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수확손실과 도정수율을 (搗精收率) 기초로한 벼의 수확적기결정에 관한 연구
강화석,이종호,정창주 ( Whoa Seug Kang,Chong Ho Lee,Chang Joo Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 1977 바이오시스템공학 Vol.2 No.1
本硏究는, 在來品種(아끼바레)과 新品種(統一)두 品種에 對하여 慣行 收穫作業 體系를 비롯한 바인더 및 콤바인 收穫作業 體系에 관한 各 工種別 穀粒損失의 待性과 量을 測定하여, 最大數量의 槪念에서 各 體系別 收穫適期를 判定하고 穀粒損失滅少를 期할 수 있는 慣行 및 機械化 體系의 辯立에 必要한 基本資料를 提示하는데 있었다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 在來種(아기바레) 品種의 收穫總損失은 刈取時 穀粒合水量에서 1.1∼1.5%, 바인더 作業 體系에서는 2.1∼4.8%, 콤바인 作業體系에서는 約기2.8∼4.3%로 나타났다. 搗精收率面에서, 바인더 作業體系가 74.8∼75.7%, 慣行作業 體系가 74.3∼75.0% 콤바인 作業體系가 73.8∼75.0%로 바인다 作業體系가 若干 높았고, 完全米收率은 機械的 乾燥方法을 採擇한 콤바인 作業體系가 餘他體系보다 越等히 優秀하였다. 2. 統一品種의 收穫作業 總損失量은, 收穫作業時 穀粒含水量이 28-16%의 範圍에서, 慣行作業方法에서 3.8∼5.0%, 바인더 作業體系에서 5.2∼10.0%, 콤바인 作業體系에서 約 3.0∼5.0%였다. 3. 統一벼의 搗精收率은, 慣行方法에서 72.3%∼73.6%,바인더 作業體系에서 73.2∼75.0%, 콤바인 作業體系에서 73.0∼74.6%로서 慣行方法이 餘他方法에 比하여 낮다고 判斷되었다. 4. 統一벼의 完全米收率은, 慣行方法에서 58.0∼61.5%, 바인더 作業體系에서 約 62.1∼64.9%, 콤바인 作業體系에서 63.4%∼64.8%로서 역시 慣行作業體系가 낮음을 判斷할 수 있었다. 5. 統一벼의 慣行作業總損失의 約 70%는 取扱損失(結束, 運搬, 줄가리損失)이므로 이 作業의 簡略化, 例컨대 刈取後 ??時結束 生脫穀의 技術開發을 通하여 損失減少策의 마련이 必要하다고 判斷되었다. 이와같은 改善慣行收穫體系가 通하면 適期收穫 總損失量을 現實의 3.6∼4.9%에서 約1.0∼2.0% 範圍內로 減少시킬 수 있다고 推定되었다. 6. 統一벼의 바인더 作業에서의 큰 損失量은 主로 結束된 볏단이 機械放出損失과 慣行方法에 準하는 取扱損失이므로 이의 減少策으로서, 衝擊力減少를 期하는 技術的 補完硏究와 生脫穀 技術開發이 切實함을 判斷할 수 있엇다. 取扱工程을 ??略하는 改善바인더 收穫作業體系 가 適用되면 適期收穫 總損失量은 現實의 6.0∼7.3%에서 2.1∼3.6%로 減少시킬 수 있다고 判斷되었다. 7. 最高收量 槪念에서, 各을 作業別 收穫適期를 總搗精量(圃場收量×搗精收率)에서 決定하면 統一벼는 刈取時 穀粒含收量이 大體로 26-19%의 範圍內에서, 또 아끼바레 品種은 大體로 20-16%의 範圍에서 나타났다. This experimental work was conducted in order to find out the optimum time of harvest of japonica-type (Akibare) and Indica-type(Tong-il) rice variety for three harvesting systems by investigating the harvesting losses and milling quality. The study was also concerned about the nature and amount of grain losses incurred during the each sequence of post-harvest technologies, and based on these results, a modification of existing systems giving a minimum grain loss was attempted. Binder, combine, and traditional harvesting systems were tested in this study and five grain moisture levels were disposed according to the decrease of grain moisture. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The total losses of Akibare variety were ranged from 1.1 to 1.5 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 2.1 to 4.8 per cent for the harvesting system by use of binder, and 2. 8 to 4. 3 per cent for the harvesting system by use of combine as the grain moisture content was reduced from 24 to 15 per cent. Milling recovery of the harvesting system by use of binder, 74.8∼75.7 per cent, was a little higher as it was compared to that of traditional harvesting system, 74.3∼75.0 per cent, and that of the harvesting system by use of combine, 73.8∼75.0 per cent. Head rice recovery of mechanically dried paddy samples was higher than that of sun-dried paddy samples. 2. The total losses of Tong-il variety were ranged from 3. 8 to 5. 0 per cent for the traditional harvesting system, 5. 2 to 10. 