실시간 레이더 편파변수 오차 보정 프로그램 개발

윤정수,황석환,강나래,이동률,이건행 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.12

강우레이더는 시공간적으로 높은 해상도의 레이더 강우를 제공하고 있으며, 이러한 레이더 강우는 초단기 예측 강우 모형의 입력자료로 활용 될 수 있다. 한국건설기술연구원은 레이더 강우로부터 추정된 초단기 예측 강우 자료를 활용하여 돌발홍수 예측 정보를 실시간으로 제공할 수 있는 돌발홍수 예측시스템을 개발하였다. 그러나 레이더 편파변수에 오차가 존재하는 경우 레이더 강우의 정확도는 낮게 나타날 수밖에 없으며, 이에 따라 초단기 예측 강우 자료의 정확도 역시도 낮게 나타날 수밖에 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 레이더 강우의 정확도를 실시간으로 향상시키기 위해 레이더 편파변수 오차를 실시간으로 보정하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 비슬산 레이더의 과거 363개의 강우사례에 편파변수 편의 보정에 따른 효과를 비실시간으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 편파변수의 오차 보정 시 레이더 강우의 정확도(1-NE) 수준은 약 70% 내외의 수준으로 나타났으며 상관계수는 0.8 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 실시간 편파변수 오차 보정 프로그램을 수행한 결과에서도 레이더 강우의 정확도(1-NE)를 약 70% 내외의 수준까지 향상시킬 수 있었다. Rain radar provides high spatio-temporal radar rainfall that can be used as input data to short-term precipitation forecasting models. Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) has developed a flash flood forecasting system that is providing flash flood forecasting based on short-term rainfall forecasts estimated by the radar rainfall. Accuracy of the radar rainfall as well as the short-term rainfall forecasts, however, can deteriorate when radar polarimetric variables have error. In this study, we develope real-time program that can correct the error inherent in the radar polarimetric variables. First, effect according to the correction of the error was verified using 363 rainfall events on non real-time. The accuracy (1-NE) of the radar rainfall was approximately 70% and correlation coefficient was higher than 0.8 after correcting the error on non real-time. The accuracy (1-NE) using the real-time program was also approximately 70% after correcting the error.

