ja/JA의 담화기능에 관한 연구

김홍자(Hong Ja Kim) 언어과학회 2002 언어과학연구 Vol.23 No.-

Through the modalparticles ja/JA. the speaker delivers speech intentions to the listener by referring to `previous knowledge`. As emotional expressions are described in strong, emphatic tones, intonations can serve the same function. The use of JA. therefore, can lend a sense of friendliness and warmth to a conversation. Thus, the use of modal particles can carry more persuasion in communication. For successful communication, the speaker considers different styles of language use. For instance, by using `ja` in an exclamatory tone, the speaker expresses surprise about a situation. To the same effect, the speaker can express a sense of surprise to the hearer using other forms of language, but modal particles can create a conversational cohesion and friendliness with emotional impact. When used in the form of `JA`, the speaker can deliver emotional impact to convey that the action required of the listener is `previous knowledge` and is important. Thus, a message that the listener will be penalized or endangered if the instruction is not followed can be sent. Warning, alarming and emphasizing functions can be fulfilled, with `ja` used as part of a response to the speech of the other person and with `JA` used in the process of structuring the speaker`s speech.

Praat를 활용한 한국인 영어 학습자의 발음편차

김홍자(Kim Hong-Ja) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3

외국어 발음능력과 관련해서 초분절음운적 측면에서의 편차를 훨씬 더 비중있게 다루고 있어, 영어 발음교육현장에서 개개 음들에 대한 기본 지식뿐만 아니라 단어, 문장 강세라든지 템포, 음의 높낮이, 멜로디에 대한 교육의 중요성도 강조하고 있다 (Hirschfeld, 1994; 박세진, 2013; 박희석, 2013). 이에 본 연구는 한국인 영어 학습자들의 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발 음편차를 살펴보고 이러한 오류들을 유형화 시키는 데 목적이 있다. 한국인 영어 학습자의 듣기, 말하기 교육현장에서 수용적 방해를 줄이기 위해서 이들의 초분절음적 측면에서의 발음편차를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 한국인 대학생들의 영어 학습자들이 공통적인 혹은 유사한 음운적 능력과 오류의 특징을 분류하여 피험자들의 어학 연수경험과 지방출신별로 부정적 전이와의 관련성을, 발음교정을 받은 대학생들을 대상으로 Praat 프로그램을 통해 분석된 결과를 토대로 제공한 시각적인 자료에 의해 뒷받침되고 있다. 결과는 한국인 영어학습자의 심층적인 이해를 통해 더욱 효과적인 발음 교육방법 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. Kim, Hong-Ja. 2015. Pronunciation Errors of Korean Learners on the segmental Level in English. Today, the communication skill is considered more important than the pronunciation skills of the phonemes in a foreign language teaching. The changes in the word and sentence stress can lead to difficulty in understanding. For this reason, the contrastive study of the two languages on segmental level is required more than the contrastive study on the segmental level. The segmental features in the English have a distinctive function. But the segmental features in Korean have distinctive function. Therefore, the contrastive study on the segmental level is properly researched. In this paper, Pronunciation errors of Korean learners on the segmental level in English are examined. For most Korean learners, the first syllable was stressed within a word. They pronounced words without considering the length (long or short) of vowels. Because Korean learners did not make a significant difference in pitch pronunciation and tension, it was difficult to determine which melody pattern (rising, falling or level) was realized.

산업근로자의 식생활 의식행태 조사

김무룡,황연자,차경미,이순자,위광복,남철현,김기열,김홍길 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

This study was carried out to grasp the awareness and habits of food intake and use the information for health education program in order to help healthy dietary life. The survey was done in cooperation with health manager in industries on 1,200 workers who was selected randomly from 5 types of industries from Sep. 2 to Oct. 31, 1995. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The percentage of subjects who assess themselves "Healthy" was more higher in female, in 20∼29 age group, in single, in daytime workers, in college graduate than other groups respectively. 2) As for the degree of health education satisfaction, 35.5% of the subjects answered "dissatisfaction" 3) As for the exercise, 52.7% exercised for their health and the rate of exercise was more higher in male, in 30 years age group, in single than other groups respectively. 4) The rate of smoking was 57.6% and the rate of drinking alcohol was 47.3%. 5) 92.8% of the subjects got stress everyday and the rate is more higher in female, in less than 19 years old, in single, in longer working duration, in lower income, in high school graduates, in workers of product field line than other groups respectively. 6) As for drinking times of coffee or soft drink, two times per day was 29.5%, more three times per day was 28.0%. As for the eating speed of meal, 46.0% of the subjects answered "fast" and the rate was more higher in male, in 30 years age group, in married group, than other groups respectively. 7) With regard to the level of preference to instant food, 23.1% preferred to take instant food. As for the level of preference to hot and salty food, 28.1% preferred to have hot and salty food. 8) The score of eating behavior was 3.38±32 point to 6 point full marks. 9) With regard to the correlation among related variables, the variables of gender, marital status and working duration had positive relation with the variables of regular meal intake, the preference to food intake between regular meals.

