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골격근 근형질세망의 ATP유도 ^45Ca-uptake에 대한 Thapsigargin및 Vanillylnonanamide의 영향
황의강,배소현,홍장희,허강민,김진회,이재흔,석정호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2
To investigate the effect of thapsigargin(THP) and vanillylnonanamide(VN), derivative of capsaicin, on the ATP-induced ^45Ca-uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) of the skeletal muscle, the SR vesicles were prepared from the back muscle of the rabbit, and ^45Ca-uptake was carried out. The results as follows: ATP-induced ^45Ca-uptake of skeletal muscular SR was significantly increased by 1 mM ATP. It was significantly blocked by 5 μM THP, but slightly decreased by 20 μM VN. The combined effect of THP and VN on the 45Ca-uptake of the SR vesicles was much potentiated than the sum of each effect of them. The above results suggest that the action of VN, being slightly influential to ATP-induced Ca-uptake but potentiating the effect of THP on the Ca-uptake, might be related with direct perturbation of the SR membrane or exposure of the THP-binding site.
Abuse Potential of Synthetic Cannabinoids: AM-1248, CB-13, and PB-22
( Kwang-hyun Hur ),( Shi-xun Ma ),( Bo-ram Lee ),( Yong-hyun Ko ),( Jee-yeon Seo ),( Hye Won Ryu ),( Hye Jin Kim ),( Seolmin Yoon ),( Yong-sup Lee ),( Seok-yong Lee ),( Choon-gon Jang ) 한국응용약물학회 2021 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.29 No.4
Currently, the expanding recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) threatens public health. SCBs produce psychoactive effects similar to those of tetrahydrocannabinol, the main component of cannabis, and additionally induce unexpected pharmacological side effects. SCBs are falsely advertised as legal and safe, but in reality, SCB abuse has been reported to cause acute intoxication and addictive disorders. However, because of the lack of scientific evidence to elucidate their dangerous pharmacological effects, SCBs are weakly regulated and continue to circulate in illegal drug markets. In the present study, the intravenous self-administration (IVSA) paradigm was used to evaluate the abuse potential of three SCBs (AM-1248, CB-13, and PB-22) in rats. All three SCBs maintained IVSA with a large number of infusions and active lever presses, demonstrating their reinforcing effects. The increase of active lever presses was particularly significant during the early IVSA sessions, indicating the reinforcementenhancing effects of the SCBs (AM-1248 and CB-13). The number of inactive lever presses was significantly higher in the SCB groups (AM-1248 and CB-13) than that in the vehicle group, indicating their impulsive effects. In summary, these results demonstrated that SCBs have distinct pharmacological properties and abuse potential.
농산물 중 잔류농약 시험법의 매질보정 검량법의 대표시료 탐색 연구
허장현 ( Jang-hyun Hur ),조영주 ( Yeong-ju Jo ),최정윤 ( Jeong-yoon Choi ),함헌주 ( Hun-ju Ham ),최재웅 ( Jae-woong Choi ),허경진 ( Kyung-jin Hur ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-
최근 간편하고 신속한 QuEChERS 추출법과 질량분석기를 이용하는 분석법이 보편화됨에 따라 잔류농약 분석 시 비의도적 간섭물질로 인해 유발되는 농산물의 매질효과(matrix effect)에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 매질효과(matrix effect)는 주로 질량분석기로 분석하는 과정에서 시그널 억제(suppression) 또는 시그널 증가(enhancement)와 같은 현상으로 나타난다. 이러한 현상은 매질별로 상이하게 나타나고 분석성분의 감도 변화에도 큰 영향을 미쳐 정량분석 업무에 어려움을 준다. 일선 분석 현장에서는 시료별 매질효과(matrix effect)를 최소화하고자 동일한 시료를 활용하는 매질보정(matrix matched) 방법을 활용하고 있으나 모든 농산물 시료마다 모든 바탕시료(matched matrix)를 준비하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 다소비 농산물을 선정하여 식약처 ‘다성분 시험법-제2법’ 분석 시 매질효과 특성을 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 대표매질 선정을 위한 탐색 가능성을 모색하기 위하여 도출되었다. 우선 식물성 원료 7종 중 곡류(6품목), 서류(3품목), 두류(4품목), 견과 종실류(5품목), 과일류(11품목), 채소류(17품목), 버섯류(4품목)의 다소비 식품 50품목을 선정하여 현행 분석법으로 정량 가능한 460여 종 다성분 잔류농약에 대한 농산물별 매질효과를 산출하였다. 분석대상 농산물은 시중에서 구매한 후 사전 실험을 통해 식약처 ‘다성분 시험법-제2법’ 분석에서 잔류농약이 검출되지 않는 농산물을 사용하였다. 매질효과 평가를 위한 실험은 잔류농약 510종 중 정량 가능한 460여 종을 LC와 GC-MS/MS를 사용하여 정량하여 용매표준용액의 검량선과 매질표준 용액의 검량선을 비교하여 매질효과(%)를 산출하였다. 산출된 matrix effect 범위는 soft (≤±20%), medium (±20%< ME≤±50%), strong ( >±50%) range로 구분하였으며, soft range는 정량성을 확보할 수 있는 국제적 기준으로 판단하였다. 현재까지 결과는 LC-MS/MS 분석은 45품목, GC-MS/MS 분석은 32품목이 완료되어 일부 시료에 대한 매질효과를 평가하였다. 평가 결과 매질효과(%)는 ±20% 이내 soft range 매질효과를 보이는 성분 수가 LC-MS/MS는 245성분 중 곡류, 서류, 두류, 견과종실류, 버섯류에서 204∼245성분(83.3∼100.0%), 과일류와 채소류는 115∼241성분(46.9∼98.4%)이었다. GC-MS/MS는 261성분 중 곡류, 서류, 두류, 견과종실류, 버섯류에서 211∼247성분(80.8∼94.6%), 과일류와 채소류는 192∼238성분(73.6∼91.2%)이었다. 특히 과일류와 채소류 농산물 중 LC-MS/MS 분석에서 딸기, 마늘, 양파, GC-MS/MS 분석에서 커피원두, 수박, 배추, 시금치, 마늘에서 상대적으로 높은 수준의 매질효과가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 그룹별, 성분별 매질효과를 상호 비교하여, 향후 대체 또는 대표매질 선정 가능성을 평가하고자 한다.
