치과위생사와 환자의 치석제거에 대한 인식과 구강보건교육에 대한 융합적 차이 분석

강현경,성미경,김유린,Kang, Hyun-Kyung,Seong, Mi-Gyung,Kim, Yu-Rin 한국융합학회 2020 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.11 No.9

This study was conducted to narrow the view on this by analyzing the difference between dental hygienists and patients' cognition and oral health education of scaling. The study was total 202 people were finally analyzed. The method of analysis compared the cognition of scaling and oral health education, and a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to check the effect of cognition and oral health education on dental selection by stages. As a result, there were significant differences in all but one of the nine items of cognition for scaling (p<0.01) and significant differences appeared in all but seven of the 19 categories of oral health education for scaling (p<0.01). Therefore, dental hygienists will have to seek ways to reduce these differences and continue to study how to explain them in scaling so that they can have a positive impact on patients' dental clinic choices. 본 연구는 치과위생사와 환자의 치석제거에 대한 인식과 구강보건교육의 차이를 분석하여 이에 대한 견해를 좁히기 위해 실시되었다. 본 연구에는 총 202명을 대상으로 최종 분석하였다. 분석방법으로 치석제거에 대한 인식과 구강보건교육을 비교하였고, 치석제거 인식과 구강보건교육이 치석제거로 인한 치과선택에 미치는 영향을 단계별로 확인하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 치석제거에 대한 인식 9개 항목 중 1개의 항목을 제외한 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<0.01), 치석제거에 대한 구강보건교육 19개의 항목 중 7개의 항목을 제외하고 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 따라서 치과위생사는 이러한 차이점을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것이며, 환자의 치과선택에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있도록 치석제거 시 설명하는 방법에 대한 지속적인 연구를 해야 할 것이다.

논에 서식하는 수서 대형무척추동물의 채집기 비교: 채집망과 방형구 및 core

강현경,정근,Kang, Hyun-Kyung,Chung, Keun 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.49 No.4

논의 생물다양성에 관한 관심이 증가하면서 논 먹이망의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 수서성 대형무척추동물을 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 효율적인 방법이 요구된다. 이를 위해, 강원도 춘천시와 충청남도 홍성군에 위치한 논에서 채집망과 방형구, 피이프형 채집기(core)로 얻어진 자료를 비교하여 적절한 채집기를 알아보았다. 채집망은 틀이 사각형이고, 바닥이 평평하기 때문에, 채집망의 조사 면적은 토양을 훑은 길이와 망의 넓이를 곱하여 측정되었다. 모든 채집물은 두 벼줄 사이에서 채집되었다. 대형무척추동물은 춘천과 홍성에서 24, 28분류군이 채집되었다. 춘천에서 분류군수는 세 가지 채집기에서 유사했지만(17-18분류군), 추정밀도는 그렇지 않았다(채집망, $1317/m^2$; 방형구, $1368/m^2$ core, $1810/m^2$). 홍성에서는 채집망에서 분류군 수가 가장 컸었지만(채집망 25분류군; 방형구, 21분류군 core, 16분류군), 추정밀도는 core에서 가장 높았다(채집망, $1586/m^2$; 방형구; $2595/m^2$; core $3704/m^2$). 각 채집기의 효율은 분류군에 따라 달랐는데, 채집망에는 주로 수서곤충류가 많았던 것에 비해 방형구에는 빈모류나 깔따구과 등 토양 속에 서식하는 종류에 대한 효율이 높았다. 논에 서식하는 수서곤충에 대한 정량자료와 희귀분류군에 대한 정성자료를 통시에 얻고자 하는 경우에는 채집망을 이용하여 논 가장자리와 논 내부에서 각 6회 정량채집하고, 논둑 근처와 논 가운데에서 정성채집을 수행되는 것이 시간 및 노동력 측면에서 가장 경제적 이라고 생각된다. With growing interest in biodiversity in rice paddies, efficient sampling methods for quantitative evaluation of aquatic macroinvertebrates are needed because of their important role in rice paddies' food webs. For this reason, we sought a proper sampling method through comparing data collected by using aquatic net, quadrat, and core in rice paddies located in Chuncheon-si, Kangwon-do, Hongseong-gun, and Chungcheongnam-do. Because the frame of the net was rectangular and had a flat bottom, the area, sampledwith the aquatic net, was calculated by multiplying the net width by the sweeping length, All samples were taken from the space between the rows of rice plants. Twenty four taxa of macro invertebrates were collected in Chuncheon and 28 taxa in Hongseong. In Chuncheon, the number of taxa was similar among three sampling methods (17-18 taxa), but the number of individuals was different (aquatic net, $1,317/m^2$; quadrat, $1,368/m^2$; core, $1,810/m^2$. In Hongseong, the number of taxa sampled by aquatic net was the highest (aquatic net, 25 taxa; quadrat, 21 taxa; core, 16 taxa), but the core was the highest in the number of individuals (aquatic net, $1,586/m^2$; quadrat, $2,595/m^2$; core, $3,704/m^2$. The efficiency of samplers differed among taxa. Most of aquatic insect taxa were more abundant in the aquatic net, while those living on or in the paddy substratum such as Oligochaeta and Chironomidae were collected more in the quadrat sampler. To collect quantitative data for aquatic insects as well as to produce inventory of rare taxa, we suggest, based on samplers used in this study, to take quantitative samples of 6 replications from each of the edge and inner zones of a rice paddy by using an aquatic net, and to take qualitative samples both from sides of levees and the inner zone of rice paddy by using an aquatic net.

