Propylene 산화반응에서 촉매내 전달 현상의 영향

김상환,이인철,박형상 한국화학공학회 1988 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.26 No.5

Propylene 부분 산화용 tin-antimony oxide계 공업용 촉매에서 촉매내 물질전달 현상이 반응에 미치는 영향을 다공성 매질내의 물질전달에 관한 Dusty-Gas model과 Feng-Stewart model을 이용하여 검토하였다. 본 촉매반응의 경우 촉매내에 multiple solution은 생기지 않았으며, 촉매 내부 전달 현상에 의하여 propylene의 acrolein으로의 선택성은 감소하였다. 위 두 model이 서로 다른 basis를 갖고 있는데 반하여, 기공 크기가 uniform하고 촉매내에서 viscous flow가 없는 경우에는 같은 결과를 보여줌을 알 수 있다. The influence of internal diffusion on the partial oxidation of propylene on the tin-antimony oxide based catalyst has been studied. For this study, two flux relations in the porous medium (Dusty-Gas model and FengStewart model) have been adopted. In this catalytic reaction system, multiple solution problem has not happened and the internal diffusion decreases the selectivity of propylene to acrolein. The two models differ conceptually, but it has been known that they give the same result for the catalytic reaction system of uniform pore size and no net viscous flow.

경상남도 3·1운동의 전개양상과 특징

김상환 ( Kim Sang-hwan ) 부경역사연구소 2011 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.29

Regarding the chacteristics found from the development of 3ㆍ1 Movement in Gyeongnam, first of all, it was developed quite later than others but fiercer than in other regions. And it was often raised several or even tens of times in succession in one place. Especially in the places like Haman, Hadong, Changwon, Jinju, or Gimhae, hurray demonstrations occurred over 10 times in a row. Second, the demonstrating or fighting aspects show the following features. In the western inland area such as Haman, Hapcheon, or Jinju, restraining force caused even severer large-scale violent demonstrations based on regional solidarity whereas in the southeastern coastal area like Busan, Dongrae, Milyang, or Gimhae, large-scale agriculural area, or commercial center like Changmyeong-gun or Yeongsan, the demonstrations are characterized as small-scaled peaceful ones centering around students and teachers. It seems that this is related with the problems like the scale of Japanese invasion or capacity concentration of the restraining force. Third, the features found from the aspects of initiative demonstration force are as follows. In general, 3ㆍ1 Movement centered around farmers, students, Christians, and laborers. However, the participation of Buddhistic force or Yurim force is also noteworthy. In other words, Buddhistic force included Dongrae’s Beomeo-sa(梵魚寺), Hapcheon’s Haein-sa(海印寺), and Milyang’s Pyochung-sa(表忠寺) while in Haman area along with Hapcheon and Seongju, Milyang in Gyeongbuk, Yurims played initiative roles, too. Also, in Gyeongnam, Korean officers of Gun/Myeon (郡面) showed quiteactive participation as well.

Shield-TBM 터널 굴진 시 막장에 작용하는 응력 전달 메커니즘에 대한 연구

김상환(Sang -Hwan Kim),김원경(Won - Kyung Kim):이혜윤(Hye-Yoon Lee) 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2013 공업기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 Shield-TBM 면판의 구조적 안정성과 굴진 시 회전속도에 따른 터널 막장에 가해지는 응력 전이 메커니즘을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위하여 실내모형실험을 실시하였다. 모형 Shield TBM 면판의 회전속도를 2RPM, 4RPM으로 설정하여 굴진 시와 정지 시의 막장 응력상태를 측정하고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 회전속도가 증가할수록 터널 전반부에 가해지는 응력분포는 변화되었으며, 면판의 중앙에 응력이 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 Cutter Head의 응력 변화에 대한 기초적 메커니즘은 향후 Shield-TBM의 Operation parameter 선정 시 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단되며,지반 조건에 적합한 TBM 면판의 설계 개발에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. This paper presents stress transfer mechanism on tunnel iace and structural stability of Shield-TBM Cutter Head according to rotational speed during shield tunnelling. In order to perform tm s study, the small scale model tests were conducted. The RPM of Cutter Head(Disc Cutter, Cutter Bit) set up 2RPM, 4RPM. The stresses acting on the tunnel face are measured and analyzed. It is found th a t the stress acting on the tunnel face is increased and concentrated in the center of the cutter head with increasing the rotational speed. This stress transfer mechanism developed at the tunnel face during shield tunnelling is very useful information to design and develop the TBM cutter head especially spoke of machine.

