길버트라일의 철학적 분석

정대현 고려대학교 철학연구소 1978 철학연구 Vol.0 No.5

聖經안의 固有名詞와 現代英語(A와B 篇)

鄭大鉉 光云大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

There is no better key to the understanding of English literature in all its epochs than a competent knowledge of the Bible. Yale University, Albert Stanburrough Cook.

산 言語와 Audio-lingual Method 에 對한 小考

鄭大鉉 光云大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

모호성과 맞음

정대현 한국철학회 2003 철학 Vol.74 No.-

모호한 문장은 배중율을 위협하고 있다고 보였다. 그래서 모호성은 전통적으로 극복되거나 설명되어져야 하는 대상으로 간주되었다. 인식주의, 3치론, 정도론, 초치주의 등은 모호성을 여러 가지 다른 방식으로 설명하고 있지만 설득력이 모자란다고 생각한다. 그 까닭은 이들이 모두 진리 의미이론에 입각해 있기 때문이라고 믿는다. 그러나 모호성은 “김씨는 대머리다”라는 문장을 문맥 독립적으로 이해하고자 할 때 진리론적 문제가 발생하지만 이러한 문장은 추상적으로 사용되는 경우는 거의 없다. 이 문장은 화자, 청자, 시간, 장소, 상황 등의 문맥에서 발화되고 그 문맥이 이 문장의 이해의 문법의 불가피한 요소라는 도통론의 관점에서 어려움 없이 이해된다. 언어의 단위는 문장이 아니라 발화인 것이다. 어떤 문장은 문맥과 독립될 때 이해하기 어려운 모호성을 수반하지만 문맥에 맞게 발화될 때 그 문장 자체의 모호성은 문제가 되지 않는다.

英語 聖經의 言語

鄭大鉉 光云大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

This thesis has been written for helping all the scholars and students understand and grasp the English language better and appreciate English literature thoroughly through a competent knowledge of the Bible by studying the biblical English, since the Bible has not only influenced English literature so profoundly and broadly, but also dominated the cultural histories of English speaking nations so crucially. The thesis is composed of three main chapters: Chapter 1 is introduction, and Chapter 2, the Actual Influences of the Bible on the English Langauage-in words, phrases and expressions, and Chapter 3, Conclusion. In Chapter 2 deals with the Actual Influences of the Bible on the English Language in Word and Phrasal Level.' The Biblical English is generally thought as being of two kinds: One is the peculiar style in which the English Bilbes are written; the other is the style in which some writers influenced by the former wrote their works. Bunyan wrote 'The Pilgrim's Progress' in the Biblical English, thus it has wielded a great influence on the English Language and English literature. Proper nouns of persons' names and names of places in the Bible have been used as common nouns to express special meanings which suggest their background stories in the Bible. For example, 'Abigail' is originally the name of a woman which has been used as 'handmaid.' Its semantical origin has been studied to present several quotations from modern English in this comforter,' for instance, means one who, like job's friends, under the guise of administering comfort, aggravates distress. Thirty-seven words and phrases in all have been collected. In the last Chapter of the thesis, Conclusion, emphasis has been made on the indispensable and inevitable relation between the Bible and English literature, showing the quotations from the statistical point of view in Dictionary of English Quotations. The Bible 1.351 Old Testament (702) Apocrypha ( 8) New Testament (605) Prayer-Book (306) Shakespeare 773 Micellaneous 1,406 _____________________________________________________________ Total 3,170 These figures are clear evidence of the truth of the common saying that the English Bible tops the list of most frequently quoted books, immediately followed by the works of Shakespeare. It is true that the Bible is the word of God inspired by the Holy Spirit, not by the impulse of man, but there are many who read the Bible today without finding the word of God; it seems many people simply lack the ability of comprehending passages which they read-and some passages are far from being easy. The secret of innermost can only be revealed through the wisdom of the inspiration. "All scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work." (2Tim. 3:16-17)

