저질조사료에 개미산과 요소첨가에 (尿素添加) 의한 Silage 의 품질 및 사료가치 증진

고영두 ( Yung Du Ko ) 한국영양사료학회 1988 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

옥수수 - 계분 Silage 제조시험 2 . Silage 의 소화율 및 기호성

고영두(Yung Du Ko),안병관(Byeong Goan An) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.2

With a purpose to reutilize broiler manure, whole crop corn was ensiled with five treatments: control, three levels of broiler manure i.e. 15, 30, 45 percent, and 0.65 percent urea (based on dry matter of corn) as nitrogen source. Digestibility, palatability and nitrogen intake were determined in a feeding trial with five male sheep (Corridale). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. DM, crude protein and crude ash contents were increased when the levels of broiler manure was increased in the silage, while crude fiber and NFE were highly significantly decreased (P$lt;0.01). 2. With the mixture of broiler manure in the silage, digestibility of crude protein and NFE was highly significantly increased (P$lt;0.01). 3. Daily intake of nitrogen for the sheep was estimated 12g per head and the value was highly significantly increased as the level of the mixture of broiler manure increased (P$lt;0.01). Daily DM intake per W^(0.75)㎏ was highly significantly increased when the silage was mixed with broiler manure (P$lt;0.01). 4. DCP and TDN were the highest when the whole-crop was ensiled with 30 to 45 percent broiler manure. In conclusion, the whole-crop corn silage with broiler manure was qualified as a good feed in terms of digestibility, DM intake and palatability provided the corn was ensiled with 30 percent broiler manure.

청예대맥 SILAGE 에 관한 연구 ; 제1보 silage 의 제조시험

고영두 ( Yung Du Ko ) 한국축산학회 1967 한국축산학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This experiment was carried out to determine the feeding value of high moisture green barley silage. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows: 1. There was less loss of nutrients of green barley than that of other silage through the ensiling. 2. High moisture contents made the silage a considerable seepage and acid fermentation was good. 3. The silage quality by KIRSCH method was also good. 4. The silage was palatable to all species of livestock and it was supposed that the silage would be good as winter roughage to livestock. 5. From the above results it was suggested that green barley, green barley hay and green barley silage are all good roughage to livestock and that more, good roughage to livestock can be self-supported with green barley silage.

옥수수 - 계분 Silage 제조시험 1 . Silage 발효의 화학적 , 미생물적특성

고영두(Yung Du Ko),안병관(Byeong Goan An) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.11

In order to increase nutritional value of whole crop silage by adding broiler manure at rates of 15, 30, and 45% (percent of corn DM), both small and large bag silages were prepared. The characteristics of fermentation and micro-organisms during the silage process were assessed. The results obtained are: 1. Nutrients such as crude protein, crude ash, Ca, and P were supplied from the broiler manure while crude fiber, NFE and ADF were supplied from the whole crop corn. 2. By increasing the level of broiler manure in the silage crude protein, crude ash, Ca and P were significantly increased (P$lt;0.05). 3. Both total-N and NH₃-N increased as the level of broiler manure increased in the silage (P$lt;0.1) and the increased rate reached maximum in the silage with urea treatment (P$lt;0.1). 4. The pH of the silage with broiler manure was higher than that of the control (P$lt;0.01). Lactic fermentation and Fliegs` Value were more favorable in the silage with broiler manure, 5. The total viable bacteria numbers, being estimated as 10^7 to 10^9 per g silage, were not significantly different among treatments. The number of bacteria for lactic fermentation was 10^6/g silage, and that of the silage with broiler manure was 10^7 to 10^8 per g silage, Conclusively, the whole crop corn silage with broiler manure up to 30% was considered most favourable in view of fermentational aspect.

