Electrochemical Characteristics of Home-Made Bipolar Plate and Its Relationship with Fuel Cell Performance

권영국,이재광,지덕진,이재영,Kwon, Young-Kook,Lee, Jae-Kwang,Ji, Duk-Jin,Lee, Jae-Young The Korean Electrochemical Society 2009 한국전기화학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The effect of physico-electrochemical properties of carbon bipolar plate(BPP) on hydrogen and formic acid fuel cell performance has been investigated. BPP made of conventional graphite and carbon fiber composite were compared with the factors of interfacial contact resistance (ICR), corrosion behaviours, and hydrophobicity. Among them, the ICR of carbon fiber composite BPP has 50% higher than conventional graphite and the surface of carbon fiber composite BPP became rougher due to weaker corrosion resistance. Fuel cell performance was strongly dependent of ICR value of carbon bipolar plate.

Bismuth를 이용한 다층구조의 개미산 연료전지 연료전극 개발

권영국 ( Young Kook Kwon ),엄성현 ( Sung Hyun Uhm ),이재영 ( Jae Young Lee ) 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.46 No.4

고려전기 군정ㆍ군령기구의 정비

권영국(Kwon Young-kook) 한국역사연구회 2009 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.73

In the beginning of the Goryeo Dynasty, the affairs of the military command and the affairs of the military administration were separated. The former was taken over by Sunkunbu and the latter was taken over by the Ministry of the military affairs. During the period of King Sungjong, the Ministry of the military affairs was organized as the one part of the Six Departments under the Secretariat of State Affairs with the adoption of the Three Ministries and Six Departments System of the Tang Dynasty. In the beginning of the Goryeo Dynasty, the rankings among Guangpeungsung, Naebongsung, Kunbu and the Ministry of the military affairs were existed, but the vertical relations among them weren't existed. After the period of King Sungjong, however, the Chancellery for State Affairs as the office of the policy affairs and the Secretariat for State Affairs as the office of the political affairs were separated. And the Ministry of the military affairs was organized under the Secretariat of State Affairs. After the unification, the offices of the military administration around the Ministry of the military affairs were organized. Around the seventh year of King Sungjong′s reign, Cheh-chung-fu was established. And the military service system which was similar to the Fuping system of the Tang Dynasty was operated. In other words, the objects of military service who had financial means beyond a fixed level were conscripted. And their offerings had to take over military service. After the Khetan invasion in the period of King Hyunjong, the military service system was reorganized. To increase the number of soldiers, the government conscripted the objects who had not ability to take over the military service and provided the soldier′s land to them. This system was called as the Allotment of Land to Chosen Soldiers. Therefore, the new office called Seonkun took charge of the affairs of conscription which had been taken over by the Ministry of the military affairs. The offices of the military command were also organized. Sungunbu which was reorganized into Kunbu in the period of King Kwangjong continued to exist until the period of King Kyungjong. After the period of King Sungjong, however, the existence of Kunbu was not found any more. With the adoption of the Three Ministries and Six Departments System, the former government organizations were reorganized under the Three Ministries and Six Departments, but Sunkunbu could not be accepted within it. As a result, the function of Sunkunbu was moved to the Royal Secretariat which was modeled after Chumilwon of the Song Dynasty. The Royal Secretariat occupied the important position and was called as Jaechu Yangbu(Two Directorates) with the Chancellery for State Affairs from the beginning. The reason is that the Royal Secretariat as a machinery around a king took charge of not only the receipts and disbursements of the royal command, but also the affairs of the military command related to the confidential duties. In the 8th year of King Sungjong′s reign, the Military Commanders were established in the Two Frontiers. In the Two Frontiers, the accidents in which prompt military actions against the invaders should be taken happened frequently. Therefore, the rights to mobilize an army within the governing area were given to the Military Commanders. The central government built up the various systems to prevent the Military Commanders from abusing their military power and placed them under the command of the central government.

An optimality-theoretic account of ambisyllabicity in Old English

Young-Kook Kwon(권영국) 한국음운론학회 2007 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.13 No.1

  The present paper offers an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the (ambi)syllabification of intervocalic consonants and consonant clusters in Old English. Assuming ambisyllabicity in Old English, we argue that the proposed Optimality-Theoretic (ambi)syllabification results from the interaction between syllable well-formedness and universal markedness constraints, whose motivation is derived from the syllable phonology of Old English The analysis offered below is to be considered a serious alternative to the traditional approaches to the word-internal (ambi)syllabification In Old English.