황해 중앙부 해역 니질 퇴적물의 지화학적 특성 및 퇴적률

윤정수,김여상 한국제4기학회 2002 제사기학회지 Vol.16 No.1

황해 중앙부 해역에 분포하는 니토대의 공급지와 퇴적작용을 파악할 목적으로 이곳 니질 퇴적물에서 채취한 4개의 시료에서 분석한 화학조성과 기존의 황하, 양자강 및 한반도의 금강 퇴적물 등의 지화학적 자료와 비교하고 퇴적률을 추정하였다. 연구지역 표층 퇴적상의 분포는 사질 퇴적상이 분포하는 동쪽지역, 니토대가 분포하는 서쪽지역, 중앙부지역에 남북방향의 대상분포를 보이는 혼합 퇴적상으로 구분된다. 퇴적물내 탄산염 함량은 2.B~10.5%의 범위를 보이고 사질 퇴적물이 분포하는 동쪽보다 니질 퇴적물이 분포하는 서쪽으로 갈수록 점차 증가하는 경향을 보인다 Pb-210 동위원소를 이용한 연구지역 니질 퇴적물의 퇴적률은 0.21~0.68cm/yr 혹은 0.176~0.714 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$.yr의 범위를 보였다. 황하와 가까운 산둥반도 동쪽 정점 CY96010에서 퇴적률은 0.68cm/yr 혹은 0.714g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. yr의 높은 값을 보이고, 황해 중앙부 해역 정점 CY96008과 CY96002에서 퇴적률은 0.21~0.23cm/yr혹은 0.176~0.220g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. yr로 낮은 값을 보여 황하기원 퇴적물이 황해 중앙부 해역까지 이동되어 퇴적되고 있음을 의미한다. 황해 중앙부 해역 니질 퇴적물의 화학조성 중 Ca, Na, Sr, Ho, La, Tb 및 Ta원소함량과 Ca/Ti비는 양자강 퇴적물보다는 높고, 황하보다는 낮거나 이와 비슷한 함량 변화 경향을 보였고, Fe, Ti, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sc, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd 및 Dy 원소함량은 황하 퇴적물 보다는 높고, 양자강보다는 낮으나 이와 비슷한 함량변화를 보였다. 반면, Mn, K 및 Sr 원소는 금강과 황해 동쪽의 퇴적물보다는 낮으나 이와 비슷한 함유량을 보였고, Zn, Rb, Cd, U, Cs 및 Li 원소는 비교지역 보다 높은 함량치를 보였다. 따라서 황해 중앙부 해역에 분포하는 니질 퇴적물의 공급지는 황하 및 고황하기원 물질이고, 이외에 양자강과 금강으로부터 공급된 물질과 황해 난류수에 의해 운반된 생물기원 물질의 영향도 다소 있는 것으로 해석된다. A total of 4 muddy sediment samples collected from the Central Yellow Sea were analyzed for chemical composition. The results are compared with the previously published Huanghe, Changjiang and Keum River geochemical data in order to understand provenance and sedimentation of fine-grained mud, and the sediment accumulation rates estimated. The sandy sediment facies is distributed in the eastern area, a patch of fine-grained mud exists in the western central prat, and the sandy mud and clay sedimentary facies shot. north to south zonal distribution in the central region. The content of calcium carbonate ranges from 2.8 to 10.5%, and its distributional trends to be more concentrated on the western muddy sediments near toward the China side rather than on the eastern sandy sediments. The accumulation rates obtained using Pb-210 geochronologies for the muddy sediments in the Central Yellow Sea showed ranges from 0.21 to 0.68 cm/yr or 0.176 to 0.714 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. yr. The sedimentation rate from core CY96010 located in the eastern near side of Shandong Peninsula which is affected by the Huanghe River shows 0.68 cm/yr or 0.714 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ . yr. The sediment cores CY96008 and CY96002 in the Central Yellow Sea, the estimated of sediment accumulation rates shows 0.21~0.23cm1yr or 0.176~0.220 9/$\textrm{cm}^2$.Vr respectively, which are much lower than above samples. These indicate that the muddy sediments in central area of the Yellow Sea may have received influence of the sediment discharge from the Huanghe River. The concentrations of Ca, Na, Sr, Ho, La, Tb, Ta and Ca/Ti ratio of the muddy sediments in the Central Yellow Sea are higher than those of the Changjiang sediments and lower than those of the Huanghe sediments. However, these element values showed similar concentration patterns than those of the Huanghe sediment. The element contents such as Fe, Ti, Nl, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sc, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Cd and Dy in the study area are higher than those of the Huanghe sediments and lower than the Changjiang River sediments, but these values showed close to resemblance content trends those of the Changjiang sediment. The concentration of Mn, K and Sr in sediments of the study area are similar to those of the Keum River and eastern Yellow Sea sediment. They are rich in Zn, Rb, Cd, U, Cs and Li than those of the other comparison legions. Therefore, the terrigenous materials sources of the muddy sediment in the Central Yellow Sea comes mainly from Huanghe River in the past and present, and also have party derived from the Changjiang and Keum River, while the biological deposit in this area are carried by the Yellow Sea Warm Current.

옥방(玉房) 중석광상(重石鑛床)의 성인(成因)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -특(特)히 남부광체(南部鑛體)에 대(對)하여-