당진화력발전소 녹지공간의 식재현황 및 생태적 특성 분석

강현경,이수동,한봉호,Kang Hyun-Kyung,Lee Soo-Dong,Han Bong-Ho 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.33 No.6

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

일부 제조업 근로자들의 구강건강실천과 치아우식 위험도의 관련성에대한 융합적 평가 -CRT^® bacteria를 이용하여

강현경,허성은,Kang, Hyun-Kyung,Heo, Seong-Eun 한국융합학회 2015 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.6 No.6

본 연구는 제조업근로자의 근무특성 및 구강건강실천정도를 조사하여 치아 우식증 위험도에 미치는 요인을 파악하고 근로자들의 구강건강 증진을 위한 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법은 2014년 7월1일부터~8월1일까지 부산 경남지역 일부 제조업 근로자를 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사 및 타액 내 미생물에 의한 치아우식발생요인검사(S.mutans검사, Lactobacillus검사)를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과을 얻었다. 하루 평균 근무시간 10시간 이상이 10시간미만일 경우보다 치아우식위험도가 높았고, 흡연자의 경우 비흡연자보다 치아우식위험도가 높았으며, 잇솔질 습관이 1점 증가함에 따라 치아 우식증 발생 고위험군일 확률이 S.mutans검사에서 0.044배 낮고, Lactobacillus검사에서 0.004배 낮았다. 따라서 제조업근로자들의 근무환경 개선을 위한 제도적인 노력과 지속적인 구강보건교육 및 실천이 이루어질 수 있는 사업장 구강보건교육을 위한 조직적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, the characteristics and oral health status of manufacturing workers were investigated to confirm the factors affecting their risk of developing dental caries and to prepare basic data for developing oral health promotion programs for such workers. A self-administered questionnaire survey and saliva microorganism examinations (S. mutans and Lactobacillus tests) were conducted from July 1 to August 1, 2014 targeting the manufacturing workers in the Busan and Gyungnam areas, to confirm the factors affecting dental caries development among manufacturing workers. As a result, the risk of dental caries was found to be higher in the workers who worked for 10 hours or longer a day than in those who worked for less than 10 hours a day, and in the smokers than in the non-smokers. A 1-point increase in the brushing pattern score resulted in 0.044 times less risk of dental caries development in the S. mutans test and 0.004 times less risk in the Lactobacillus test Therefore, systematic support is needed to improve the work environment of manufacturing workers, along with continuous oral health education in workplaces.

생육환경 분석을 통한 천연기념물 노거수의 관리방안 II -서울·인천·경기지역을 중심으로-

강현경,이승제,Kang, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, Seung-Je 한국환경복원기술학회 2004 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.

