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엄상용,김경진,이수경 한국화재소방학회 2013 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.27 No.2
In this research, the fire mistaken dispatch records for the past 11 years have been analyzed by using a statistic technique. Fire mistaken dispatch occurred yearly average 48,371±5,763 time at 95 % confidence level. This is 1.2 times more than the dispatch for extinguishing the fire. Fire mistaken dispatch has been increased mainly by malfunctioning alarm among other various reasons and the reason of mistaken dispatch is different depending on the population of the region. In big cities, the burning smell accounts for the most of mistaken dispatch but in rural areas, the garbage incineration is the major reason for mistaken dispatch. As a result of calculating the mean time between fire mistaken dispatches (MTBFmd)by region, MTBFmd of Daejeon is 20.61 hr/time and its reliability is 95.26 % at t=1 hr. On the other hand, the MTBFmd of Gyeonggi is 0.58 hr/time and its reliability is 17.91 % at t=1 hr. 과거 11년간의 국내 화재 오인출동 자료를 통계적 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 오인출동은 95 % 신뢰수준에서 연평균 48,371±5,763건이 발생하였고, 이는 화재진압을 위한 출동보다 약 1.2배 높은 수준이다. 여러 원인 중 경보오동작에의한 오인출동이 증가하고 있으며, 오인출동의 원인은 시·도별 인구수에 따라 다른 양상을 보이는데 대도시에서는 타는 냄새에 의한 오인출동이 많은 반면 농어촌에서는 쓰레기 소각에 의한 오인출동이 많았다. 지역별 평균오인출동간격을계산한 결과 대전은 20.61 hr/회로 t=1 hr 일 때 95.26 %의 신뢰도를 보이는 반면, 경기도의 경우 평균오인출동간격은0.58 hr/회로 t=1 hr 일 때 신뢰도가 17.91 %에 불과하였다.
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엄상용,김헌 대한의학회 2013 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.28 No.3
The objective of this study was to develop new spirometric reference equations for the Korean population using the raw data of the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007–2009). A total of 4,753 healthy lifelong nonsmokers without respiratory diseases and symptoms were selected as the reference population. Spirometric reference equations were derived through multiple regression analysis. The newly developed reference equations for spirometry parameters were as follows: FEV1 (L) = -0.00025410 × (Age [years])2 + 0.00012644 × (Height [cm])2 −0.00262 × Weight (kg) + 0.61493 (Men); FEV1 (L) = -0.00017538 × Age2 +0.00009598 × Height2 − 0.00231 × Weight + 0.46877 (Women); FVC (L) =-0.00000219 × Age3 + 0.0000006995642 × Height3 + 1.19135 (Men); FVC (L) = 0.0167 × Age − 0.00030284 × Age2 + 0.0000005850287 × Height3 + 0.77609(Women); FEV1/FVC (%) = -0.00289 × Age2 − 0.16158 × Height3 + 114.13736 (Men);FEV1/FVC (%) = -0.21382 × Age − 0.00000143 × Height3 + 97.62514 (Women). The newly developed spirometric reference equation in this study can be used as criteria for the interpretation of spirometry results and the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in Korean adults.
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엄상용,김진용,Yong Hoon Yoon,Sinwon Lee,김영학,송재관 대한심장학회 2014 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.44 No.1
Paravalvular leaks (PVLs) often occur after surgical valve replacement. Surgical reoperation has been the gold standard of therapy forPVLs, but it carries a higher operative risk and an increased incidence of re-leaks compared to the initial surgery. In high surgical risk pa-tients with appropriate geometries, transcatheter closure of PVLs could be an alternative to redo-surgery. Here, we report a case of success-ful staged transcatheter closures of a fistula tract between the aorta and right atrium, and mitral PVLs after mitral valve replacement andtricuspid annuloplasty.