윤정수,Youn, Jeung Su 대한자원환경지질학회 1979 자원환경지질 Vol.12 No.4

The Nambu orebodies of the Okbang tungsten mine are hosted in the Precambrian amphibolite and Weonnam formation. These orebodies can be classified into two types; The scheelite-bearing ore vein occurring in the amphibolite (the Nambu 1, 2 adits) and tungsten-bearing quartz vein along the contact between the amphibolite and the Weonnam formation (the Young-ho, -1, -2, -3 levels). The scheelite-bearing ore vein in the amphilbolite is discontinuous, narrow, and highly irregular in geometry, occurring only within the amphibolite with which of the vein is graduational. Based on these feature of the mode of occurrence, the origin of this ore type might be attributed to a potential segregation of tungsten ore fluid in situ from hornblenditic basic magma of the host rock. Tungsten-bearing quartz vein, however, is considered to have deposited along the N30-60E trending fractures as a later hypothermal vein after the hornblendite was emplaced. The principal ore mineral is scheelite with minor amount of wolframite, and the gangue minerals are quartz, and small amounts of fluorite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and calcite. Fluid inclusion study of minerals from the Nambu orebody reveals that the fluids in fluorite of the scheelite-bearning ore vein attained a temperature range of $208{\sim}256^{\circ}C$ and those in quartz from the tungsten-bearing quartz vein a temperature range of $220{\sim}357^{\circ}C$. The real formation temperatures can be somewhat higher than filling temperatures, if pressure correction is made. Chemical analysis of 8 amphibolitc samples on major and some trace elements indicate that the amphibolite is igneous origin. On a Niggli diagram (al-alk)versus c, the analytical values are plotted on an igneous field, and on a Niggli diagram mg versus c they follow a karroo igneous trend line. According to the Ba, Cr, and Ni versus Niggli mg plots suggested by Leake (1964), Okbang amphibolite fall outside a pelitic field and compare favorably with his plots form ortho-amphibolites. Analitical values of $MoO_3$ of 8 samples of scheelite minerals from the Nambu orebody indicate that the tungsten-bearing quartz vein (type n) of Nambu orebody shows a range from 1. 69% to 4.38% which is higher than 0.94%~3.25% $MoO_3$ for the scheelite-bearing ore vein (type I). This fact indicates that the type II was deposited in a lower $fO_2/higher$ $fO_2$ environment and under lower temperature than the type I. Analysis of major components $WO_3$, MnO, and FeO of 6 samples of wolframite from the type II veins revealed that they contain 73.35~76.2% $WO_3$, 7.94~11.63% MnO, and 10.53~14.82% FeO. MnO/FeO ratios of wolframite shows the range of 0.85~1.17 which suggests a slightly higher temperature type of deposits than other major tungsten deposits in the country.

$^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$비를 이용한 동중국해 대륙붕 퇴적물의 기원 연구

윤정수,임동일,변종철,정회수,Youn, Jeung-Su,Lim, Chong-Il,Byun, Jong-Cheol,Jung, Hoi-Soo 한국해양학회 2005 바다 Vol.10 No.1

동중국해 대륙붕 니질 퇴적물의 기원을 밝히기 위해 퇴적물 중 주성분 원소들의 함량과 스트론튬 동위원소 비를 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 황하 및 양쯔 강 기원으로 추정되는 퇴적물의 자료와 비교 연구 하였다. 연구해역 퇴적물은 평균입도 $4{\sim}7\;\Phi$ 범위의 니질 퇴적상으로 구성되며, 탄산염 함량은 $3.9{\sim}11.5%$(평균 7.6%)범위이다 연구해역에서 대부분의 원소들의 함량과 공간 변화는 퇴적물의 입도와 해양 기원 물질 등 다양한 요인에 의해 조절되며, 그 결과 퇴적물의 근원지에 따른 원소들의 함량 차이를 구분하는 것은 어려운 것으로 판단된다. 니질($63\;{\mu}m$ 이하) 퇴적물 부분만을 대상으로 탄산염을 제거한 후, 스트론튬 동위원소를 분석한 결과 연구해역 퇴적물의 $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ 비는 $0.71445{\sim}0.72184$(평균 0.71747) 범위였으며, 양쯔 강 기원으로 해석되는 퇴적물의 $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$비는 $0.71197{\sim}0.71720$ 범위로, $0.72126{\sim}0.72498$ 범위의 값을 갖는 황하 강 기원으로 추정되는 퇴적물(산동반도 주변 해역 및 황해 중앙니질 퇴적물)보다 뚜렷이 낮다. 따라서 스트론튬 동위원소의 $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$비는 황하 강과 양쯔 강 기원의 퇴적물을 구분해 주는 유용한 지화학적 지시자로 제시될 수 있다. 또한, 연구해역의 니질 퇴적물은 기존의 연구결과와 달리 양쯔 강 기원이 우세한 것으로 해석되며, 최근 황해와 동중국해에서 보고된 퇴적물 이동 패턴과 물리.화학적 특성 자료는 이러한 해석을 뒷받침한다. To discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the East China Sea, textural and elemental compositions along with strontium isotopic ratio ($^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$) were analyzed and compared with the sediments originated from Chinese rivers. The sediments in the study area are composed of fine-grained mud with a mean grain size of $47\;{\phi}$ and their $CaCO_3$, contents range from 3.9 to 11.5% (average 7.6%). In the study area, the content of most metallic elements are strongly constrained by sediment grain size (quartz dilution effect) and that of biogenic material and, thereby, their spatial distribution seems not enough for understanding sediment provenance in the study area. The muddy sediments of the Yangtze river have much lower $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratio ($0.71197{\sim}0.71720$) than the Yellow Sea shelf muddy sediments which are supposed to be originated from the Huanghe river ($0.72126{\sim}0.72498$), suggesting the distribution pattern of $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios as a new tracer to discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the study area. Different source rock compositions and weathering processes between both drainage basins may account for the differences in $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratio. Although the ratios show wide range, from 0.71445 to 0.72184 with an average 0.71747 in the study area, they are close to the values of the Yangtze river sediments, suggesting that the sediments were mainly originated from the Yangtze river. The previous studies on the dispersal pattern of modern sediments and the physico-chemical properties of seawater in the Yellow and East China seas support the possibility that the fine-grained Yangtze river sediments can reach to the East China Sea shelf as well as to the southeastern Yellow Sea.

