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Media를 충전한 간섭포기식 침지여상에 의한 흐름특성에 관한 연구
權泳浩,梁相鉉 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.37 No.-
The flow pattern characteristics of submerged biofilters filled with three kinds of filter media were experimentally examined, and obtained results are as follows. 1. Flow patterns in submerged biofilters filled with three kinds of filter media was nearly complete mixing type when the parts of effluent are recycled, and nearly plug flow type without recycle. 2. Dispersion numbers of the flow recirculated was appeared 0.1352-0.2008 for A media 0.1156-0.1799 for B media and 0.1436-0.2035 for C media, respectively. Dispersion numbers of the flow not recirculated was appeared 0.0257-0.0614 for A media. 0.0122-0.0437 for B media and 0.0428-0.0762 for C media, respectively.
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지방의회 선거구 획정에 관한 연구 - 제주특별자치도를 중심으로 -
권영호 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2015 法과 政策 Vol.21 No.2
Electoral districting is the most important element of the election system to support fair and equal elections. In other words, it is not just legislative discretion dependent upon the political decision making of Congress, but it should be considered an essential element to secure equality in vote value under the equal elections principle of the Constitution. However, it is not possible to ensure exact population equality within each electoral district in reality, so reasonable deviation has been allowed in accordance with administrative divisions, geographical conditions and transportation. The South Korean Constitutional Court considered when providing the criteria, this should be reduced to a 33.3% population deviation, or 2:1 ratio, to guarantee equality of vote value. The single non-transferable vote rul in election did not increase electoral victories of minority parties and It also did not reduce wasted votes and increase representativeness at all. With those a sort of negative findings, this paper proposes the mixed member proportional representaion system used in German, U.S.A. as an alternative. Jeju Island, Udo- and Chusa- do are the defining electoral districts of the Senate problem availability, an isolated district in the most important issue and to dance plane a problem. Obtaining independent district residents in two Island depends on the formation of consensus jeju resident’s. There is no basic autonomy of the group in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Thus, strict in defining electoral districts in Jeju island unlike other local government is difficult to apply the principle of proportionality. Jeju Special Self-Governing Province's local council, therefore defining electoral districts in the area and Historicity of district should focus on. 다음 지방선거에서 제주특별자치도 의회의원 선거구획정에 있어 가장 논란 이 될 부분은 추자면과 우도면의 독립적인 선거구 획정의 문제일 것이다. 왜냐하면 의회의원의 총수나 교육의원의 선출제도는 중앙정부와 협의하여 처리할 것이고, 다른 지역 선거구 획정에 있어서는 인구비례로 결정될 것이기 때문이다. 이 논문에서는 2006년 제주특별자치도제가 시행된 후, 제주특별자치도에서 과거 기초자치단체 의회의원을 선출하던 추자면과 우도면에서 의회의원의 선출기회가 사라져 주민들의 불만이 계속되는 점을 감안하여 지방의회 의원 선거제도의 내용 중 추자도와 우도면에 대한 독자적인 선거구획정의 문제를 중점적으로 다루려 한다. 이 논문의 연구의 중심이 되는 제주특별자치도 제주시 우도면과 추자면은 제주특별자치도가 성립되기 이전 2005년까지는 당시 공직선거 및 선거부정방지법 제23조에 따라 ‘인구 1천 이상의 면(面)’에 해당되어 기초지방의회 의원을 각 1명씩 선출할 수 있었다. 그러나 2006년 7월 1일 이후 시행된, 제주특별자치도 체제에서는 우도면과 추자면이 각각 구좌읍과 한경면 선거구에 소속됨으로서 지역의 현안문제에 대한 지역의 의사가 지방의회에 반영될 수 있는 기회가 사라지게 되었다. 따라서 제주특별자치도의 선거구획정에 있어서의 추자면과 우도면의 불만을 해결하기 위해서는 위 두 지역이 가지고 있는 특수한 환경을 고려하여 표의 결과가치 등가성에서 나오는 대의제의 불균형성을 보완하고, 도서(島嶼) 지역 소수 주민의 대표성이 확보될 수 있는 합리적인 선거구 정착방안을 강구하여야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 우선 두 지역 선거구 독립에 대한 제주도민들의 공감대 형성에 노력하여야 한다. 또한 외국의 사례를 참작하여 주민자치의 근본정신을 시행하기 위한 선거제도의 다양성을 주장하여야 한다. 특수한 사정에 의한 예외사례를 인정함으로서 획일적인 제도구성에서 벗어난 개방된 제도를 완성할 수 있는 계기임을 홍보하여 공감대를 형성하여야 한다.
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하악전돌증환자의 악교정수술후 하악각변화에 관한 임상적 분석
권영호,장현중,이상한 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2
Predictional study for lateral change between pre- and post-orthognathic surgery has been emphasized mainly on anterior area of lateral profile ; upper lip, lower lip and chin et al. So interest for lateral profile change has been less in posterior area of lateral profile and literature analyzing gonial angle change is rare. The purpose of this study is to make prediction for gonial angle change possible and to offer somewhat treatment guidance for gonial angle to be improved by investigating overall gonial angle change between pre- and post-orthognathic surgery and inquiring into factors influencing on pattern of genial angle change. For this study 35 patients were selected retrospectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in just pre-op time, pod 1 day, pod 1 year. They were analyzed and genial angles were measured. The results were as follows : 1.Gonial angle at pod 1 day was decreased about 9.3˚than pre-op and gonial angle at pod 1 year was increased about 4.0˚than pod 1 day. So genial angle at pod 1 year was decreased about 5.3˚than pre-op genial angle(p<0.01). 2.Mean pre-op gonial angle was 129.4˚, showing significantly high value than normal and mean gonial angle at pod 1 year was 124.1˚, showing value near to normal. 3.Mean gonial angle change between pre-op and pod 1 year was decreased about 5.4˚ in female and 5.3˚ in male. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female(p>0.05). 4.Principal factor influencing on decreased gonial angle in gonial angle change between pre-op and pod 1 year was amount of mandibular setback. 5.Principal factor influencing on increased gonial angle in gonial angle change between pod 1 day and pod 1 year was % horizontal relapse, and it was thought that resorption and bone remodelling on posterior area in mandibular distal segment also were related to increased gonial angle. 6.It is thought that sagittal split ramus osteotomy in mandibular prognathic patients with high value of gonial angle is effective to improvement of gonial angle, and In patients who have normal range of gonial angle and are required with excessive mandibular setback, short lingual cut method, additional resection of posterior margin of distal segment, Obwegeser II method will be considerd. 7.More prudent operation and careful post-op management will be responsible for maintenance of post-operactive stable gonial angle.
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