폐결핵치료 중인 환자에서 Rifampicin에 의해 유발된 위막성 대장염 2예

김봉진,권균홍,임창섭,김자영,홍정범,옥미선,배용목,김지연 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a disease caused by Clostridium difficile proliferation. The causative drugs are clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, flouroquinolone and so on. Rifampicin has been reported as a cause of PMC in the 1980s, and the frequency of PMC is increasing because rifampicin is a first line drug for anti-tuberculosis therapy. Two patients were recently admitted to our hospital due to watery diarrhea for 1 month and they were diagnosed with PMC by sigmoidoscopy. Their onset age were 74, 72 years old and latent period of symptoms were 60, 129 days, respectively. In one case, the patient displayed coexisting hypertension and diabetes. The clinical symptoms improved after discontinuing the rifampicin and then administering oral metronidazole. We report here on two cases presumed to be rifampicin-induced PMC.

내시경역행성담췌관조영술 후 발생한 종격동기종, 피하공기증, 긴장성 기흉 1예

조용건,이현승,권균홍,김자영,김봉진,김지연,배용목,박선자 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

However, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is still helpful procedure for the diagonosis of the pancreatobiliary disease and treatment through endoscopic sphinterectomy (EST) is relatively safe, these have possiblity of complications such as hemorrhage, infection, panceatitis, and perforation. ERCP related perforation was rarely reported in 0.3 to 1.1% of previous study, but most serious complication. A report of Pneumomediastinum, Tension Pneumothorax complicating perforation after ERCP and EST is very uncommon. In our hospital, we experienced case of pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and tension pneumothorax after ERCP and EST, and the patient (a 58 years old female with suspicious common bile duct stone) was treated successfully with conservative treatment.

말기 위암 외래 환자에게 제공된 통증관리의 염려 및 주저정도에 미치는 효과

공성화,이상홍,정자현,김지영,이수연,김순애 임상간호사회 2004 임상간호연구 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cancer pain-management-education on the concerns and hesitancy of pain-management in out-patient of terminal gastric cancer. Method: 24 terminal gastric cancer patients who had not surgery, were assigned to the control group and 24 were assigned to the experimental group receiving pain-management-education. As Measurement-instrument of concern on pain-management and questionnaire on degrees of hesitancy were used the questionnaire developed by Ward( 1993) and translated by Kim Hong-Soo(1998). Data were analyzed per descriptive analysis, x²-test and t-test with the SPSS 10.0 program. Result: Degrees of concern of cancer-patient on pain-management between experimental-group and control-group showed significant difference: Experimental-group changed from 2.52 to 1.13 point(maximum 5 point) and control-group from 2.59 to 2.40 point(p=.000). Degrees of hesitancy of cancer-patient on pain-management between two groups showed significant difference. Experimental-group changed from 2.33 to 1.35 point and control-group from 2.77 to 2.52 point(p=.000). Conclusion: Above findings showed that pain-management-education reduces the concern and hesitancy on pain-management in out-patient of terminal gastric cancer. We conclude that the pain-management-education in this study was identified the effective nursing program.

Carcinogen에 대한 분자궤도함수론적 고찰

金子弘,金滄烈 全北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The electronic structure of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, dibenzcarbazole has been carried out by using the FMO method. On the basis of theoretical calculations, it has been proposed a optimum value of indices (0.5) which corresponds to the sum of frontier electron density. The results have been supported by explaining the carcinogenic activity.

