Effects of Lipids on Analysis of Residue Pesticides in Herbal Medicines

김장억,이성은,김장억 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3

Serious problems in residue analysis of acetamipirid,chlorpyrifos, and bifenthrin caused by lipids present in herbalmedicines, platycodon root, safflower, and persicae semen havebeen found during the pesticide residue analysis using a currentlyused analytical method. Particularly, recovery tests for artificiallyspiked pesticides showed poor recoveries for bifenthrin in persicaesemen, which may be due to the low polarity of the pesticide andhigh lipid content in the matrix. An unclear layer separationbetween water and organic solvent, methylene chloride, has beenalso observed during the liquid-liquid partitioning process, whichfavors modification of the liquid-liquid partitioning by replacementwith acetonitrile and a macroporous diatomaceous earth column,respectively. The effectiveness of newly modified methods wasevaluated based on the recoveries of three pesticides in the herbalmedicines at two fortification levels (1.0 and 4.0 mg/kg). Themodified methods increased recoveries to 81.8–98.9%, suggestingthose methods could be effective and feasible alternatives todetermine acetamiprid, bifenthrin, and chlorpyrifos in lipidicsamples.

N-(butoxymethy1)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide(Butachlor) 製劑의 安定性

洪鐘旭,李政勳,金章億 慶北大學校 1985 農業科學技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

Butachlor를 乳劑와 粒劑로 製劑化할때 化學的 安定性과 藥效에 影響을 미치는 要因 中 水分, pH, 擔體, 乳化劑 및 有機溶劑等으로 製劑組成을 달리 했을 때와 紫外線照射時의 主成分經時變化에 미치는 影響을 調査한 結果는 다음과 같았다. 製劑形態에 따른 經時變化率은 暗室保管時에는 製形에 相關없이 16時間 後까지 安定하였으나 紫外線照射時에는 主成分 分解率이 乳劑 > sand 被覆粒劑 > zeolite 吸着粒劑의 順으로 나타났다. 물과 pH를 調節한 後의 乳濁液狀態에서는 主成分 分解가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 有機溶劑로 乳劑를 調製하여 50℃에서 保管시킨 後의 主成分 分解率은 極性有機溶劑인 benzene, xylene이 非極性有機溶劑인 iso-propylalcohol보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 乳化劑의 種類에 따른 主成分 分解率은 Tween 60 이 Hy-620℃ 및 Newkalgen-MC 에 比해 높게 나타났다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of distilled water, pH, uv-irradiation, carrier, emulsifier and organic solvent on the stability of butachlor formulations in the course of storage. The uv-irradiation increased the decomposition rate of butachlor formulations in the order of emulsifiable concentrate, sand coated granular and zeolite adsorbed granular. Decomposition of butachlor emulsion was not affected by water and pH. Decomposition of butachlor emulsifiable concentrate which were prepared with various organic solvents at 50℃ was higher in the polar organic solvents than in the non-polar organic solvent. Decomposition of butachlor-emulsifiable concentrate emulsified in Tween-60 was higher than in Hy-620℃ or Newkalgen-MC.

제초제 Propanil 및 그 분해산물인 DCA(3,4-dichloroaniline) 와 Humic Monomer 들과의 산화적 짝지움반응

김장억,권태동 한국농화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.5

The herbicide propanil and its metabolite, DCA were incubated with oxidative catalysts in the presence or absence of humic monomers to evaluate the incorporation of them into humic substances. Propanil and DCA underwent little or no transformation by oxidatve catalysts in the absence of humic monomers. In the presence of humic monomers, the most effective co-substrate for transformation of propanil was syringic acid by laccase and HRP, that of DCA was catechol by laccase and HRP, and protocatechmic acid by birnessite. The transformation of DCA was the highest when it was incubated with catechol at pH 8.0 during 24 hrs by laccase, and with catechol at pH 3.0 during 2 hrs by HRP, and with protocatechuic acid at pH 5.0 during 2 hrs by birnessite. The DCA transformation increased with increasing concentration of humic monomers. The transformation of DCA was increased with about 5 times when it was incubated with lactase and birnessite together than lactase alone, but that of it was not effected when it was incubated with HRP and birnessite together. When DCA was incubated with dissolved organic carbon in the presence of oxidative catalysts, the transformation of it was not increased by lactase and birnessite but increased by HRP.