合理性의 構造와 開放社會의 論理 : 칼 포퍼의 철학을 중심으로

丁大鉉 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1980 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.36 No.-

An attempt is made in this paper, to define "rationality" in reference to Popper's notion of falsifiability and to analyze the concept of open society in terms of rationality thus defined. The notion of falsifiability is proposed to be a term of a certain relation between a conclusion and its premises. For a hypothesis H, we may have a testing condition such that if a certain condition C is given then some effect, E, will be obtained. Suppose that C was given but E did not occur, then we are to say that H is falsified and refuted. The notion of truthlikeness or verisimilitude emerges, out of that of falsifiability. Suppose that a is a sentence or a theory and A is the set of all the sentences deducible from a, and T is the set of all the true sentences. Then, the truth content of a call it At, is the intersection of A and T (A ∩ T), and the falsity content of a, call it Af, is A minus At(A-At). Now, we may talk about the content measure(ct) of those contents. Ct(At) is defined as 1 minus the probability of A ∩ T and ct (Af) as 1 minus the probability of A-At. Finally, the verisimilitude of a, call it vs (A), is defined as ct(At)-ct(Af). What this means is that the greater the probability of a's being false the greater the truth content of a and hence the verisimilitude of a is. The more falsifiable, the better. Now, we may define what rationality is: dl is rational now if and only if vs(Dl) is greater than any vs (Dl plus I) examined and any plausible theory is now believed to be among those theories examined. Rationality is here understood to be primarily prepositional and relative. What is an open society? The rational one is the answer. Of course, the concept of falsifiability employed here is not truth-functional. But its logical structure remains the same. We may take any policy(law, decree, decision, etc.) to be a hypothesis H. Then, H can have an executive decree such that if some reasoned condition R is provided then certain social action event A will obtain. Take for an example. The Korean government takes a policy that the population growth in Seoul is to be contained. One executive decree is that if the increase of number of college students in Seoul is restrained then the flow of many local high school graduates to Seoul will be minimized. Here we may be tempted to have a reading: the government restrained the increase of the number of college students in Seoul and the flow was minimized, therefore the policy was working well. This is not the falsifiability interpretation. Rather, we should look for undesirable social events due to the policy in question. There may be problems of quality education at local colleges and of their being over-crowded. and so an. What is important is to see that though the statements of intended events and of undesired events are not of the form "p and not-p" which is contradictory, but of the form "A and not-A" which is not contradictory but practically incompatible, the statement of undesirable event, that is, not-A, tends to falsify the policy under consideration and to call for its improvements. Then, it is plausible that open society is the one where any policy can be questioned and the policy is readily improved upon discovery that not-A. With such conceptual mapping on hand, issues such as civil disobedience and free press are seen succinctly explainable.

유ㆍ초등연계를 위한 유아교사역할 평가척도 개발

정대현,윤진옥,정옥경 한국영유아교원교육학회 2011 유아교육학논집 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluate scale for an early childhood teacher's role in the transition from kindergarten to elementary school. For this purpose, the evaluation scale was constructed and construct validity and reliability of the scale was tested. In the result of exploratory factor analysis, the evaluation scale was consisted of 5 factors. The result of confirmative factor analysis revealed that RMSEA(.06), GFI(.90), CFI(.92) and TLI(.91) was fit index, and reliability of the scale was supported with Cronbach α with .930. Finally the validity and reliability of the scale was verified, and factors of the scale was confirmed as teaching plan, partnerships with parents, social-emotional supports for children, improvement for learning ability of children, and instruction for children's basic life habits. 본 연구는 유초연계를 위한 유아교사의 역할을 평가하고 활용할 수 있는 평가척도를 개발하고 그 타당성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 평가 척도를 구성하고 이에 대한 신뢰도와 구인타당도를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 내적 합치도 검증에서 높은 신뢰수준을 나타내었고, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 5개의 요인이 추출되었으며, 확인적 요인분석 결과 주요 적합도 지수인 RMSEA(.06), GFI(.90), CFI(.92), TLI(.91)에서 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 유초연계를 위한 유아교사 역할 평가 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도가 최종적으로 검증되었으며, 척도를 구성하는 요인은 교수계획, 부모와의 협력, 유아의 사회정서지원, 유아의 학습능력향상, 유아의 기본생활습관지도 5개 요인으로 확인되었다.