Effects of Dietary Addition of Wormwood (Artemisia sp.) on the Growth Performance, Nutrients Utilization, and Abdominal Fat Deposition of Broiler Chickens

이성진,송기덕,고영두,김창현,Lee, Sung-Jin,Song, Ki-Duk,Ko, Yung-Du,Kim, Chang-Hyun Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2010 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wormwood (Artemisia sp.) addition on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and abdominal fat deposition of broiler chickens. Two hundred twenty five and two-day old Arboracre strain male commercial broiler chicks were distributed to 5 treatments with wormwood supplementation levels; C(O%), $T_1$ (1%), $T_2$ (3%), $T_3$ (5%), and $T_4$ (10%) and with 3 replications each with 5 birds for five weeks. Body weight gain during the experiment was improved in $T_1$ (1723.0g) compared with that of $T_3$ (1557.7g) and $T_4$ (1450.7g) (P<0.05). Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) increased as the levels of wormwood addition increased (C: 2653.8g, T1: 2852.0, $T_2$: 2900.3, $T_3$: 2900.7g, T4: 2954.7g). Feed conversion rate (feed/gain) was significantly (P<0.05) increased as the levels of wormwood addition increased (C: 1.55, $T_1$: 1.66, $T_2$: 1.70, $T_3$: 1.86, $T_4$: 2.04). The days reaching to 2.0kg of body weight were expected to be 43.2 days in control, whereas those of group T1 were reduced to 42.6 days by 0.6 day from control. Nutrient utilization and abdominal fat deposition in the experiment were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and small intestine contents in the broilers was significantly increased (P<0.05) as the levels of wormwood addition increased. Therefore, although there was no significant improvement for the performance of broiler chickens with the dietary supplementation of wormwood meal, less than 1% addition of wormwood to broiler diets might have beneficial for human health by reducing the abdominal fat deposition of the broiler chicknens. 본 연구는 국내에서 약용으로 많이 사용되고 있는 쑥을 건조시켜 사료에 첨가할 경우 육계의 성장률, 영양소 이용률, 복강내 지방함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2일령의 Arbroracre 계통의 육계 숫병아리 225 수를 공시하여 쑥 분말의 첨가를 00/0(대조군, C), 1% ($T_l$), 3%($T_2$), 5%($T_3$), 10%($T_4$) 둥 모두 5개 군으로 나누어 5 주간 3 반복 사양실험하였다. 육계의 최종체중 1% 처리군($T_l$ : 1723.0g)이 대조군(1715.3g), $T_2$(1708.3g), $T_3$(1557.7g, P<0.05), 그리고 $T_4$(l450.7g) 보다 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 사료 섭취량은 쑥 분말 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하였다(C: 2653.8g, $T_l$: 2852.0, $T_2$: 2900.3, $T_3$: 2900.7g, $T_4$: 2954.7g). 또한 쑥 분말 1% 첨가군($T_l$)에서 2kg 도달일령이 가장 우수하여 대조군 보다 0.6일 빠른 42.6일이었으나 쑥 분말을 3% 이상 처리시에는 오히려 늦어지는 것으로 나타났다. 사료요구량은 쑥분말 첨가가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하졌지만, 복강내 지방함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다. 비록 체중, 사료요구량, 사료 섭취량 등은 대조구와 비교하여 효과가 없었지만, 복강내 지방함량을 고려할 때, 쑥 분말 첨가 1% 이하로 급여할 경우 인간의 건강에는 효과적일 것으로 판단되었다.

