 분석을 수행하기 위하여 솟음 산정 프로그램을 개발한다. 솟음 산정 방법은 모멘트면적법을 적용하여 해석하였으며, 솟음 해석결과를 유한요소해석 프로그램인 Midas-civil 프로그램으로 해석한 결과와 비교한다. 모멘트면적법을 적용하여 PSC 교량에 발생하는 시공기간에 따른 외력하중에 의한 즉시변형, 응력손실에 의한 변형, 크리프에 의한 변형을 고려하여 해석한다.

PSC Beam교의 실측실험을 반영한 한계상태설계법 기반 교량 평가법 적용 분석

김경현 ( Kyunghyun Kim ),유민선 ( Minsun Yoo ),백인열 ( Inyeol Paik ),신수봉 ( Soobong Shin ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구에서는 한계상태설계법에 기반한 교량 평가법을 개발하기 위하여, 공용 중인 교량의 실측실험을 반영하여 적용성을 분석하였다. 예제 PSC Beam 실 교량의 부재 실험 결과로부터 부재의 시험강도를 구하였으며, 재료 시험값으로부터 추정된 통계특성을 적용하여 산정된 저항강도와 시험강도를 비교하였다. 부재의 시험강도와 재료의 변동성을 고려한 저항강도는 동등한 수준으로 계산되어 실측실험의 적합성이 검증되었다. 차량재하시험으로부터 응답보정계수와 동적충격계수를 계산하였으며, 실측실험 결과를 반영한 내하율을 적용하여 현행 교량 평가법과 한계상태설계법 기반으로 산정된 내하율을 비교하였다. 재료 시험값의 통계특성으로부터 추정된 부재 저항강도의 통계특성을 적용하여 실 교량의 신뢰도지수를 계산하였다. 설계기준 개발에 적용한 저항강도 통계특성으로 구한 신뢰도지수보다 실측실험의 통계특성을 적용하는 경우 더 큰 값의 신뢰도지수를 얻었다. This study analyzes the applicability of limit state design method on bridge evaluation by considering the experiment of the existing bridge. The test strength of the member is obtained from the PSC beam bridge experiment. The test strength is compared with the calculated strength obtained from the statistical characteristics of material test strength and the two values are almost the same. The response modification factor and dynamic impact factor are obtained from the vehicle loading test. The rating factor is calculated by applying limit state design method as well as current evaluation method and the results are compared. The reliability index of the test bridge is calculated by using the statistical properties of the member strength obtained from material test and simulation. When the statistical properties of the PSC beam tested in this study are applied, the reliability index with a larger value was obtained than the reliability index obtained with the statistical properties of the design code.