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엄상용,김윤식,이충종,이철호,김용대,김헌 대한의학회 2011 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.26 No.6
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) hydrolyzes a number of toxic organophosphorous compounds and reduces lipid peroxide accumulation, and PON1 genetic polymorphisms in the coding region modulate serum PON1 activity. In this study, we investigated the association between 3 polymorphisms of PON1 located in intron 5 (17899insdelTT and 17974CT) and exon 6 (192QR) and serum PON1 activity. The genetic polymorphisms and serum activity of PON1 were analyzed in 153 healthy Koreans by using a direct sequencing assay and spectrophotometric method, respectively. A significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed between all tested single nucleotide polymorphisms, with the strongest LD observed between 17899insdelTT and 192QR (D’ = 0.984). The 17899insdelTT, 17974CT and 192QR genetic polymorphisms were associated with significant differences in serum paraoxonase activity. In multiple regression analyses, smoking, triglyceride level, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) level, and the 17899insdelTT and 192QR genetic polymorphisms were significant determinants of serum paraoxonase activity, while age, smoking,triglyceride level, HDL level, and the 192QR genetic polymorphism were significant determinants of serum arylesterase activity. These results suggest that although the 192QR genetic polymorphism in the coding region of PON1 is primarily associated with serum PON1 activity, the intronic polymorphisms are also involved in serum PON1 activity, and this association may be mediated by LD.
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TiO<sub>2</sub> 함유 피치섬유의 최적 안정화 조건
엄상용,이창호,박관호,유승곤,Eom, Sang Yong,Lee, Chang Ho,Park, Kwan Ho,Ryu, Seung Kon 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol. No.
$TiO_2$ 함유 피치섬유의 최적 안정화 조건을 도출하기 위하여 $TiO_2$의 함유량을 달리하여 피치섬유를 제조한 후, 여러가지 안정화 조건에 대한 섬유의 특성 변화와 금속입자의 거동을 관찰하였다. 공기에 의한 피치섬유의 안정화시 안정화온도가 높고, $TiO_2$ 함유량이 적을수록 산화에 의한 무게증가가 컸다. 안정화된 섬유를 탄화하면 수율은 71~82 wt.% 수준인데, $TiO_2$가 활성촉매 역할을 하여 $TiO_2$의 함유량이 많을수록 탄화수율은 낮았다. 안정화 과정에서 열가소성의 피치섬유는 산소의 도입으로 카르보닐기(C=O)와 카르복실기(-COOH) 등이 형성되며 동시에 이들이 가교결합을 이루고 수소를 탈리시켜 열경화성 섬유로 전환되었다. 활성탄소섬유의 기공크기는 $TiO_2$ 함유량이 증가함에 따라 점점 커졌으며, 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경을 통하여 섬유의 표면과 내부에 분포된 $TiO_2$ 입자와 분포를 관찰한 결과 안정화, 탄화 및 활성화공정 중 일부 $TiO_2$가 서로 뭉침을 알 수 있었다. 최종적으로 0.5 wt.% $TiO_2$ 함유 석유계 피치섬유는 $280^{\circ}C$에서 3 hr를 최적 안정화 조건으로 제시할 수 있었다. $TiO_2$-containing pitch fibers were prepared and various stabilization variables were investigated by characterizations of the fibers and behaviors of $TiO_2$ particles in the optimum stabilization conditions. When pitch fiber was stabilized by air at the optimum condition, the fiber weight increased as an increase of the stabilization temperature and a decrease of $TiO_2$ concentration. The carbonization yield was 71~82 wt.%, showing a decrease of the yield with the $TiO_2$ increase caused by the catalytic activity of $TiO_2$ to combustion. During the stabilization, newly developed carbonyl and carboxyl groups were introduced on the fiber surface and cross-linking reactions were progressed resulting the thermosetting property, which was verified by the replacement of hydrogen with oxygen. Pore size of the activated carbon fiber was increased by an increase in $TiO_2$ concentration. In the considerations of the aggregation behaviors of the $TiO_2$ particles, the optimum stabilization conditions of 0.5 wt.% $TiO_2$ containing petroleum-based pitch fiber were suggested as $280^{\circ}C$, 3 hr.
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