레이더 강우 자료의 문제점과 해결방안

윤정수,황석환,강나래,Yun, Jeong-Su,Hwang, Seok-Hwan,Gang, Na-Rae 한국수자원학회 2020 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.53 No.9

창조 경제ㆍ경영을 위한 공공 플렛폼 설계 방안

윤정수 한국디지털융합학회 2014 디지털경영연구 Vol.1 No.1

The present government is pursuing a 3.0 as the national agenda, hoping to achieve a new, innovative, and creative economy by enhancing the opening and sharing of information related to public values, communication, and cooperation among public authorities, people, and corporations. There can be many difficulties when attempting to bring a new concept, such as a new creative economy, into the public platform without a precedent of successful reference throughout the world. Compared to the success of business platform such as Google, Facebook, or Naver, the success of public platform is still at its beginning stage. In order to achieve the national agenda 3.0, public values and creativity should be closely incorporated and installed in the e-system. The possibilities of success are expected to increase as more people participate in the platform and discover new values. Evaluating and reviewing the past, present, and future of five major public platforms is necessary and can be done based on the plan proposed by this article.

제주해협 표층퇴적물의 특성 - 특히 점토광물을 중심으로 -

윤정수,강순석 한국지구과학회 1991 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.12 No.3

The textural characteristics, the total suspended matter and the coarse fraction components of the surface sediments of the marine environment on the Cheju Strait are described and the distribution pattern of clay mineral discussed. The sediments are subdivied into ten textural classes; namely sand, slightly gravilly muddy sand, muddy sand, sandy clay, slightly gravelly sandy mud, mud and clay. the coarse sediments are distributed in the central and southeastern parts of the Cheju Strait which are bathymetric highs, whereas the fine-grained deposits are mainly distributed in the northeastern region, and the small scale of coarse and fine-grained mixed sediments are distributed in the western part of the study area. The high concentration of the total suspended matter in the study area gradually increase toward the northeastern nearshore area. The light minerals such as K-feldspar show a high content toward the northern region, which is related to the weathering of granites and metamorphic rooks on the adjacent lands, but the Na-Ca feldspars are relatively high near the northern part off Cheju Island. The illite is the most widespread clay mineral and the high concentrations of illite gradually increase toward the southern offshore. It is presumed that they are largely transported by the Kuroshio Current from the East China Sea such as Yellow Sea Warm Current and Tsushima Warm Current. Smectite is highly concentrated in the central part and arround off the Cheju Island it may have been partly derived from the central Yellow Sea by the local ocean current and the result of supplies of smectite altered from volcanic materials distributed in the Cheju Island. Therelative abundance of kaolinite shows a high in the northern nearshore area rather than in other regions, which are probably the results of supply from the southwestern Korea Rivers such as the Youngsan and Seomjin River. Chlorite shows partly similar distribution trend to that of kaolinite. This is related to the weathering of metamorphic rocks on adjacent lands. As to the controlling factors of the distribution pattern of clay minerals on the Cheju Strait, it is concluded that not only regional on-land geology but also local turbid plume and major ocean circulation are important.