성씨제도와 성적 소외

정대현 이화여자대학교 철학과 학생회 홍보부 1990 우리는 생각한다 Vol.- No.10

대부분의 문화권에서 자녀들은 아버지의 성씨를 따른다. 부계 성씨 전승의 이러한 문화전통은 어떠한 평가를 받을 수 있는가? 이러한 제도는 득은 있고 손은 없는가? 이러한 제도에 고통은 없는가? 있다면 그러한 것은 어떤 분석을 필요로 할 것이다. 얼마전에 들은 실화가 있다. 어떤 여성이 결혼한지 2년만에 남편을 교통사고로 여의고 돌도되지 않은 아들은 시집에서 데리고 가버렸다. 재혼을 쉽게 하기 위해서라는 이유였다. 그러나 이 여성은 곧 미쳐버렸고 얼마 지나지 않아 그 자신 병사하였다. 이 비슷한 이야기는 우리의 주위에 흔하다고 믿는다. 과부의 경우에도 그러하지만 이혼녀의 경우에는 더욱 그러할 것이다. 최근에 개정된 가족법은 자녀에 대한 권리와 의무를 양쪽 부모에게 상당한 동등성으로써 배분하고 있다. 그러나 아직도 성씨는 부계전승의 전통을 그대로 가지고 있다.

認識과 家族類似

丁大鉉 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1978 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.31 No.-

Suppose that any necessary and sufficient condition is not applicable to the notion of knowledge, which I argued elsewhere. It is now to be shown how we do call "cases of knowledge" those various cases of knowledge. On what ground do we have the term "knowledge" to unite various instances of knowledge? It is useless to say that there is something in common among all the cases of knowledge. This is what was denied in our supposition. The present paper is an attempt to show just that. L. Wittgenstein made an implicit distinction between common concept and family resemblance concept. Against Professor A.J. Ayer, it is argued that the distinction is not the one which is made in terms of degrees but of kinds. In order to advance the argument, it is tried to show (1) that common concepts can generally be learned at once bur family resemblance concepts can only be learned gradually, and (2) that this difference can be explained by an assumption that the former is the one under which all the instances have something in common and the latter is not. A tentative proposal is that the notion of knowledge is better understood as a family resemblance concept. The trouble with the concept seems to be that it is not yet made clear enough for our use to clarify the notion of knowledge. I tried to place the notion of resemblance on nominalistic footing and then to define "partial resemblance" as a relation in which various things in question have one resemblance or other, ((PQ), ((QR), (PS)), and not necessarily one thing in common, ((PQ), (PR), (PS)). Partial resemblance is a mere relation and nor a concept. And it is open-ended. Finally, "family resemblance" is defined : x, y and z have A-family-resemblance if and only if (1)x, y and z have partial resemblance and (2) there is a rule according to which we can apply the term "A" to x, y and z. How do we know that knowledge is a family resemblance concept? We may consider locutions such as " Mr. Malcolm knows Mr. Wittgenstein", "Miss Kyung-wha Chung knows how to play violin", and "I know that Seoul is the capital city of Korea". They may respectively be said to be instances of personal knowledge, capacity knowledge and prepositional knowledge. It is proposed that personal knowledge may be characterized as what is acquainted and sententially expressible on the circumstances, and capacity knowledge as what is performable and acquainted, and prepositional knowledge as that is performable and sententially expressible. There is much to be argued for such a characterization. But if the characterization is plausible, then it seems to allow us an important ground on which we many take knowledge as a family resemblance concept.

부모 신앙 및 교회학교 출석에 따른 유아의 예수님개념

정대현 總神大學校 2010 總神大論叢 Vol.30 No.-