澱紛粕 Silage에 關한 硏究 : 第2報 糠類配合 Silage의 製造試驗 Ⅱ. Brans Mixture Silage

高永杜,宋又準 진주농과대학 1970 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.9

우리나라에서 多量生産되고 있는 澱粉粕의 飼料的利用性을 增進시키기 爲하여 各種糠類를 配合하여 9個의 Vinyl silo에서 上部, 中間部, 下部로 부터 27個의 試料를 採取하여 pH, 有機酸의 定量 및 品質을 評價判定한 結果 다음 結果 를 얻었다. 1. pH에 있어서 糠類의 配合比率別 平均은 10%區에서 4.3, 20%區 4.3, 30%區 4.1을 나타내었고 部位別에서는 上部 4.1, 中間部 4.36, 下部 4.2를 나타내었다. 2. 有機酸含量에 있어 上部 1.85%, 中間部 2.17%, 下部 2.01%였고, 配合比率別로는 10%區, 2.06%, 20%區, 1.78%, 30%區, 2.20%였었다. 3. 品質의 評價에 있어서 糠類 30%, 配合區가 가장 좋았고 糠類의 種類에 對한 差는 거의 없었다. 4. 醋酸含量에 있어서 米糠과 밀기울間에는 5%(F=0,0670)米糠과 脫脂糠間에는 1%(F=0.091), 水準의 有意性이 있었다. 乳酸의 含量은 上部와 中間部問에 5%(F=0.3071), 水準의 有意性이 있었고, 各有機酸과 配合比率間에는 有意性이 認定되지 않았다. These experiments were carried out to improve the quality of starch pulp as an animal feed by the method of storing in the vinyl package as a substitute of silo in 50 cm under the ground for 85 days. In making silage, wheat bran, rice bran, and oil extracted rice bran were used as a mixture at the rate of 10%, 20% and 30% of starch pulp on the weight basis, respectively. From the above 9 different kinds of silages, twenty seven samples were taken from the bottom, interium and upper part of the vinyl packages to study the effective sampling for qualifying the silages. In qualifying these silages, the Flieg's methods were employed and the amount of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butryic acid, and also pH by Beckman's tester were measured. The results were analyzed statistically to test the significant difference among the kinds of mixture rate and the various parts of the vinyl package silo. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average pH value at the different mixture rate were 4.3, 4.3 and 4.1 at 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, and also 4.1, 4.36 and 4.2 in the upper, interium and bottom part of the vinyl package silo, respectively. 2. The average organic acids contents were found 1.86%, 2.17% and 2.01% in the upper, interium and bottom part of the vinyl packed silo, respectively, and 2.06%, 1.78% and 2.20% at 10%, 20% and 30% bran mixture rate, respectively. 3. In the qualifying the silages, the qualities of 30% mixture of each bran were superior to the other mixture rates and those were found no differences between the kinds of bran used. 4. From the statistical analysis, significant difference (P<0.05) was shown between the rice bran and wheat bran, and highly significant difference (P<0.01) between the rice bran and oil extracted rice bran, in the amount of acetic acid. In the amount of lactic acid, significant difference (P<0.05) was shown between the upper and interium part of the vinyl packed silo. No significant differences were found between the rates of mixture in the other organic acids.

Broiler의 成長에 Ethyl Alcohol이 미치는 影響

高永杜,河正基,宋又準,姜鎬祚 慶尙大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Broiler 雛(Pilch Line)에 Ethyl alcohol(E. A)을 給與시켜서 그 成長에 미치는 영향을 調査하기 위하여 本 實驗을 實施했으며, 各 實驗區는 對照區(C), E.A. 0.3%(T₁), E.A. 0.5(T₂), E.A 0.7% (T₃)로 나누고 各區에 各各 25首씩 配置하여 6週間의 增體量, 飼料利用率, 血液性狀, 斃死率等을 調査한 結果 그 成績에 있어서 약간의 變異는 있었지만 統計的인 有意差는 認定되지 않았다. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ethyl alcohol on the growth of chicks. The water was supplemented with 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% ethyl alcohol. Self-feeding method was taken and other feeding practices and management was according to the custom method. Twenty five broiler(Pilch Line) starting chicks were allowed in each treatment. Growth rate, feed utilization, blood picture and mortality were compared in the 4 treatments during 6 weeks. No significant differences in growth rate, feed utilization, blood picture and mortality were observed between the treatments. From the results of ethyl alcohol effect on the growth of starting chicks in the Journal of the Inrtitute for Agricultural Resource Utilization (1972: Chinju National Agri. College) and the present study, it was concluded that the supplement of ethyl alcohol in such a ratio and method was not effective to increase the growth rate or feed utilization of chicks.

韓國在來山羊에 依한 窒素化合物의 利用에 關하여 : 1. Voluntary Feed Intake and N-Metabolism Study 第1報 任意飼料攝取性 및 窒素代射試驗

姜禧信,高永杜 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Two metabolism trials by 6 Korean Native Female Goats, aged about two years old, were conducted by the two 3×3 latin square design to study the voluntary intake of feed and utilization of total dietary nitrogen. The experimental feeds used were 1) sun cured Acacia leaf and 2) the pellet composed of 21% barley, straw meal, 0.5% urea, and 71% concentrates as shown in the Table 1. The first trial was designed to feed the pellet as a basal to which the sun cured Acacia leaf was supplemented, while the second was to alter the basal and the supplementation; Acacia leaf as the basal and the pellet as the supplementation. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The pellet supplementaion to the basal diet of Acacia leaf resulted in an increased D. M. intake and could retard the live weight reductions which were shown by the goats fed the pellet as a basal feed. 2) The goats fed Acacia leaf alone were gained their weights by about 446 g/day whilst the animal fed the pellet alone lost weights at the rate of 1520g/day. 3) The digestibility of D. M. O. M. and total nitrogen of the sun cured Acacia leaf were determined to be 45.2, 47.7 and 39.6%, respectively.

