가스연료 엔진의 운전변수에 따른 탄화수소의 배출특성

김창업,김성수 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 自然科學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Measurements of the concentrations of individual exhaust hydrocarbon species have been made under various engine operating conditions with a 2-liter 4-cylinder engine for natural gas and LPG. Tests were performed at constant engine speed, 1800rpm for two compression ratios(8.6 and 10.6), with various operating parameters, such as excess air ratio(1.0~1.6), bmeps(250~800kPa) and spark timings(BTDC 10~55). It was found that the natural gas gave the less ozone formation than LPG in various operating conditions. This was accomplished by reducing the emissions of propylene(C_3H_6), which has relatively high MIR factor, and propane(C_3H_*) that originally has large portion of LPG. In addition, the natural gas show lower values in the SR and BSRs. Higher compression ratio showed higher NMHC emissions. However, SR decreased since fuel species of HC emissions increase. BSRs showed almost same values under high bmep, over 500kPa for both fuels. This means that effect of increasing of NMGC emissions and effect of decreasing of SRs with higher bmep affect each other simultaneously. With advanced spark timing, BSRs of LPG were increased while those of natural gas showed almost constant values.

경남지역 벼 친환경재배시 고품질 유색미 생산을 위한 적정 품종

김상열,한상익,오성환,이종희,권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

養生溫度가 混合材를 使用한 Mortar의 强度에 미치는 影響

姜信業,金成完 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1976 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.3 No.2

This research was attempted as one of studies on the strength of mortar added admixtures at different curing temperatures. Variations of curing temperature to test compressive strength, tensil strength and bending strength were 20℃, 30℃ and 35℃ and these results were summarized as follow : In strength of mortar added briquette ash, the compressive strength was increased 1.58 percent, the tensile strength 0.96 percent, and the bending strength 1.26 percent compared with standard strength, by increasing one degree of celsius temperature. Also in strength of mortar added fly ash, the compressive strength increased on the average 1.3 percent, the tensile strength 0.99 percent, and the bending strength 1.18 percent at the above conditions. In case of using fly ash as admixture, maximum compressive strengths was attained at the level of 25 percent of fly ash, maximum tensile strength at the level of 20 percent of fly ash, and maximum bending strength at the level of 20 percent of fly ash. In case of using briquette ash, maximum compressive strength was attained maximum strength at 20 percent of the admixture, maximum tensile strength at the level of 15 to 20 percent of admixture and maximum bending strength at the level of 20 percent of admixture. Although addition of briquette ash was less effective in increasing the strength compared with the addition of fly ash, briquette ash might be used as one of admixtures because the control of curing temperature might affect in getting the required practical strength.

Physiological and Protein Profiling Response to Drought Stress in KS141, a Korean Maize Inbred Line

김상곤,Hwan Hee Bae,Hwa Jin Jung,Jin-Seok Lee,Jung-Tae Kim,Tae Hoon Go,Beom-Young Son,Seong-Bum Baek,Young-Up Kwon,우미옥,Seonghyu Shin 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.4

Understanding the complex response mechanism of a crop to drought is the major step in the developing of tolerant genotypes. Inour study, to investigate physiological traits and proteome dynamics, an inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line (KS141) was subjected to10 days of water-withholding at the V5 or V6 leaf stage. The subsequent analysis of their physiological parameters revealed adecreased relative leaf water content, Fv/Fm, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, leaf transpiration, and water use efficiency,resulting in severe growth retardation of leaf area, stem length and width, aerial part, and root dry matter at 3 and 10 daysafter withholding water. However, aerial part and root dry matter were little changed during drought stress for 3 days. To understandthe proteome dynamics during the 10-day drought stress in maize leaves, comparative proteome analysis was carried out between thewell-watered and drought-treated leaves. Proteins were extracted using phenol extraction method from leaves with/without droughtstress, and then separated by 2-DE. After 2-DE gel analyses, 14 differentially expressed protein spots were identified by MALDITOFmass spectrometry. Out of 14, eleven and three protein spots were found to be up- or down-regulated, respectively. Interestingly, stress-related proteins such as glutathione S-transferase, abscisic stress-ripening proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteinswere increased by drought stress. Our study may provide molecular mechanisms and selective markers for drought tolerantmaize genotypes

ORiginal Article : Management of Asymptomatic Erosive Esophagitis; An E-Mail Survey of Physician`s Opinions