작물보호제와 농산물 안전성에 대한 올바른 이해

김장억,Kim, Jang-Eok 한국작물보호협회 2009 자연과 농업 Vol.250 No.-

이제는 농업에 대한 새로운 마인드가 필요하고 과학적으로 입증된 사실에 대하여서는 절대적으로 수용한다는 자세가 필요하다. 소비자들도 농산물 중 잔류농약의 유무가 아니라 허용기준 이상인지 아닌지를 더욱 중요하게 생각하여야 한다.

오피니언 - 친환경 무상급식 가능한가?

김장억,Kim, Jang-Eok 한국작물보호협회 2010 자연과 농업 Vol.259 No.-

안전농산물에는 친환경농산물, GAP농산물, 관행농산물 중 안전성이 검증된 것 모두가 포함될 수 있다. '안전농산물 무상공급'으로 하지 않는다면 어떻게 그 많은 학교에 공급되는 모든 농산물을 친환경농산물중 유기농산물로 공급을 할 수 있겠는가?

Stress에 의한 대두의 Isoflavonoid 화합물 축적변화

김진태,김장억 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1994 慶北大農學誌 Vol.12 No.-

Soybean mosaic virus에 감수성 품종인 단경콩과 저항성 품종인 팔달콩의 cotyledon에 여러형태로 자극을 처리하였을때 유도되는 isoflavone aglycones(daidzein, genistein)와 이들 배당체들(daidzin, genistin)의 시간별 축적정도를 조사하였다. UDP-glucose, MgSO₄, HgCl₂의 처리 및 Botrytis cinerea의 감염에 의하여 두 품종 모두 isoflavone aglycones와 이들 배당체들의 함량이 대조구(water처리)와 비교하여 증가하였다. 그러나 citrate의 처리에 의해서는 isoflavone aglycones의 함량은 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었으나 isoflavone glucosides의 함량은 크게 증가하였다. UDP-glucose, MgSO₄및 HgCl₂의 처리에 의하여 isoflavone aglycones의 함량은 단경콩보다 팔달콩에서 크게 나타났다. 특히 daidzein의 경우, 단경콩보다 팔달콩에서 현저하게 크게 나타났다. 그러나 Botrytis cinerea의 감염에 의해서 daidzein의 축적 양에는 두 품종 사이에 큰 차이가 없으나 최대 축적시간은 팔달콩이 단경콩보다 빠르게 나타났다. 그리고 그 배당체인 daidzin과 genistin의 축적은 단경콩보다 팔달콩에서 모든 자극처리에의해 높게 나타났다. UDP-glucose, MgSO₄, 및 HgCl₂의 처리에 의한 daidzein과 genistein이 축적되는 양은 단경콩에서는 초기에는(24hr까지)에는 비슷하나, 48hr이후에는 daidzein의 축적이 genistein의 함량보다 크게 나타났다. 그러나 팔달콩에서는 대체로 전 기간에서 daidzein의 함량이 gezistein의 함량보다 크게 나타났다. 병원균의 감염에 의해서는 두 품종에서 모두 daidzein의 양이 genistein의 양보다 크게 나타났다. The changes of the time-dependent accumulation of isoflavone aglycones(daidzein, genistein) and their glucosides(dadzin, genistin) by various stress-inducing treatment on cotyledon of soybeans(Dankyungkong and Paldalkong) were investigated. Levels of isoflavone aglycones and their glycosides in soybeans treated with UDP-glucose, MgSO₄, and HgCl₂and infected with phytopathogen appeared to be higher than those of treatment with distilled water. When compared with data for control, the levels of isoflavone glucosides in citratetreated soybeans were increased but those of their aglycones did not appear appreciable differences. In Paldalkong treated with UDP-glucose, MgSO₄ and HgCl₂, the levels of isoflavone aglycones and their glucosides were higher than in Dankyungkong. In particular, the accumulation of daidzein in Paldalkong was significantly higher than in Dankyungkong. By infection with Botrytis cinerea, the maximum amount of accumulation of daidzein in two cultivar did not to be a large different, but accumulation time appeared more rapidly in Paldalkong than Dankyungkong. The accmulation amount of daidzein and genistein in Dankyungkong treated with elicitors appeared to be similar at initial stage, but the level of daidzein after 48hours appeared to be higher than that of genistein. In Paldalking, the level of daidzein was higher than that of genistein at all stage. The level of daidzein in soybeans infected with phytopathogen appeared to be higher than that of genestein.

