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A New Model of a Routing and Wavelength Assignment Problem on WDM Ring Networks
강동한,강장하,박성수 한국경영과학회 2002 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(1)
We consider a routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring networks, which is to maximize the established connections between nodes, given a set of usable wavelengths. We propose two new mathematical formulations of it and efficient algorithms based on branch-and-price method. Computational experiments on random instances show that one of the proposed formulations yields optimal solutions in much shorter time on the average than the previous formulation due to Lee (1998).
하시모토 갑상선염 유무에 따른 갑상선 유두암의 임상병리학적 분석
강동현,한선욱,허성모,우희두,김성용,Dong Hyun Kang,Sun Wook Han,Sung Mo Hur,Hee Doo Woo,Sung Yong Kim 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2013 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.13 No.4
Purpose: The causal association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. This research attempted to analyze clinicopathological relationships between HT and PTC, and to determine what influence the former has on the latter. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 773 patients who underwent thyroid surgery with PTC. These patients were divided into two groups, coexistent HT group and PTC alone group, and the clinicopathologic data were analyzed. Results: Out of 773 patients, the coexistent HT group included 269/773 (34.8%) patients and the control group included 504/773 (65.2%) patients. In comparison of these two groups, there were no significant differences in age, extent of surgery, serum T3, Free T4, number of tumors, multifocality, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis. In sex, women were at the higher rate in coexistent HT group than in the control group (P=0.008). Serum TSH level was higher in the coexistent HT group (P<0.001). In addition, using the AMES scoring system, the coexistent HT group showed a significantly higher rate of low risk than the control group (P=0.048). Multivariate analysis showed no significant association between HT and lymph node metastasis (P=0.081, odds ratio= 1.335; 95% CI, 0.965∼1.847). Conclusion: The rate of women and serum TSH level were higher in the coexistent HT group. In addition, the low-risk group showed the higher rate in the case of accompanying HT, and though the HT does not affect the lymph node metastasis but much more researches would be needed on that.
강동수(Kang, Dong-Soo) 새한철학회 2014 哲學論叢 Vol.77 No.3
이 연구는 N. 쿠자누스의 『루도 글로비에 관하여』(De Ludo Globi) 와 M. 피치노의 『플라톤 신학』 (Theologia Platonica)을 중심으로 명상과 신비적 합일을 고찰하였다. 쿠자누스는 ‘글로부스 놀이’를 통해서 명상을 설명하였다. 그의 설명에서 세계가 놀이판에, 영혼이 공에, 신은 중점에 비유된다. 그리고 중점을 향한 공의 운동이 신에로 상승하는 영혼의 여행으로 비유된다. 영혼의 상승운동이 사유 활동이므로 명상은 영혼여행을 뜻한다. 세계와 영혼은 양자 모두에 생기를 주는 빛, 즉 신 안에 배치되어 있고, 세계는 신을 향한 영혼 여행이 일어나는 장소이다. 이에 따르면 영혼은 신으로부터 사유하도록 추동되고, 명상은 신의 인식에 도달하는 것이 궁극 목적이다. 피치노는 명상의 목적을 “신비적 합일”로 생각한다. 그는 『플라톤 신학』에서 영혼의 불멸성을 논구하여 영혼이 신과 신비적 합일에 도달해야 할 근거와 이유를 고찰하였다. 그는 영혼의 성격을 인식과 의지로 구별하고, 신과 신비적 합일에로 상승하려는 의지가 중요하다고 해명한다. 이러한 의지는 신의 사랑에서 동기화되어 신을 향한 눈먼 사랑으로 귀결된다. 그는 일자에로 지향하는 영혼의 운동을 가능하게 하는 힘을 사랑으로 파악한다. 사랑은 우주의 존재 위계들 사이를 순환하면서 우주의 생성을 도모하는 활력소로 신비로운 힘이다. 쿠자누스와 피치노는 모두 명상이 영혼의 자기정화 방법으로, 신을 향해 상승하는 운동으로 파악한다. 그들의 명상은 현실과 이상 사이의 모순에서 생겨나는 고통과 불안 등을 해소하기 위한 사유 활동이다. 명상은 물질적 삶으로부터 정신적 삶에로 가는 ‘영혼여행’으로 “지혜놀이”이다. 그들은 명상을 통해서 영혼이 순화되고, 궁극적으로 평안과 휴식을 얻는다고 생각한다. 이러한 해명은 심리 치료를 위한 한 방안으로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다. In this study we inquired ‘contemplation’ and ‘mystical union’ in N. Cusanus’s De Ludo Globi and M. Ficino’s Theologia Platonica. As a clue for an investigation of their concepts we examined the same character of play and contemplation and mystical union. Cusanus explained the character of world and soul with symbols of play. For him the world is the starting point of soul-journey toward the God. He explained contemplation as a soul-journey. The movement of soul is a thinking. The soul was motived from God, and the soul contemplated divine Being of God. And further we inquired into the condition and end of soul-journey in De Ludo Globi. According to Cusanus, man learns the ways and self-control in soul-journey for God. He discharges his difficulties and adventures for life. In the process man attains joys of divine life. Ficino was explained for the aim and process and ground of mystical union in his Theologia Platonica. His ‘mystical union’ was constituted with many stages and a motive. The necessity of purification of soul is served as a stepping-stone for mystical union. He thinks as a link with the relation between world and soul and the One. The link has many stages, but it is continual relation. All things in the universe have his form and place of movement. Specially soul has two wings of a desire and a cognition. The harmony of them is necessary to a rising soul toward God. Human desires in a sensory body disturbs soul in his ascension. Since it is so, the purification of soul was necessary claimed. For Ficino mystical union is soul-movement that solves a contradiction of actual world and intention. It appears as soul-purification and self-satisfaction. In an jubilation of contemplation and mystical union, soul ascends to divine sphere. This ascent of soul brings about an effect of healing. Because the contemplation is soul-journey that travel from a world life to the eternal and supreme bliss. For that reason contemplation and mystical union must be considered as a philosophical therapy.