( Seong Woo Lim ),( Jun Haeng Lee ),( Jie Hyun Kim ),( Jeong Hwan Kim ),( Heung Up Kim ),( Seong Woo Jeon ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.3

Background/Aims: The management of asymptomatic erosive esophagitis is controversial. We surveyed physicians` opinions on asymptomatic erosive esophagitis using e-mail. Methods: All members of the Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility were invited to answer the questionnaire on the treatment and follow-up of patients with asymptomatic erosive esophagitis by e-mail. Results: A total of 73 members answered the questionnaire (response rate, 18%). As initial management, 41% of respondents chose pharmacologic treatment, whereas 59% chose nonpharmacologic treatment. In the case of pharmacologic treatment, proton pump inhibitors were the preferred medication. The most common treatment duration was 4 weeks (43%), followed by 8 weeks (38%), and 6 months (11%). Sixty-two percent of the respondents recommended follow-up endoscopy annually, whereas 29% chose no endoscopic follow-up. Thirty-four percent of the respondents answered that they would talk about reflux-related sleep disturbances. Only 25% of the respondents explained the possibility of Barrett`s esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma to their patients. Conclusions: There are substantial practice variations in the management of asymptomatic erosive esophagitis in Korea. (Gut Liver 2013; 7:290 294)

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir with and without Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Elevated ALT: Interim Analysis of Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Ji Young Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ),( Hana Park ),( Hyung Jum Yim ),( Young 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in improving liver inflammation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who commence tenofovir therapy. Methods: Eighty-nine tenofovir-naïve patients with CHB were enrolled from 6 centers. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups; tenofovir combined with placebo, tenofovir combined with UDCA 600mg, and tenofovir combined with UDCA 1000mg groups. The primary endpoint is ALT normalization rate at 4 weeks. Results: Out of 89 patients, 8 patients dropped out, 58 patients completed 1-year follow-up, and follow-up of remaining patients is ongoing. The ALT normalization rates at week 4 by central lab criteria were 19%, 11%, and 22% for tenofovir monotherapy, UDCA 600mg combination therapy, UDCA 1000mg combination therapy, respectively (P=0.58). ALT normalization rates based on AASLD criteria at week 4 were not statistically different between 3 groups. ALT normalization rates by central lab criteria between 3 groups did not reach statistical significance at week 24 and 48. However, ALT normalization rates by AASLD criteria was higher in UDCA combination group than those in tenofovir monotherapy groups at week 24, 36 and 48 (P< 0.05). Improvement of liver fibrosis measured by enhanced liver fibrosis score at week 48 was not different between groups (P=0.66). Inhibitory molecules of T cell such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and FoxP3, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha were checked longitudinally, however, there were no significant differences among these three groups (P >0.05). Conclusions: Combination treatment of UDCA with tenofovir can improve ALT normalization rate based on AASLD criteria in ALT elevated CHB patients.

Effect of Body Weight and Lifestyle Changes on Long-Term Course of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Koreans

Kim, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Go-Eun,Jeon, Seong-Hoon,Kim, Jin-Ho,Park, Joong-Yeol,Lee, Ki-Up,Kim, Chul-Hee Elsevier 2009 The American journal of the medical sciences Vol.337 No.2

<P>BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing, there have been few studies of long-term changes in NAFLD in large numbers of subjects. This study was performed to assess the long-term changes in severity of fatty liver and to analyze the association with changes in body weight and lifestyle factors. METHODS: We analyzed lifestyle factors, biochemical data, and abdominal ultrasonography in subjects who underwent voluntary medical checkups at a 5-year interval. Fatty liver on ultrasonography was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe by the degree of echogenicity. RESULTS: The analyzed population consisted of 2895 subjects of age 47+/-8.7 years (range, 20-79 years). Among the 1938 subjects who had normal livers at baseline, 374 subjects (19%) developed fatty liver 5 years later. Those who developed fatty liver showed more weight gain, increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), and glucose levels during the 5-year period. Among the 930 subjects who had fatty liver at baseline, 263 (28%) subjects showed a decrease in grade and 209 (22%) progressed to a higher grade of fatty liver after 5 years. The group with a lower grade lost -2.2+/-4.3 kg of body weight from baseline, and reduction in hepatic steatosis grade was associated with decreased serum AST, ALT, triglycerides, gamma-GT, and fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: Even a small weight reduction was associated with improvements in NAFLD and related metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Subjects with fatty liver should be advised to lose weight through lifestyle modifications.</P>