고려전기 상서 6부의 판사ㆍ지사제

권영국(Kwon Young-kook) 한국역사연구회 2010 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.76

The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries in the Goreyo Dynasty was accepted the system in the Song dynasty. Compared with the system in the Song dynasty, however, it had difference in the method of operation and the function. That is, in the Song dynasty, Sangseo of the Six Ministries existed only in name. Actually the government official who had a different post carried out the business of Sangseo as an additional office. When the government official was higher than Sangseo in the official rank, he was called as Pansa, When the government official was lower than Sangseo, he was called as Jisa. In the Goreyo Dynasty, however, both the Six Ministries and Sangseos, the ministers, carried out their original function. Pansa or Jisa was not appointed instead of Sangseo, but was appointed as the upper or lower post independently of Sangseo. Also, Pansa or Jisa didn't substitute for the function of Sangseo, but took charge of the business of the ministry in company with Sangseo. The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries was operated from the period of King Sungjong. It was related to the policy to strengthen the royal authority. Pansa or Jisa was added to Sangseo, a minister, to check it. It had a purpose to keep Sangseo from being the sole lead in the ministry and to attempt the stability of the royal authority So far, it has been understood that all of the three posts were appointed together: Sangseo, Pansa taken charge of by the upper post, Jaesin, and Jisa taken charge of by the lower post. Actually, however, all of the three posts had never been appointed together. There were just two cases. One case is that just two posts, Pansa and Sangseo or Sangseo and Jisa, were appointed. The other case is that only two Sangseos were appointed. Therefore, Pansas of the Six Ministries were taken charged of as an additional post by the other officials that were higher than Sangseos in the third rank. Pansas of Six Ministries were held as an additional office by Jaesin and Sangseojoiwobokyha etc. who were in the higher rank. Meanwhile, there were a small number of the cases that Jisass of the Six Ministries were appointed. It is thought that Pansa who was higher than Sangseo was appointed much to check the power of Sangseo Jisa was taken charge of as an additional office by the official who was from Jung3pum(in the third rank) to Jong4pum (in the fourth rank) who was lower than Sangseo. The function of Pansa took the overall responsibility for major business with Sangseo. The function of Jisa took the same responsibility as that of Pansa But Pansa or Jisa didn't carry out the same business that Sangseo, a minister, carried out because Pansa or Jisa were the additional offices. That is to say, Sangseo took charge of all business of the ministry as a minister. However, it is thought that Pansa or Jisa carried out a part of the business which was demanded to check the power of Sangseo because Pansa or Jisa took charge of the different post primarily. Like this, The Pansa and Jisa system of the Six Ministries had a function that it held Sangseo in check to prevent Sangseo from having a concentrated power and to result in the stability of the royal authority.

초기영어의 3음절 단음화 현상에 대한 소고

권영국(Kwon, Young-Kook),문지순(Moon, Grace Ge-Soon) 한국언어학회 2014 언어 Vol.39 No.4

The status of Trisyllabic Shortening or TRISH has been solid as a phonological process in historical phonology of late Old English and early Middle English since Luick (1921), who asserted that analogical leveling based on trisyllabic shortening was required to account for the exceptions to Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening or MEOSL. Minkova (1982) and Minkova and Stockwell (1996) have claimed, however, that MEOSL must be regarded as compensatory lengthening due to the loss of schwa in word-final position and that there is no place for TRISH in the quantity adjustment processes in early English. In line with Minkova (1982), Bermudez-Otero (1998) has proposed an Optimality-theoretic analysis of MEOSL and criticized the role of analogical leveling and in particular that of TRISH in the account of alternations within the inflectional paradigms of nouns in early English. The aims of the current paper are twofold: we will review the arguments of both sides over TRISH in phonological literature of early English; adopting Lahiri and Fikkert’s (1999) view that TRISH, interacting with MEOSL, played a crucial role as a prosodic constraint in the phonology of early English, we will propose a unified constraint system within Optimality that can account for MEOSL and TRISH.

