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종합검진 수검자의 스트레스 수준과 생활습관, 자각증상 및 임상적 진단의 관련성
박준한,전진호,강장미,손병철,김대환,이창희,정귀원,엄상화,Park, Jun-Han,Chun, Jin-Ho,Kang, Jang-Mi,Son, Byung-Chul,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Lee, Chang-Hee,Jeong, Kui-Won,Urm, Sang-Hwa 대한예방의학회 1998 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.31 No.4
To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.
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항미생물제제를 포함한 self-etching primer로 접착한 세라믹 브라켓의 전단 결합 강도
권태훈(Tae-Hun Kwon),강장미(Jang-Mi Kang),장나영(Na-Young Chang),강경화(Kyung-Hwa Kang) 대한치과교정학회 2011 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.41 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 세라믹 브라켓의 종류에 따른 항미생물제제를 포함한 self-etching primer의 전단 결합 강도 차이를 평가하고, 접착제 잔류 지수(adhesive remnant index, ARI)를 기록하여 브라켓-접착제의 파절양상을 알아보는 것이다. 인간의 발치된 치아 90개를 세라믹 브라켓의 종류(단결정 혹은 다결정)와 primer의 종류(Transbond XT primer, Transbond Plus SEP, Clearfil Protect Bond)에 따라 임의로 6개 군으로 분류하여 각 군당 15개의 치아를 할당하였다. 전단 결합 강도를 측정 후 치면에 남아 있는 접착제의 양을 평가하였다. 세 종류의 primer 모두에서 다결정 세라믹 브라켓군이 단결정 세라믹 브라켓군보다 전단 결합 강도가 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 단결정과 다결정 세라믹 브라켓군 모두에서 Transbond XT primer를 이용하여 접착한 군이 Transbond Plus SEP이나 Clearfil Protect Bond를 이용하여 접착한 군보다 전단 결합 강도가 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.001). 모든 군에서 모든 접착제가 치면에 남아 있거나 90% 이상 남아 있는 브라켓-접착제 계면의 파절이 관찰되었다. 적절한 전단 결합 강도와 파절 양상을 고려하여 단결정 세라믹 브라켓과 self-etching primer 조합이 추천된다. (대치교정지 2011;41(1):16-24) Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the shear bond strength (SBS) of an antimicrobial monomer- containing self-etching primer according to ceramic bracket types and (2) the bracket-adhesive failure mode using an adhesive remnant index (ARI). Methods: A total of 90 extracted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups. Each group consisted of one of two ceramic brackets (monocrystalline, polycrystalline) and one of three primers (Transbond XT primer, Transbond Plus SEP, Clearfil Protect Bond) with each group containing 15 specimens. The SBS was measured, and adhesive residues left on the tooth surface were assessed. Results: The SBS of polycrystalline ceramic bracket groups was significantly higher than that of the monocrystalline ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.001). The SBS of Transbond XT primer groups was significantly higher than those of Transbond Plus SEP groups and Clearfil Protect Bond groups (p < 0.001). All the groups showed bonding failures between the bracket base and adhesive. Conclusions: The combination of a self-etching primer with a monocrystalline bracket is recommended for clinical use, considering its acceptable SBS and mode of failure. (Korean J Orthod 2011;41(1):16-24)
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