A multicenter study of entecavir <i>vs.</i> tenofovir on prognosis of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B in South Korea

Kim, Seung Up,Seo, Yeon Seok,Lee, Han Ah,Kim, Mi Na,Lee, Yu Rim,Lee, Hye Won,Park, Jun Yong,Kim, Do Young,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Hwang, Seong Gyu,Rim, Kyu Sung,Um, Soon Ho,Tak, Won Young,Kweon Elsevier 2019 Journal of hepatology Vol.71 No.3

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>It is currently unclear which antiviral agent, entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), is superior for improving prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Here, we assessed the ability of these 2 antivirals to prevent liver-disease progression in treatment-naïve patients with CHB.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>From 2012 to 2014, treatment-naïve patients with CHB who received ETV or TDF as a first-line antiviral agent were recruited from 4 academic teaching hospitals. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at enrollment were excluded. Cumulative probabilities of HCC and death or orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) were assessed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In total, 2,897 patients (1,484 and 1,413 in the ETV and TDF groups, respectively) were recruited. The annual HCC incidence was not statistically different between the ETV and TDF groups (1.92 <I>vs</I>. 1.69 per 100 person-years [PY], respectively; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.975 [<I>p</I> = 0.852] by multivariate analysis). Propensity score (PS)-matched and inverse probability of treatment weighting (ITPW) analyses yielded similar patterns of results (HR 1.021 [<I>p</I> = 0.884] and 0.998 [<I>p</I> = 0.988], respectively). The annual incidence of death or OLT was not statistically different between the ETV and TDF groups (0.52 <I>vs</I>. 0.53 per 100 PY, respectively; adjusted HR 1.202 [<I>p</I> = 0.451]). PS-matched and ITPW analyses yielded similar patterns of results (HR 1.248 [<I>p</I> = 0.385] and 1.239 [<I>p</I> = 0.360], respectively). These findings were consistently reproduced in patients with compensated cirrhosis (all <I>p</I> >0.05).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The overall prognosis in terms of HCC and death or OLT was not statistically different between the ETV and TDF groups. Further studies are needed to validate our results.</P> <P><B>Lay summary</B></P> <P>It is currently unclear which antiviral agent, entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, is superior for improving prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In this analysis we found that there was no difference in terms of overall prognosis, including risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, death, or the need for a liver transplant, in patients receiving either antiviral.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The hepatocellular carcinoma risk was not statistically different between the ETV and TDF groups. </LI> <LI> The death or liver transplant risk was not statistically different between the 2 groups. </LI> <LI> These results were consistently reproduced after adjusting for confounding variables. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

起泡劑가 모르터의 特性에 미치는 影響

金成完,姜信業,趙成燮,成瓚鏞 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1984 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.11 No.1

To study the effect of foaming agent on the characteristic of mortar, the tests of water-cement ratio and bulk density of mortar were done under the different mixing ratio with G. U and J foaming agents. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1 . At the mixing ratio of 1 : 4 and 0.5% of foaming agent, the highest water-cement ratio was 90% by G, 88.3% by U and 70% by J foaming agent, respectively, being lower than 91.6% of that of cement mortar. 2. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 3 and 3.0% of foaming agent, the water-cement ratio was decreased up to 22.0% by G and 24.1% by U foaming agent, respectively, but it gradually was increased in richer and poorer mixing ratio. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 4 and 3.0% of foaming agent, the water-cement ratio was decreased up to 53.1% by J foaming agent, but. it gradually was increased in richer mixing ratio. 3 . At the mixing ratio of 1 : 1 and 0.5% of foaming agent, the highest bulk density was 1.981 g/㎤ by G, 1.863 g/㎤ by U and 1.149 g/㎤ by J foaming agent, respectively, being lower than 2.048 g/㎤ of that of cement mortar. 4. At the mixing ratio of 1 : 2 and 3.0% of foaming agent, the bulk density was decreased up to 20 7% by G, 23.7% by U and 56.5% by J foaming agent, respectively, but it gradually was increased in richer and poorer mixing ratio, 5. The water-cement ratio and bulk density were decreased in more addition of foaming agent, respectively, multiple regression equations of water cement ratio and bulk density were computed depending on a function of mixing ratios and addition of foaming agents.

KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

( Seong Hee Kang ),( Hye Won Lee ),( Jeong-ju Yoo ),( Yuri Cho ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Tae Hee Lee ),( Byoung Kuk Jang ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Haeryoung Kim ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Joon-il C 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.3