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다차원적 사회자본 양성을 통한 도시재생 역량 구축 방안 연구 -노후불량주거지의 재생을 중심으로-
장세훈,이진석,민은주 부산연구원 2014 연구보고서 학연연구 Vol.2014 No.0
Recently the social needs for urban regeneration in the metropolitan cities have been increasing, but even now the alternative urban policies are poor and insufficient. In this context, especially focusing on the urban redevelopment in Busan, this study attempts to find a new empowerment strategy for urban regeneration from the perspectives of social capital and civil publicity. In Busan, urban redevelopment projects from I960's to 2000's have been enforced in various ways. These projects improved the physical landscapes of old towns, but destroyed the residents housings and local community, resulting in new social problems and social conflict. Therefore a new type of urban redevelopment projects was needed and the Sanbokdoro renaissance project was born in 2011. This study tried to approach this project by means of in-depth interview. The total of 13 people, who participated in the Sanbokdoro project as government officers, social activists and residents, was interviewed in three areas of this project: Gamcheon cultural village, Anchang village and District 9 in Choryang-dong. The findings of this research can be summarized like this. First of all, the case of Gamcheon cultural village is recognized as one of the successful urban regeneration projects in Busan. District officers, social activists, and residents have developed their partnerships, which resulted in the enlargement of social capital and the local development. Especially social activists, who invited various local development projects from central and local governments and made local residents engaged in these projects, played an important role in urban regeneration. They also succeeded to lead officers and residents to cooperate with each other. Secondly, Anchang village is known as one of the hinterlands in Busan as much as Gamcheon cultural village. This geographical character made its residents unite themselves in their community. Moreover a social activist made multilateral efforts to help residents reduce their distrust to government. The unity of local community and the partnership between them and government vitalized local development and its urban regeneration. But the resignation of the social activist waekened the partnership between the public and the private, which prevented local community from furthering its development. Lastly, the area of District 9 in Charyang-dong is a typical old town in metropolitan Busan, where its residents were heterogeneous and indifferent to local community. And the officers were not interested in local regeneration. Therefore, in spite of every effort of a social activist, the social relationship between residents and the government was weak and unstable. In result, the effect of the Sanbokdoro project in this area was nothing but its physical improvement and the formation of local community could not be found. After all, policy implications of this study are as follows: Firstly, it is necessaryto take a considerable notice of geographical and social settings of urban regeneration. Secondly, the exaggeration of the leading role of residents in urban regeneration needs to be reconsidered. Instead of this, More attentions to supports from the side and from the above to them need to be paid. Thirdly, the key-point of the success of urban regeneration is whether the organic solidarity among the major actors such as the residents, the government officers and social activists is or not. Fourthly, the role of social activists is very important in forming and reproducing social capital among the major actors. Because they have functioned as bonding agents and negotiators between the public and the private in the process of urban regeneration. Lastly, the experiments of urban regeneration should head toward the comprehensive regeneration of local community and the expansion of the civil publicity beyond the physical improvement of local community.