저작불편 호소여부에 따른 신체활동, 정신건강, 구강건강 및 삶의 질의 관련성

강현경(Hyun-Kyung Kang) 한국구강보건과학회 2019 한국구강보건과학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between physical activity, mental health, oral health and quality of life according to chewing difficulty with the 6,7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) software, and a complex sampling analysis with stratified variables, clustered variables. A total of 19,901people were selected as the study population. Results: In the case of proper exercise, there was less appeal of chewing(p<0.001). The higher the perceived stress, the more depressive feelings over two weeks, the more psychological counseling experience, and the more suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, the higher the complaints of chewing difficulty(p<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that the discomfort of chewing was related to all items. Investigating the complaints of chewing difficulty could be used as an index for assessing general health and oral health.

부산지역 일부 치위생과 학생의 노인에 대한 지식과 태도 및 행동에 관한 연구

강현경 ( Hyun Kyung Kang ) 한국치위생과학회 2006 치위생과학회지 Vol.6 No.3

劉向 ≪列女傳≫ 중의 규범과 서사적 표현방식

姜賢敬(Kang, Hyunkyung) 동아인문학회 2021 동아인문학 Vol.56 No.-

西漢시대 劉向이 편찬한 ≪열녀전≫에는 ‘여성 언행의 포폄’이라는 표면적인 전달 내용과 그 이면에 숨겨진 ‘군주에게 전하는 간언’의 내용이 이중적으로 담겨 있다. 漢나라 왕권의 기강을 염려하였던 유향이 勸諫 의도에서 ≪열녀전≫을 편찬하였다는 관점에서 볼 때, 여성 행적에 대한 칭송과 비난의 관점에서 단순하게 평가하고 이해하기보다는, 오히려 작자의 의도를 포장하기 위하여 동원된 표현수법을 다각도로 검토하여 일화의 심층적 의미를 확인해야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 ≪열녀전≫이 평면적인 관념적 문자 해석에서 벗어나, 설득력과 이해도를 높이는 서사적 기법으로 표현되었음을 살펴보고자 하였다. 수록된 대부분의 일화는 주인공이 진술한 “吾聞……”의 논변으로써 상대방을 설득시키고 발생한 상황을 종결하는 기법으로 서사화 되었다. 때로는 일상생활 중에 널리 알려진 규범일지라도, 규범 실천의 중요성을 재인식할 수 있는 적절한 상황 설정, 상황과 관련된 주인공의 진술, 그에 따른 상황의 결과 등이 현실감 있는 서사적 장면으로 표현되기도 하였다. 어떤 일화에서는 이전의 典故를 근거로 삼아 상대방(주로 정치가, 관료)의 현실적인 잘못과 정치적 폐단을 지적하는 논변이 서사적인 맥락으로 표현되기도 하였으며, 또한 고대 서책 중의 기록을 근거로 하여 생동감 있는 현실 상황으로 재구성한 일화가 수록되기도 하였다. 이러한 기록 태도는 작자의 勸諫 의도를 우회적으로 표현하고자 했던 다양한 표현수법 중의 하나로 볼 수 있겠다. Lienüzhuan(열녀전) compiled by Liu Xiang(유향), contains a double transmission of ‘the praise & condemnation of women"s words and actions’ and ‘the preaching of the monarchs’ hidden behind it. From the perspective of Liu Xiang, who was concerned about the discipline of the Han Dynasty, it is necessary to review the expressions used to cover the author"s intentions rather than simply evaluating and understanding women"s activities. In this study, I would like to look at Lienüzhuan"s expression as a narrative technique to increase persuasion and influence away from ideological character interpretation. Through such expressions, I can find out how the practice of norms as a woman and the political attitude as a ruler narrated. Most of the anecdotes are based on the main character"s statement “I heard……”. It was narrated as a technique of persuading the other person through the argument of “I heard……” and ending the situation. Even the most widely known norms in everyday life were narrated realistically through the setting of characters, situations, and developments made by the end of situations to enhance practical understanding. In addition, based on everyday moral codes, the argument was expressed in an narrative context to point out the realistic wrongs and political abuses of the other party (mainly politicians and bureaucrats). Some anecdotes were also reworked as a lively reality based on records from ancient books that appeared earlier than of Lienüzhuan. These expressions of Lienüzhuan are considered to be included in the various ways in which the author intended to indirectly express his expostulation.

