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金文琯 제주대학교 1969 논문집 Vol.1 No.-
This article is about the effect of foreign trade on the domestic distribution of income in static equilibrium and it consists of three parts; introduction, Heckscher-Ohlin theorem and the effect of the protective tariff on the domestic distribution of income. (1) The introduction is a study on the meaning of distribution and the necessary condition for which we can treat the effect of foreign trade on the domestic distribution of income. J. M. Clark said that there are three kinds of distribution-contractual distribution, personal distribution and functional distribution and that economists have treated only the functional distribution. A. C. Pigou explained that it is because one person has not a single factor of production, but many factors. Classic economists considered the quality of the factors of production as the same when they studied foreign trade. J. E. Cairens, however, said that the factors of production are not the same quality, but that there are non-competing groups and that competition can not be done freely between these groups. Haberler also said that we must assume that there are many different qualities of labor as well as factors of production. It means the various levers of wages for that the quality of factors of production are different and so. We can study the effect of foreign trade on domestic distribution of income. Ⅱ) The content of Heckscher-Ohlin theorem is about the decision of foreign trade patterns of each country and equalization of factor prices between trade countries. In the mean, since this article is on income distribution, only the equalization of factor prices between trade countries shall be discussed. Eli Herkscher assumed that the quality of factors of production has no change, moved freely between industries, and a constant of amount of factors of production in a country, even if the country begins foreign trade. He also assumed that the levels of techniques are the same between trade countries, and that there is not the possibility of substitution among the factors of production. Foreign trade takes place because of the difference of comparative cost, and free trade makes absolute prices of all commodities equal and this makes not only relative prices of factors of production, but absolute prices equal. Ohlin also supported the theorem of factor price equalization as Heckscher did. But their explaining process is different. Heckscher insisited that production techniques of similar goods are the same even if the relative prices of factors of production are different, and this is what makes the comparative cost of each goods different. On the contrary, Ohlin said that the technique coefficient of similar goods is different, because relative prices of factors of production are different in each country. Therefore, the result is that the comparative costs are unequal. Ⅲ) Samuelson and Stolper insisted that a protective tariff makes domestic prices of imported goods higher than those of exported goods, so free trade makes the standards of living of laborers worse in a country which has relative scarcity of labor. But Metzler explained that the theory of Samuelson and Stolper is right only when the elasticity of demand of the importing country to the commodity of exporting country is larger than I, but if the demand of the importing country is inelastic, all of the tariff revenue is used for being exported commodities. In conclusion I tried to apply this theory to our country, but now it is beyond my ability.
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金文琯 제주대학 1979 논문집 Vol.11 No.1
Capital has become the most thing in developing the economy of developing countries. But lately it is believed that technology also is important as much as capital. Today there are opinions that developing countries are favorable because of technological accumulation of advanced countries. But in the actual it is not necessarily so. It is the reasons that most of the technology of advanced countries does not suit developing countries in reality and brains of developing countries flow out. The facing technological problems in developing countries are the following: (1) Organizations of technology in developing countries are weak. (2) Decisions on direction of technology in advanced countries and its influences on the developing countries. (3) The brains of developing countries flow out. (4) It is difficult that developing countries obtain the technology of the world. (5) Developing countries are unfamiliar with applications of new technology. There are two ways in solving the facing technological problems in developing countries. First, developing countries develop their technology themselves. Second, they obtain technologies from abroad. But the former is more important than the latter. In future developing countries have to take a serious view of technology as much as capital in order to succeed in the development of their economy.
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金文琯 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.2
The trade of this period between Korea and Japan mainly had been carried out by the necessity of Japan. Japan totally was an unfavorable balance of trade through this period. The variation of the two countries trade in this period had been largely influenced by the relation between China. Through this period, Japan had mainly exported industrial goods and Korea had mainly exported agricultural products. In the beginning of this period, the export goods of Japan was mainly the industrial goods imported from the other countries, but in the end the export goods of Japan was more the industrial goods of her than the goods imported from other countries. Japan had taken advantage of Korea as the market of supply agricultural products and ale of industrial capital of Japan had been established, the industrial capital of Korea had been destroyed.
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金文琯 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.18 No.2
From now on 1608 year, the diplomatic relations and trade between Lee Dynasty and Japan were reopened. There were the two type's trades. One was the governmental trade that Japan paid tribute to Lee Dynasty, the other was commercial trade. The records on the commercial trade had not been known since quite recently, but a part of the records have been found several years ago. In the result, the trade amount between Lee Dynasty and Japan has been known more than the amount supposed. The purpose of this essay is to examine the commercial trade amount between Lee Dynasty and Japan around these records. In that time, the important trade commodities were silt, ginseng, cotton cloth, silver and copper. Lee Dynasty exported silk, ginseng and cotton cloth to Japan, and imported silver and copper from Japan. The imported silver from Japan had been mainly used in the commercial trade with China, and copper had been mainly used with the material of copper coin. The silk that Japan had imported was produced in China, and it had been used in a life luxury of the aristocratic class. Ginseng had been used with Chinese medicine. On the other hand, Japan had trade with China through Nagasaki. Therefore, when the trade amount through Nagasaki increased, there was a decrease tendency of the trade amount between Lee Dynasty and Japan. But the commercial trade amount between Lee Dynasty and China in that time is uncertain. In order to study concretely the trade amount with Japan, I think that we have to examine the commercial trade between Lee Dynasty and China.
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김문관 ( Mun-kwan Kim ),박수현 ( Su-hyeon Park ),강형철 ( Hyeong-cheol Kang ),박용석 ( Yong-seok Park ),안영일 ( Young-il An ),이춘우 ( Chun-woo Lee ),박수봉 ( Su-bong Park ) 한국어업기술학회 2018 수산해양기술연구 Vol.54 No.2
In this study, we tested Japanese trolling lines in the Jeju fishery. This fishery simulates the natural marine environment with many seabed rocks, and has been redesigned and manufactured it to be suitable for the Jeju fishery. In order to ensure that the trolling lines were deployed at the inhabitation depth of hairtails, the conditions required for the fishing gear to reach the target depth were determined for use during the experiment. The experimental test fishing was conducted at the depth of 120 m water in front of Jeju Seongsanpo and in the offshore area of Jeju Hanlim. The fishing gear used in the test fishing is currently used in a variety of field operations in Japan. However, several problems were identified, such as twisting of the line during its deployment and excessive sinking of the main line. The fishing gear was, therefore, redesigned and manufactured to be more suitable for the Jeju fishery environment. For the fishing gear to accurately reach the target depth, depth loggers were installed at the starting point of the main line and at the 250 m and 340 m points of the line. Depth and time were recorded every 10 seconds. According to the daytime positioning of hairtails in the lower water column, the target depth of the fishing gear was set at 100-110 m, which was 10-20 m above the sea floor. At a speed of 1.9 knots and with a 9 kg sinker attached, the main fishing line was deployed and catch yields at depths of 100 m, 150 m and 180 m were recorded and analyzed. When the 180 m main line was fully deployed, the time for the hairtail trolling lines to arrive at the appropriate configuration had to be 5 minutes. At this time, the depth of the fishing gear was 16-23 m above the sea floor, in accordance with the depths at which the hairtails were during the day. In addition, in order to accurately place the fishing gear at the inhabitation water depth of hairtails, the experimental test fishing utilized the results of the depth testing that identified the conditions required for the fishing gear to reach the target depth, and the result was a catch of up to 97 kg a day.
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