Hur Joon Moo,Son Bu Soon,Jang Bong Ki,Park Jong An,Lee Jong Whoa,Kim Joon Hyun The Korean Environmental Sciences Society 1998 Environmental sciences Vol.2 No.2
Results obtained from this research showed that the anaerobic contact process was applicable to pear waste with COD removal efficiencies of up to $95\%$ depending on conditions, provided ammonium and phosphate salts were added as well as other nutrients, present in the commercial fertilizer, Milorganite or in yeast extract. These latter materials were required in minimum concentrations of 5 and 1.5 g/L, respectively, in the feed independent of HRT and volatile solids loading rate, with part of the effect due to the mineral fraction. Digestion was satisfactory over the whole range of volatile solids loading rates and liquid retention time of 30 to 0.5 days tested, although treatment efficiency dropped off noticeably between 1 and 0.5 day liquid retention time because of poorer flocculation and separation of anaerobic bacteria. Settling of anaerobic bacteria including methane producing bacteria was related to settling of mixed liquor suspended solids only at 1 to 5 days liquid retention times, at other liquid retention times anaerobic microorganism settled markedly less efficiently than mixed liquor suspended solids. Further studies are being made to provide information of practical and basic interest. Data on the composition of the active fraction of yeast extract might solve many practical nutrient problems encountered with the anaerobic contact process and improve its economics. Further improvement in the flocculation and settling of anaerobic bacteria as well as other bacteria would improve overall performance and allow the use of shorter liquid retention times with dilute waste. Knowledge about the numbers of methane formers present would allow a degree of understanding and control of the process not presently attainable.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY TOPOLOGICAL GROUPS
HUR, KUL,JUN, YOUNG BAE,RYOU, JANG HYUN The Honam Mathematical Society 2004 호남수학학술지 Vol.26 No.2
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy subspaces, intuitionistic fuzzy topological groups and intuitionistic fuzzy quotient groups. And we investigate some of their properties.
Jang, Jae-Won,Lee, Jung-Kil,Hur, Hyuk,Seo, Bo-Ra,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Soo-Han Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd 2011 Surgical neurology international Vol.2 No.-
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Although the vertebral artery injuries (VAI) associated with cervical spine trauma are usually clinically occult, they may cause fatal ischemic damage to the brain stem and cerebellum.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We performed a prospective study using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to determine the frequency of VAI associated with cervical spine injuries and investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics. Between January 2005 and August 2007, 99 consecutive patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations were prospectively evaluated for patency of the VA, using the CTA, at the time of injury.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Complete disruption of blood flow through the VA was demonstrated in seven patients with unilateral occlusion (7.1%). There were four men and three women with a mean age of 43 (range, 33-55 years). Unilateral occlusion of the right vertebral artery occurred in four patients and of the left in three. Regarding the cervical injury type, two cases were cervical burst fractures (C6 and C7), two had C4-5 fracture/dislocations, two had a unilateral transverse foraminal fracture, and one had dens type III fracture. All patients presented with good patency of the contralateral VA. None of the patients developed secondary neurological deterioration due to vertebrobasilar ischemia during the follow-up period with a mean duration of 23 months.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>VAI should be suspected in patients with cervical trauma that have cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations or transverse foramen fractures. CTA was useful as a rapid diagnostic method for ruling out VAI after cervical spine trauma.</P>