제주도 서부해역 표층퇴적물의 지화학적 조성과 기원 연구

윤정수,김태정 한국지구과학회 2008 한국지구과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

To discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the western part off Jeju Island, the textual and elemental compositions were analyzed and compared with the sediments originating from Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers of China and the Korean(Keum) River. The sediments in the study area are composed of coarse silt with a mean grain size of 3.68.5Φ and their CaCO3 contents ranged from 0.92 to 9.75 wt.%. The ratios of TOC over total nitrogen (TN) showed that the study area sediments contained more organic matters of marine origin than those of terrigenous origin. The high concentration of Fe/Al, Ti/Al and Mn/Al figures were found in the southwestern part near the Changjiang esturay, indicating that it seemed to result from the influence of the Changjiang River. The discrimination diagrams including Sc/Al vs Cr/Th, Th/Sc vs Nb/Co and Ti/Nb vs Th/Sc were thus used as provenance indicators to identify the sediment origins of the western part off Jeju Island. Based on these discriminated diagrams it clearly showed that most of the sediment in the western part were originated from the Huanghe River, but the sediments in the southwestern part near the Changjiang esturay might come from the Changjiang River. In contrast, the sediment samples of the northeastern part showed the higher figures than those of the river sediments and other regions, suggesting that the sediments in the western part off Jeju Island must be originated from diverse sources. 제주도 서부해역에 분포하는 퇴적물의 기원지를 밝히기 위해 이곳 표층퇴적물의 지화학적 조성을 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 중국의 황하와 양자강 그리고 한국의 강 퇴적물과 비교•연구하였다. 연구지역 퇴적물의 평균입도는 3.6 ~8.5Ф 범위의 조립질실트 퇴적상으로 구성되며 탄산염 함량은 0.92~9.75%(평균 3.65%) 범위를 갖는다. 총유기탄소와 총질소(TN)의 비율(평균 9.4)에서 연구지역의 유기물은 육성 기원보다 해양성 기원이 상대적으로 우세하였다. 주성분 원소들의 공간분포에서 Fe/Al, Mn/Al, Ti/Al의 함량비는 양자강 하구역과 가까운 남서쪽 지역에서 높은 농도를 보여 양자기원 물질이 연구지역으로 유입되고 있음을 추론케한다. 연구지역 퇴적물의 Sc/Al 대 Cr/Th, Th/Sc 대 Nb/Co, Ti/Nb 대 Th/Sc 의 지화학적 구분지수는 황하와 양자강가원 퇴적물을 구분해 주는 유용한 지화학적 지시자로 제시될 수 있었다. 연구지역의 서쪽에 분포하는 대부분의 퇴적물은 황하기원 퇴적물과 유사한 특징을 보였고 양자강 하구역과 가까운 남서쪽 지역의 퇴적물은 양자강기원 퇴적물과 유사성을 보였으며, 북동쪽 지역에 분포하는 퇴적물 시료는 다른지역 퇴적물 보다 높은 비값을 보여, 따라서 제주도 서부해역은 복합기원 퇴적물이 집적되고 있음를 의미한다.

The long non-coding RNAs in the epithelial recurrent ovarian cancer

윤정수,이윤희,정근오,이윤순,조영래,홍대기 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulatory molecules at almost every level of gene expression regulation. The altered expression of lncRNAs is a characteristic of numerous types of cancer, and lncRNAs have been demonstrated to promote the development, inva-sion and metastasis of tumors through various mechanisms. However, the role of lncRNAs in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer remain unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the lncRNAs in the recurrent ovarian cancer. 방법: the expression of lncRNAs were analyzed by human lncRNA microarray in two pairs of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer tissues. To validate the microarray results, 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs were randomly selected for real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in two comparison setting , between ovarian cancer and normal ovary tissue ,or between primary ovarian cancer and recurrent ovarian cancer. 결과: the microarray results suggested 20 overexpressed lncRNAs and 20 underexpressed lncRNAs in recurred ovarian cancers compared with primary ovarian cancer (overexpressed ,fold change ≥3.12; underexpressed , fold change ≤ 0.42 ). After real time RT-PCR, only one lncRNAs PVT1 had an aberrant expression(overexpressed ,fold change ≥2.5) in the ovary cancer tissue compared with normal ovary. However, the results of real time RT-PCR were not consistent with the microarray data between primary and recurrent ovary cancer. The results of real time RT-PCR did not present differentially expressed lncRNA between primary and recurrent ovary cancer. 결론: the present study identified a series of candidate lncRNAs associated with ovarian cancer. Further study with these lncRNAs is instrumental for the identification of novel target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.