0 per cent for the system by use of binder, and 3. 0 to 5. 0 per cent for the system by use of combine as the grain moisture was reduced from 28 to 16 per cent. 3. Milling recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system was 72.3∼73.6 per cent and it was lower when compared to that of 72.3∼75.0. per cent harvested by binder, and 73.0∼74.6 per cent harvested by combine. 4. Head rice recovery of Tong-il variety harvested by the traditional harvesting system (58.0∼61.5 per cent) was lower when it was compared to that of 62.1∼64.9 per cent harvested by binder, and 63.4∼64.8 per cent harvested by combine. 5. About 70 per cent of total losses for the traditional harvesting system of Tong-il variety occurred during the handling operation. This amount of grain loss could be reduced by omitting the hauling and shocking processes and by threshing the stalk paddy soon after the cutting operation. The total losses at the optimum harvesting time would be reduced from 3.4∼4.9 per cent to 0.9∼1.5 per cent by appling such a modified system. 6. In the harvesting system of Tong-il variety by use of binder, the grain loss was mainly due to the handling (shocking) and throwing loss. It can be reduced by threshing the stalk paddy when it was wet, and the bundle-kicking mechanism of the binder should be improved for the harvesting operation of Tong-il variety to minimize the grain loss. It was found that the total losses of 6.0∼7.3 per cent at the optimum harvesting time would be reduced to 2.1∼3.6 per cent by applying the modified system in which handling operation would be omitted. 7. The moisture content of the optimum harvesting time was found to be 26 to 19 per cent for Tong-il variety and 20 to 16 per cent for Akibare variety, respectively. The optimum harvesting time was determined based on the maximum total milled rice recovery.
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물리적인 방법을 이용한 잡초 및 병해충 방제 방법의 개발 - 적외선 조사가 잡초종자의 발아율에 미치는 영향 -
강화석,유창연,강위수,이귀현,오재헌 ( Whoa Seug Kang,Chang Yeon Yu,Wie Soo Kang,Gwi Hyun Lee,Jae Heun Oh ) 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.1
This study was to provide the basic information for the development of thermal weeder which uses LPG as fuel. Weed seeds of Digitaria sanguinalis S. and Portulaca oleracea L. mainly developed in from and forestry nurseries were used as experimental samples. At different irradiation temperature(60, 80, 100, 150, 200℃), the dffects of weed seed species(digitalis, purslane), condition of seed(dry, soaked), and irradiation time(2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 180, 300 sec) on seed viability were investigated was investigated by examining interaction and main effect of experimental factors. The results showed that viability of weed seed was significantly affected by all irradiation temperature tested. Irradiation time significantly affected on viability of weed seed on all levels of irradiation temperature. also, there were interactions between condition of weed seed and irradiation time on seed viability at each irradiation temperature.