후기 고대영어의 동질군 장모음화 분석

권영국 ( Young Kook Kwon ) 한국영어영문학회 2009 영어 영문학 Vol.55 No.4

고려전기의 행직(行職)과 수직(守職)

권영국(Kwon, Young-kook) 한국역사연구회 2012 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.86

The so-called Haeng/Su-je(行守制) system was a method of indicating the "discrepancy" between one"s rank(a) and the grade of one"s post(b). Either the letter "Haeng(行)" or "Su(守)" was added to the title of one"s post(b) to suggest such discrepancy. In China, the San"gwan institution first appeared in the Dang dynasty period, and continued through the Seon"hwa period of the Sung dynasty. But the Haeng/Su-je system employed by the Goryeo government was very much different from its Chinese counterparts, in terms of its nature and its functions. In Goryeo, with the San"jik("honorary") institution in place, officials were bestowed with either titular "Geom"gyo-jik/檢校職" or "Dong"jeong-jik/同正職" posts, and in cases they were given the honorary titular posts and substantially functional ones both at the same time, either "Haeng" and "Su" letters were added to the front of the latter, in order to differentiate one from the other. The "Haeng" was also used in cases in which the recipient originally had honorary W(a)e-Myeong"bu/外命婦 titles or honorary San"jik posts and were provided with an additional title or post in the same vein. In these cases, the letter "Haeng" was added to the front of the "original" San"jik post or W(a)e-Myeong"bu title. These Haeng"jik and Su"jik examples appear more frequently in "in-grave" epitaphs and census data, than in the official governmental records of history. The former types of materials tended to document the entire career of the buried person or the lineage of the family head with great details, and also included the honorary and hereditary titles of the father, grandfather and even great-grandfather of the person in question as well. In the early days of the San"jik-je institution, the number of Su"jik posts" appearances and the number of Haeng"jik posts" appearances were relatively the same. But with the passage of time, the number of the former dropped substantially, and only the Haeng"jik posts continued to appear. There seems to have been a couple of reasons. Since the reign of King Hyeonjong, Su"jik posts for the "3 Elders and 3 Masters("3師3公")," which were different figures from the "ordinary" Su"jik posts of the earlier periods, heavily appeared. And after the Mongols" arrival, Su"jik posts with a new meaning of "associate(副)" appeared as well. So, it seems like in order to avoid confusion with all these new usages of the "Su," the Su"jik posts in general were practically avoided as a whole and were not that much used any longer. If there was a working standard or rule for these Haeng"jik and Su"jik posts, then they would have remained in active usage till the end of the dynasty, but there were none, so they did not. As we can see, the Haeng"jik and Su"jik posts in Goryeo were originally imported from the Dang and Sung dynasties, where the Haeng"jik and Su"jik posts were used to indicate the discrepancy between the rank and the grade of the title, but in reality it was used in a completely different fashion, for the Goryeo governmental officials.

디자인 전공자 대상 영어교육의 개선을 위한 제언 -ESP의 관점-

권영국 ( Kwon Young-kook ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2021 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.74 No.-

The current era of globalization urges learners to be able to communicate in English, the international lingua franca. The importance of being competent in English is commonly recognized in international fields as the key to success. Unfortunately, the importance of English is not reflected in the curriculum of the students' specialized field at Korean universities in general; design is hardly an exception. This study attempts to consider how an ESP-focused curriculum of the general English course should be prepared for the students in design. Focusing on the needs analysis, which is the primary step in ESP, this study looks into the needs and expectations of both students and professionals in design and emphasizes that their various, sometimes different, perspectives should be included in the curriculum development for the general English course. This study also proposes using e-learning technologies such as podcasts and Zoom as useful tools for helping students improve English listening and speaking skills. Thus, blended methodology consisting of face-to-face classroom activity and e-learning component may be an option to be more widely adopted in Korean universities.

디자인 사고 활용을 위한 융복합 교육에 관한 연구 - 스탠포드 디스쿨 교육과정 적용을 중심으로 -

권영국 ( Kwon Young-kook ),임성택 ( Lim Seong-taek ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2017 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.60 No.-

Among the various methods employed to deal with problems, solutions through design thinking, which designers are familiar with, has been receiving a lot of attention in recent years. In particular, the design thinking program started at Stanford University has been proved to be highly effective for college education because it can show the results with high completeness through the process of empathy, problem definition, ideaization, prototyping, and testing. However, considering the characteristics of each country and the differences among universities, we decided to set up a new type of class environment to examine whether such an experimental teaching based on design thinking is actually possible and to analyze any problems with it. The design thinking approach provided some positive results: during the class it helped students express more of empathy and love for other students and feel more confident in their thoughts and ideas; the diversity of the majors, which had been the biggest uneasiness factor in the beginning of the class, turned out to be a very efficient way of combining various ideas. When the circumstances in college education of Korea are considered, however, it must be pointed out that the process of collaborating with the professors of various majors and the development of the teaching program based on design thinking remains a task to be pursued continually.