靑刈大麥SILAGE에 關한 硏究 : 第1報 High-Moiture Silage의 製造試驗 I. High moisture green barley silage

高永杜 진주농과대학 1967 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.6

家畜의 粗飼料로 利用되는 靑刈大麥 飼料의 利用에 對해 著者는 아직 發表된 文獻을 보지 못하였으므로 靑刈大麥의 Silage製造利用에 對해 High-Moisture Silage로 製造試驗하였든바 다음과 같은 成績을 얻었다. (1) 靑刈大麥의 一般組成分과 製造된 Silage의 成分과 比較하면 榮養損失이 적었다. (2) 水分含量이 너무많아 Seepage가 相當히 많았고 酸醱酵는 良好하였다. (3) Kirsch法에 依하여 品質을 鑑定하여 본 結果 良好한 便이 었다. (4) 各家畜이 嗜好하며 冬期間 綠飼로서 適當하다. (5) 以上의 實驗成績으로 보아 靑刈大麥은 乾草나 靑草로서 뿐만아니라 Silage로서 利用性이 可能하다고 생각되며 靑刈大麥Silage를 製造하므로서 보다 많은 良質의 自給飼料를 生産할 수 있다고 본다. This experiment was carried out to determine the feed value of high moisture green barley silage which could not be found up-to-date. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows: 1. There was found less loss of nutrients or green barley than that of other silage through the Ensiling. 2. High moisture contents made the silage a considerable seepage and acid fermentation was good. 3. The silage quality by KIRSCH method was also good. 4. The silage was Palatable to all species of livestock and it was supposed that the silage would be good for winter roughage to livestock. 5. From the above results it was estimated that green barley, green barley hay and green barley silage are all good roughage to livestock. Moreover, it will be possible that for more, good roughage to livestock are self-supported with green barley silage.

加水分解 牛皮粉의 飼料的 價値에 관한 硏究

金大鎭,孟元在,高永杜 東亞大學校 大學院 1984 大學院論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Protein quality of hydrolyzed cattle skin meal was estimated by the pepsin-HCL digestion with various concentration and incubation time, and by chemical score to determine the limiting amino acids. Protein efficiency ratio(PER), net protein ratio(NPR) and net protein utilization(NPU) were also studied with chicks fed semipurified diet with and without supplementation of the limiting amino acids. Broiler chick growth trials were also conducted to determine the supplementation level of hydrolyzed cattle skin meal by replacing with soybean meal and feather meal. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Protein digestibility of hydrolyzed cattle skin meal was 66.31%, 80.69%, 83.72%, 84.65%, and 87.45%, respectively for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours incubation of 0.2% pepsin-HCl. Protein digestibility maintained above 80% after 8hours incubation and increased by increasing incubation time. 2. Protein digestibilities of hydrolyzed cattle skin meal incubated for 16 hours at 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.0125% pepsin-HCl solution were 85.10%, 82.08%, 76.18%, 74.67% and 64.82%, respectively. 3. Chemical scores of methionine, isoleucine, threonine, leucine and histidine estimated based on NRC(1977) broiler(03 weeks) feeding standard were 27%, 38%, 44%, 48% and 51%, respectively 4. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were improved by the addition of the limiting amino acids in the hydrolyzed cattle skin meal as compared with hydrolyzed cattle skin meal alone. 5. PER, NPR and NPU were also improved by the addition of the limiting amino acids. 6. Feed intake was not statistically significant upto 5% hydrolyzed cattle skin meal in the diet with was 100% replacement of hydrolyzed cattle skin meal with soybean meal and feather meal. Growth rate and feed conversion were not statistically significant at 3% but were significant 5% hydrolyzed cattle skin meal(p<0.05). These experiments were clearly indicated that hydrolyzed cattle skin meal could supplement in the diet upto 3% when mixed with 2 or 3 other protein sources.