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잣송이의 채취(採取)를 기계화(機械化)하기 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究) (I)
강화석,이재선,김상헌,최종천,Kang, Whoa Seug,Yi, Jae-Seon,Kim, Sang Hun,Choi, Jong-Cheon 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 1993 Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 No.-
잣송이 수확기계의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 강원대학교 임과대학 부속연습림에서 7영급 및 4영급의 착과한 잣나무의 정단부위 성장특성과 착과특성을 1992년 8월 말부터 9월 중순까지 조사하였다. 1. 당년 성장한 가지의 길이는 4영급에서 주지는 27~56cm이고 측지는 18~47cm로 7영급보다 훨씬 왕성하였다. 2. 측지의 분지각은 $24{\sim}89^{\circ}$이었고, 2년 성장한 주지의 직경은 10~30mm로서 두 특징에 있어 영급간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 1년생 주지의 직청은 4영급에서 9~18mm로서 7영급보다 생장량이 더 높았다. 3. 착과수는 평균 5개, 구과 생중량은 평균 272g으로 영급간 유의적인 차가 없었다. 4. 2년 자란 주지의 착과위치는 그 마디 아랫 쪽으로부터 7영급에서는 9.7~33.0cm, 4영급에서는 18.0~51.0cm의 범위인 곳으로 평균위치는 각 마디의 1/2과 4/5되는 위치였다. 5. 착과한 나무에 있어서 구과, 1년생지 및 2년생지를 합한 총생중량의 범위는 1.0~7.4kg이었다. In the fall of 1992, growth characteristics and cone-bearing behaviour of crown top shoots were investigated on Pin us koraiensis trees, belonging to age class VII and IV, in the School Forests, College of Forestry, Kangwon National University to obtain basic information for the design of Korean pine cone harvesting machine. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The length of terminal main shoots and lateral shoots of the trees in age class IV was 27~56cm and 18~47cm, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those of the trees in age class VII. 2. There was no significant difference between two age classes in the branching angle ($24{\sim}89^{\circ}$) of lateral shoots and in the diameter (10~30mm) of two-year-old main shoots. However, one-year-old terminal main shoots of age class IV showed the higher diameter (9~18mm) than those of age class VII. 3. Mean cone number per tree was 5, and mean fresh weight of cone was 272g. No significant difference was found in these traits between both age classes. 4. Cones, on an average, hung on the two-year-old main shoots 15cm above the basal ends in age class VII and 33cm above in age class IV. Both lengths are equivalent to one half and four fifths of the shoots, respectively. 5. The fresh weight range of crown-top shoots containing cones was 1.0~7.4kg.
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폐광의 냉기 및 냉수를 이용한 온실의 야냉 시스템 개발
강화석,강위수,이귀현,오재헌,김일섭,류근창 ( Whoa Seug Kang,Wie Soo Kang,Gwi Hyun Lee,Jae Heun Oh,Ii Seop Kim,Keun Chang Yoo ) 한국환경농학회 1996 한국환경농학회지 Vol.15 No.2
This study was to develop the most effective cooling system which is needed to cool greenhouse during summer night for getting up early blooming of strawberry. Various cooling systems were designed and constructed to use cool air and water from an abandoned coal mine. Cooling systems built for this study included an evaporative cooling system with cooling pad, heat exchanger using small or large radiator, and cooling duct for drawing cool air from coal mine. The cooling pad, small or large radiator and cooling duct were individually tested. Also, combined cooling system was tested by operating cooling pad, small radiator, and cooling duct simultaneously. The results in this study showed that individual cooling systems such as cooling pad, small radiator, and cooling duct had about the same effect on cooling greenhouse. The combined cooling system had little better cooling effect than individual cooling system except the large radiator. The most effective cooling system for cooling of greenhouse was obtained by using a large radiator as the heat exchanger. By using a large radiator, temperature in greenhouse was dropped into about 15℃ when outside temperature was 23-24℃ during summer night.
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