안전사용기준에 따라 살포된 살균제 Tolclofos-methyl, Azoxystrobin 및 Difenoconazole의 인삼 중 잔류량

김장억,김태화,김영환,이주희,김진수,백승경,최수연,윤영남,유용만 韓國藥用作物學會 2008 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.16 No.6

The aim of this work is to assess the safety of fungicide tolclofos-methyl, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin in ginseng sprayed by safe use guideline. When tolclofos-methyl was sprayed on ginseng by safe use guideline, the residue amounts (MRL) of it in ginseng was 0.13 mg/kg which is below than 0.3 mg/kg, maximum residue limit established by Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). The residue amounts of ginseng parts, head part was 0.37 mg/kg and main body part was 0.13 mg/kg. In case of difenoconazole, the residue amounts in ginseng was 0.81 mg/kg. which was exceed the MRL, 0.2 mg/kg. By the analyze results of ginseng part, the residues of head and main body part were 3.01 and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. In experiment of vinyl mulching, the residue amount of difenoconazole in ginseng was 0.05 mg/kg. The residue amounts of azoxystrobin in ginseng sprayed by safe use guideline was 0.14 mg/kg. This residue was not exceed the MRL 0.5 mg/kg. The residue amounts by ginseng parts was 0.51 mg/kg for head part and 0.28 mg/kg for main body part. In case of vinyl mulching, the residue amount of azoxystrobin was 0.02 mg/kg.

애그플레이션 시대 작물보호제의 위상과 역할

김장억 한국농약과학회 2008 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Phthalimide系 殺菌劑가 土壤環境中 尿素의 分解에 미치는 影響

金章億 慶北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of the application of phthalimide fungicides on transformation of urea in soil environment. 1. The degradation ratio of the phthalimide fungicides was accelerated in urea-treated soil than urea-untreated soil. 2. The inhibition effects of phthalimide fungicides on urease activity in soil were largely inhibited in the early stage of experiment but nearly no effect in the late stage. 3. By the application of phthalimide fungicides, the formation of NH_4-N was increased by inhibition of nitrification and the oxidation process of NH_4-N to No_2-N was greatly affected than that of NO_2-N to NO_3-N in urea-treated soil. 4. The total number of bacteria was slightly decreased in the early stage of experiment but afterwards increased by the application of phthalimide fungicides.

고감도 신속 다종농약다성분 검색/검사법 개발 연구 - LC-MS/MS법

김장억,이상협,곽세연,홍성현,조성찬,김효정 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

내년 1월 1일부터 시행될 농약허용물질 목록 관리 제도는 기준이 설정되지 않은 농약을 일률적으로 0.01 mg/kg으로 적용하는 것이다. 이 제도를 원활히 수행하기 위해서는 이 수준을 분석할 수 있는 국가 공정 분석법의 확립이 필요하다. 본 연구는 1차 및 2차연도에 수행한 LC-MS/MS 대상 340종중 다성분 분석에 적합하다고 판단되는264성분을 선별하여 Group 1로 지칭하였으며, 해당 성분을 다종농약다성분 분석법-제2법으로 검증하고자 한다. 시료는 오렌지를 사용하였으며, 유지 농산물 분석을 위한 탈지과정을 추가한 시험법은 대두 시료를 사용하였다. 다종농약다성분 분석법-제2법에 명시된 시료량 및 추출용매량을 조절하여 시료량 10 g 및 추출용매량 20 mL로 진행하였으며, 이에 따라 시험방법을 비율에 따라 조절하였다. 264종 농약에 대한 validation test를 실시한 결과, 분석대상농약의 정량한계는 모두 0.01 mg/kg 이하로 나타났으며, matrix-matched standard calibration의 상관계수가 오렌지의 경우 0.9901-1.000으로 나타났으며, 대두는 0.8923-0.9999로 나타났다. 다성분 분석법 기준인 70∼120%, 변이계수 22% 이하의 회수율 시험을 만족하는 농약의 수는 오렌지 250성분, 대두 245성분이었다. 표준혼합용액 조제물질 검증은 pH에 따른 저장안정성 및 저장온도에 따른 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 시험 중이다.