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박찬국 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1
Sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalamine) analogues arc most commonly used to treat mild or moderately active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and to maintain remission. Sulfasalazine, which consists of a sulfonamide antibiotic (sulfapyridine) linked by an azoUbond with an antiinflammatory salicvlate (mesalamine). Sulfasalazine is poorly absorbed in the upper digestive tract and is split in the colon by bacteria into sulfapyridine and mesalamine. Sulfapyndinc is absorbed from the colon, undergoes acctylation in the liver, and is excreted in urine. Mesalamine is poorly absorbed from the colon and is excreted in the fcces after acetylation by colonic bacteria or within the colonic epithelium. The primary fecal metabolite, N-acetyl-aminosalicylic acid, is inactive because of limited epithelial uptake. Formulations of mesalamine have been developed to maximize its release at sites of inflammation while limiting its absorption. For oral administration, it has been formulated within acid stable enteric delivery systems or conjugated with alternative, carriers. Olsalazine, an aminosalicylic acid dimer, requires bacterial azo-reduction, like sulfasalazine, but releases two molecules of aminosalicylic acid into the colon. A primary advantage of the newer mesalamine derivatives over sulfasalazine is the improved tolerance. This benefit of mesalamine must be weighed, however, against the considerably lower cost of sulfasalazine. Rare hypersensitivity reactions, including pneumonitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and worsening of colitis, have been reported with mesalamine. Aminosalicylates have been used in women during pregnancy and breastfceding and in children without untoward effects. Topical formulations of mesalamine are effective as first-line therapy for mild or moderately active disease and as maintenance therapy for distal ulcerative colitis. Mesalamine enemas are also effective in treating distal colitis that is unresponsive to oral aminosalicylates or corticosteroids. Oral aminosalicylates are effective in treating mild or moderately active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and in maintaining remission in both diseases. A dose response relation is apparent with both active and maintenance therapy, although with maintenance treatment.
神에 대한 硏究 : ≪黃帝內徑≫을 中心으로 focus on ≪Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)≫
丁彰炫,朴贊國 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1996 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.19 No.2
This thesis was written in order to help set the groundwork of a new medicine based on Shin(神). This new medicine is an advanced system of Hyung(形) focused western medicine and Ki(氣) oriented eastern medicine. In this thesis, I examined the text, 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》and analyzed the important points relating to Shin(神), such as classification, faculty, properties. Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》is classified according to either its hierarchy or its faculty. Hierarchically, Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》has two levels; "Cosmos Shin"(天神) and "Human Shin"(人神). Cosmos Shin(天神), which is the "Great Law" is the basis of creation, change, development, extinction of all things in the universe including human. "Human Shin" which represents Shin(神) at the mundane level is the "Basic Principle" of human life, speaking broadly and mental function in a narrow sense. In terms of faculty, Shin(神) in 《Huangdineijing(黃帝內經)》is divided into Shin-myung(神明), Shin-ki(神氣) and Jeong-Shin(精神). Shin-myung(神明) is not only the "Basic Law" which has control over the movements and changes of the universe, but also the "Basic Principle" of human life. Shin-ki(神氣), it can be said, forms of Shin's expression. It means that Shin(神) reveals itself by means of Ki(氣). Jeong-Shin(精神) means mental function which dwells in the body and has a control over thinking, consciousness and judgment. In other words, Shin-myung(神明) indicates Shin's property of controlling or regulating, Shin-ki(神氣) indicates Shin's activity, and Jeong-Shin(精神) indicates both the Shin(神) and body united. In conclusion, all of the aforementioned are only classifications dividing the one Shin(神). Although the Shin may be classified according to the particular situation, it is still the one Shin.