옥수수수염 추출액의 Klebsiella pneumoniae에 대한 항균활성

강현경(Hyun-Kyung Kang),배일권(Il Kwon Bae) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.12

Klebsiella pneumoniae는 인간의 피부, 구강, 호흡기, 요로, 장관 등에서 일반적으로 존재하는 상재세균이다. 하지만 지역사회획득 폐렴의 주요 원인이 되는 기회감염균이기도 하다. 옥수수수염은 K. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 등 병원성 세균에 대해 항균활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 옥수수수염 농축액의 K. pneumoniae에 대한 항균능을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, broad-spectrum β-lactamase (BSBL) 생성균주, exteded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) 생성균주 및 carbapenemase 생성균주를 수집하였다. 항균제 감수성 검사는 디스크 확산법을 사용하였고 내성유전자는 PCR 증폭과 염기서열 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 항균활성 실험을 위하여 옥수수수염 농축액을 이용하여 MacConkey agar 평판배지(50%, 100%)를 제조하였고 균주의 성장억제를 확인하기 위하여 제조된 배지에 K. pneumoniae를 평판도말하여 37℃ 항온기에서 18시간동안 배양하였다. 수집된 K. pneumoniae는 SHV-1 (n=8), SHV-2a (n=8), SHV-5 (n=2), SHV-11 (n=2), SHV-12 (n=18), TEM-1 (n=10), CTX-M-3 (n=2), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-15 (n=1), GES-5 (n=5), KPC-2 (n=6), KPC-3 (n=4) 및 NDM-1 (n=2)을 보유하고 있었다. 시험에 사용된 K. pneumoniae 균주 가운데 K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883균주에 대해 항균활성이 있었으나 BSBL, ESBL 및 carbapenemase 생성균주에 대한 항균활성을 확인할 수는 없었다. 따라서 옥수수수염 추출액은 K. pneumoniae에 의한 지역사회획득 감염증 예방과 회복에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Klebsiella pneumoniae is found in the normal flora of the skin, mouth, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and intestines in human. However, the stain is opportunistic pathogen, which is the causative agent of community acquired pneumonia. Corn silk has been known to be effective for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including K. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, et al. In this study we focused on the antimicrobial properties of con silk water extract of K. penumoniae. K. pneumoniae isolates K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and broad-spectrum β-lactamase (BSBL), exteded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase- producers. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the disk diffusion method. Searches for bla genes were performed by PCR amplication and direct sequencing. MacConkey agar plate medium was prepared using the corn silk extracts (50% or 100%) instead of distilled water for antimicrobial activity test. The microbial growth inhibitory potential of K. pneumoniae was determined by using the MacConkey agar plate spreading method, and the plate was incubated 18 hr at 37℃. Genes encoding β-lactamases including SHV-1 (n=8), SHV-2a (n=8), SHV-5 (n=2), SHV-11 (n=2), SHV-12 (n=18), TEM-1 (n=10), CTX-M-3 (n=2), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-15 (n=1), GES-5 (n=5), KPC-2 (n=6), KPC-3 (n=4), and NDM-1 (n=2) were detected. The corn silk extract showed significantly antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, but BSBLs, ESBLs, and carbapenemase producers were not. Therefore, corn silk extract is thought to be able to assist in the prevention and rapid recovery of infectious disease caused by K. pneumoniae.

유아의 애도과정에 대한 문헌적 고찰

강현경 ( Hyung Kyung Kang ),김성숙 ( Seong Sook Kim ) 미래유아교육학회 2013 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was to review theoretically how important the grief work for young children with the pain of bereavement is, and to advocate how parents can help for the young children`s mourning process. Through the theoretical analysis, the theory of psychoanalysis and attachment were based on, the necessity of the grief work and the parents` ways to help the young children`s mourning process were classified to three and two each by reading and sorting out all the collected data in accordance with the theory of psychoanalysis and attachment. In conclusion, first, this study discussed the necessity of grief work related to the followings: the catharsis of negative feelings, the protection of physical and psychological symptoms, and the leap for the new life. Next, this study discussed how parents help their children in accordance with the following two: to teach their children about what the death means, and to give opportunities of emotional catharsis by expressing their feelings. This study will provide proper information to parents on how to take actions for their children who are suffering from the feeling of loss.