쉴드TBM의 현장 디스크커터 관입깊이에 대한 연구

김상환,박인준,장수호,Kim, Sang-Hwan,Park, In-Joon,Chang, Soo-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2013 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

이 연구는 TBM의 디스크커터 관입깊이에 대하여 실질적인 현장을 통하여 평가한 것이다. 연구를 위하여 설계시 적용되는 디스크커터 관입깊이에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한 대상 현장에 대한 지반특성에 대하여 검토하고 현장에 투입된 장비에 대한 적용성에 대하여 분석하였다. 특히 장비의 용량분석을 실시하여 적합성에 대하여 평가하였다. 이러한 평가결과와 현장 공사자료를 근거로 실질적인 TBM의 공사량과 굴진속도를 분석하였다. 이 결과로부터 설계시 적용된 TBM의 디스크커터 관입깊이에 대하여 재평가 하였다. 연구 결과로부터 설계시 적용되는 디스크커터 관입깊이는 특히 극경암 지반($S_c$ >150 MPa)에 있어서 적용값의 변경이 필요하다는 것을 명백히 보여주었다. This paper describes the evaluation of shield TBM disc cutter penetration depth in practice. In this study the disc cutter penetration depth used to design the excavation speed of tunnel is reviewed. The characteristics of ground encountered in the investigation site are analysed and evaluated. The shield TBM used in the field is reviewed to verify the applicability of machine in the site. The thrust and torque capacities of each TBM disc cutter are also evaluated. Based on the field data, the excavation volume and speed are re-analysed to evaluate the disc cutter penetration depth used in the design stage. It is clearly found that the design value of disc cutter penetration depth needs to modify when estimation of the TBM capacities in very hard rock formation ($S_c$ >150 MPa).

얕은 기초 형상과 위치에 따른 터널 거동에 대한 연구

김상환(Kim Sang Hwan),김명식(Kim Myeong Sik),김진대(Kim Jin Dae) 대한토목학회 2010 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.10

심박동수 변이와 질병의 중증도와의 관계

김상환,황희진,김재원,심재용,이혜리 대한가정의학회 2005 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Background: In severity of illness index, there is an acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) scoring system which was modified to APACHE III in 1990. Heart rate variability (HRV) studies for the intensive care unit (ICU) patients provides an indirect but noninvasive probe of autonomic cardiovascular control. Therefore, we intended to find out the relationship between the APACHE III score and the HRV variables in ICU patients. Methods: We examined 22 patients in medical ICU of one college hospital from April to May of 2003, excluding patients with cardiac disorders, neurologic disorders or surgical diseases. We also examined 22 patients in general wards of family medicine. We checked the APACHE III during the 24 hours of admission, and examined the HRV on the second day of admission and then the total power (TP), normalized low frequency (LFnorm), low frequency/ high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) and approximate entropy (ApEn). Results: The average of TP (msec2) were 538.9±896.7 in ICU patients and 1605.3±3091.8 in patients of general ward. The average APACHE III score was 35.9±18.5 and by Pearson correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between the APACHE III score and the log (TP) was -0.58 (P=0.005). Conclusion: We found that the medical ICU patients had more decreased autonomic function than the patients of general ward, and there was a negative correlation with the APACHE III score and the disease severity 연구배경: 질병의 중증도를 평가하는 방법에는, acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 점수 체계가 있으며 90년대 들어 APACHE III로 수정되었다. 심박동수 변이는 자율신경계의 심혈관 조절에 대한 정보를 간접적이지만 비침습적으로 제공하고 있다. 이에 중환자에 있어 APACHE III 점수와 심박동수 변이 변수들의 관계에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 2003년 4월과 5월 사이 일개 대학병원 중환자실에 입원한 환자 중 심장질환, 뇌질환, 외과계 환자를 제외한 22명을 대상으로 하였다. 대조군은 대학병원 가정의학과에 입원한 환자 중에서 나이, 성별로 짝짓기를 하여 22명을 선정하였다. 입원 2일째, 입원 후 24시간 동안의 환자상태로 APACHE III 점수를 부여하고, 심박동수 변이를 시행하여 total power (TP), normalized low frequency (LFnorm), low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio)와 approximate entropy (ApEn)를 구하였다. 결과: 심박동수 변이에서 TP (msec2)는 중환자실에 입원한 환자에서 538.9±896.7이고, 일반병실에 입원한 환자는 1605.3±3091.8였다. Log (TP)는 중환자실에 입원한 환자가 일반병실에 입원한 환자보다 작았으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(P=0.003). 중환자에 있어 APACHE III의 평균 점수는 35.0±18.2였으며, APACHE III 점수와 log (TP)의 피어슨 상관분석 결과 상관계수 -0.582으로 유의하였다(P=0.005). 결론: 중환자실에 입원한 환자의 경우 일반 병실환자보다 전반적인 자율신경계 기능이 감소되어 있으며, 심박동수 변이가 작을수록 질병의 중증도는 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

박동환의 3표론과 현대 차이의 철학

김상환 ( Sang Hwan Kim ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2011 人文科學 Vol.93 No.-

데카르트의 정념론과 그 이후

김상환 ( Sang Hwan KIM ) 한국기호학회 2010 기호학연구 Vol.28 No.-

This paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, I analyze and expose main themes of Descartes` Passions of Soul(1649) to make clear originalities and inner limits of the Cartesian problematics of passions in a historical perspective: main themes such as status given to theoretical elaboration on passions in Cartesian system, problem concerning how to define and classify passions, significant value accorded to inner emotion and generosity in Cartesian moral. In the second part, I try to reveal singular points around which Cartesian conception of passions is transformed and succeeded by post Cartesian philosophers such as Hobbes, Spinoza, and Kant, my principal argument being that not only Spinoza`s idea of amor intellectualis Dei, but also Kant`s notions of respect for moral law and the sublime, which play decisive role respectively in his second and third critics, is to be understood as historico logical consequences of Cartesian idea of inner emotion.