제주도 용천수의 수리화학적 특성

윤정수,박상운 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998 지하수환경 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 제주도 백록담 담수호에서 해안변 용천수에 이르는 고도별로 대표적인 55개 용천수에 대한 지역적 수질특성과 그 진화과정을 연구하였다. 조사지역 55개 용천수의 수질분석 결과 관음사물은 수소이온농도에서, 유수암천, 장수물, 덕지샘물, 신촌큰물, 영천사, 운량천, 하원통물, 동해물, 색달생수, 안덕계곡, 화순곤물, 돗물, 화강물, 정금물은 주변 육상오염원들에 의해서, 삼양제3수원, 신촌큰물, 명법사, 서느렁물, 토산물, 정금물, 곽지물, 애월하물, 고내물, 녹고물은 해수침입에 의해 오염이 진행중인 용천수들로 분류되었다. 용천수내의 전기전도도, pH, 질산성질소, 중탄산이온은 강수량이 많았을 때 그 농도가 증가하였으며, 나트륨, 염소이온, 황산이온은 강수량이 많았을 때 그 농도가 감소하였고, 칼륨과 마그네슘, 칼슘은 영향이 미미하였다. Piper의 삼각다이어그램을 통한 조사지역 용천수의 수질특성을 보면 고산지역은 Sodium or Potassium type과 bicarbonate type의 군을 이루었고, 중산간지 역은 Sodium or Potassium type과 No dominant type의 군을 형성하였으며, 저지대지역은 No dominant type과 Sulfate or Nitrate type의 군을, 해안지역은 Sodium or Potassium type과 Chloride type 및 No dominant type의 복잡한 용천수군을 형성하고 있었다. 즉 제주도 용천수는 해발고도가 높은 고산 및 중산간지역에서는 bicarbonate type이 우세한 수질조성에서 저지대 및 해안지역으로 유동되면서 non-bicarbonate type 형태의 수질로 변질되어가고 있었다. This study purposes to elucidate the characteristics of local water quality and the evolutional process of the spring water have been studied with the samples from 55 selected springs, from the coast region to the Baegrogdam, a caldera lake of Halla mountain in Cheju Island. Results of hydrochemical analyses in the 55 spring water show that Gwaneumsa is pollued with high hydrogen concentration, and spring waters from Yusuarmchun, Jangsumul, Dukjisemmul, Sinch'onk'nmul, Youngchunsa, Woonyangchun, Harwontongmul, Dongheamul, Seakdalsengsu, Andukkyekok, Dotimul, Kinmul, Harkangmul and Jungkeummul are polluted by the pollution sources from the surface surrounding ground. Spring waters of Samyang3suwon, Meungbusa, Sernurungmul, Tosanmul, Jungkeummul, Kwakgimul, Aewolharmul, Konemul and Nokgomul are also polluted from the sea water intrusion. The electrical conductivity, pH and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and bicarbonate increase when the precipitation increases, but the concentration of sodium, chloride and sulphate decrease when the precipitation increases. The concentrations of potassium, magnessium and calcium are nearly independent of the precipitaion. Quality characteristics of spring water show complicated group of spring water through piper's trilinear diagram. The high mountain region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and bicarbonate type; the middle mountain region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and no dominant type; the low mountain consists of groups of no dominant type and sulfate or nitrate type; the coast region consists of groups of sodium or potassium type and chloride type or no dominant type. These characteristics indicate that the spring waters are changed from bicarbonate type in the high and middle mountain regions into non-bicarbonate type in the coastal region, as the precipitated waters flow downslope.