데리다의 글쓰기와 들뢰즈의 사건: 구조주의 수용의 두 양상

김상환 ( Sang Hwan Kim ) 한국기호학회 2011 기호학연구 Vol.29 No.-

What is the ultimate condition of the possibility of language? Where is the boundary which separate the linguistic world and the pre-linguistic? How can pre-linguistic elements like noise become human words? Regarding Derrida`s Of Grammatology (1967) and Deleuze`s Logic of Sense (1969) as responses to those ancient questions since Plato and Aristotle, I analyse in this paper two texts so as to make clear the senses of two key concepts, archi-writing and event, which play respectively fundamental role in each book. And I compare two concepts so as to make appear the main points where they converge and diverge. In this work of comparison, I intend finally to show two different philosophical ways of appropriating structuralism and two different ways of post-structuralist philosophy of language.

간찰을 통해 본 扶安金氏家의 교유관계 : 陶菴 李?가 醉醒堂 金守宗에게 보낸 親筆 簡札을 중심으로

김상환(Kim Sang-hwan) 한국학중앙연구원 2004 장서각 Vol.- No.12

Ganchal (簡札, handwritten letters) was one of the most widely used forms of written communication by which the men of old could exchange information among themselves. The form and substance of ganchal differed according to the relationship between the sender and the recipient. Studies on ganchal are stagnant because ganchal is not only hard to understand but illegible in most cases due to the difficulty in understanding the writing style in cursive (草書) or semi-cursive (行書) script. This paper analyzes the contents and the characteristics on ganchal which was sent by Lee Jae (李縡, 1680~1746, pen name of Doam 陶菴) to Kim Soo-Jong (金守宗, 1671~1736, pen name of Chwiseongdang 醉醒堂) and has been handed down within the Buan Kim family since then. this study shows the aspects of their companionship. Lee Jae is from Woobong Lee clan (牛峯李氏) and Kim Soo-Jong is from Buan Kim clan (扶安金氏). They were closely related to each other because the two families were connected through marriage in that the mother of Kim Soo-Jong was a daughter of Lee Man-Hee (李晩熙) from the Woobong Lee clan. Of the 50 ganchal sent to Kim Soo-Jong by Lee Jae, 19 included in the book entitled Gancheop (間帖, Collection of Ganchal) and 31 in Doam sudok (陶菴手牘, Handwritten Letters by Doam) have been handed down to date. These 50 ganchal were not included in the Doamjip (陶菴集, Collection of Doam's Works) at all, and Kim Soo-Jong's works were not published in the form of a book in his life time, much less posthumously. However, the ganchal with which literary men like Lee Jae and the family of Kim Soo-Jong corresponded are very valuable materials to Buan Kim clan, resulting in the publication of collected works. Gandok (簡牘, Printed Version of Ganchal from Doam and Other Scholars) is one book divided into three chapters with 116 ganchal sent by 44 people. The third chapter includes 28 ganchal sent by Lee Jae sent to Kim Soo-Jong. Lee Jae, a scholar in the late Joseon dynasty period (朝鮮), was an outstanding scholar in calligraphy. The characteristics of the 50 ganchal which he sent to Kim Soo-Jong are as below: First, ganchal written by his own hand with which he corresponded with Kim Soo-Jong for 41 years from 1701 to 1742. Second, Lee Jae lived in Seoul, Injae (麟蹄) in Gangwon Province, and then Hwajeon (花田) in Goyang, etc, and Kim Soo-Jong lived in Wooban-dong in Buan. Third, ganchal was not sent or received from Doam when Kim Soo-Jong was involved in the Musin Rebellion (戊申亂) of 1728 and suffered hardships. This seems to be due to his attempt to avoid any suspicion of being linked to the rebellion. Fourth, the content of the ganchal varied, ranging from asking after the welfare of the recipient as well as the daily activities in purchasing and management of the farm. Due to the fact that the Woobong Lee clan and the Buan Kim clan were related by marriage, not only Lee Jae but four generations from his grandfather, Lee Suk (李?, 1626~1688), and his father's older brother, Lee Man-Sung (李晩成, 1659~1722), to his son, Lee Jae-Won (李濟遠), and a niece of collateral family corresponded with each other. The contents of ganchal are various as follows ① asking after the welfare; ② sending of condolences; ③ sending of gifts or expressing gratitude for gift and warm friendship; ④ introducing his friend who was being exiled and asking for adequate arrangements for him; ⑤ sending of congratulations and admonitions; ⑥ entrusting of household affairs; ⑦ writer's recent state of affairs. The contents of ganchal, however, did not contain scholarly attainments, moral cultivation, opinions on the current state of politics. Through ganchal, the scholars of old kept in touch with each other by exchanging news of neighboring families, relatives, friends, and the government. If we analyze ganchal in conjunction with other documentary records, ganchal can become a valuable foundation for understanding matters that cannot be clearly understood through other material