환경과학교육과 교사교육에 관한 연구

김자홍,이병운 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1981 敎育論叢 Vol.1 No.-

환경과학교육에 대한 태도와 교수방법에 대하여 설문지법으로 393명의 반응을 얻었다. 환경과학교육을 다른 교과목에 추가하여 다루게 될 경우 현재 실시되고 있는 교과과정에서 관련요소를 추출하고 교과목표 및 개념체계를 수립하였다. The attitude and science teaching toward the environmental science education have been surveyed by the questionaire method collected from 393 teachers. As a new subject to be added to other disciplines, in which case its objectives and concept systems were established, and the elements which is related to their contents in current secondary school science curriculum were infused.

小兒 알레르기性 紫斑症

金洪培,孫璨洛,姜德植,具滋薰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1982 慶北醫大誌 Vol.23 No.2

저자는 1977년 1월부터 1982년 8월까지 5년 8개월간 경북의대 부속병원 소아과에 알레르기성 자반증으로 입원하였던 환아 36예를 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 성별 분포는 남녀 각각 50%로서 차이가 없었고 계절별 분포는 상기도감염이 빈번한 봄, 겨울이 72.2%를 차지하였으며, 선행질환으로서는 상기도 감염이 69.4%에서 인지되었고 알레르기성 병력을 가진 환아는 13.9%였다. 임상증상은 피부병변이 100%, 위장관계 증상이 88.9%, 관절증상이 61.1%에서 나타났었다. 신장침범은 33.3%였으며 현미경적 혈뇨가 1예, 현미경적 혈뇨 및 경도의 단백뇨가 3예, 현미경적 혈뇨 및 심한 단백뇨가 2예였다. 육안적 혈뇨 및 경도의 단백뇨는 1예, 육안적 혈뇨 및 심한 단백뇨는 4예가 있었으며, RPGN이 1예였다. 이중 6예에서 신생검을 시행하였으며, 2예는 경도의 병변을 보였고 나머지 4예는 모두 반월체를 형성하는등 심한 병변을 보였다. RPGN 경과를 취한 1예는 사망하였다. 신침범과 이와 관련된다고 생각되는 인자들, 즉 5세 이상의 연령군, 성별, 위장관증상의 경중, 관절증상의 유무, 재발유무 등과의 관계를 살펴본 결과 신침범을 일으킨 환아에서 심한 위장관증상 및 재발율이 다소 높게 나타났으나, 통계적 처리로서는 특별한 의의가 없는 것으로 나타났다. A clinical observation has been made on 36 children with Henoch-Scho¨nlein perpura who were admitted to pediatric department of KNU hospital from January 1977 to August 1982. Rate of male to female patients was 1:1, and the majority of cases developed illness during spring and winter months. URI was noticed as preceding illness in 69.4% of cases, and allergic history was elicited in 13.9%. Clinical manifestations showed involvement of skin in 100%. GIT in 88.9%, joint in 61.9% and kidney in 33.3%. Out of 12 cases in whom nephritis developed, 1 case showed microscopic hematuria, 3 cases microscopic hematurai with mild proteinuria, 2 cases microspic hematuria with heavy proteinuria, 1 case macroscopic hematuria with mild proteinuria, 4 cases macroscopic hematuria with heavy proteinuria and 1 case RPGN. Percutaneous renal biopsy performed on 6 cases revealed minimal change in 2 cases and severe renal involvement with crescent formation in 4 cases. Relationship between renal involvement and other parameters including age grou over 5 years, sex, severity of GIT symptoms and presence of recurrence showed somewhat high incidence of severe GIT involvement and presence of recurrence in patients with renal involement. However statistical analysis showed no significant difference.

小兒腎症候群에 關한 臨床的 觀察

金幸美,李昌浩,具滋薰,安斗洪 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

著者는 지난 3年間 慶北醫大 附屬病院小兒科에 入院하였던 特發性腎症候群 患兒 38名을 對象으로 臨床症狀, steroid療法에의 反應度, 豫後에 영항을 미치는 要因, 再發樣狀等을 觀祭하였으며 steroid 療法에 不良한 反應을 보인 17名에서는 經皮的腎生檢을 시행하였다. 또한 9名에서는 methylprednisolone의 "pulse" therapy, 5名에서는 cytoxan을 使用하여 아래와 같은 結果를 얻었다. 發病年齡은 3~7歲가 16名(42%)으로 가장 많았고 男兒 28各, 女兒 10名으로 男女比 約 3:1로 男兒가 많았다. 初發 및 再發時의 臨床症狀은 심한 全身浮腫이 71.1%, 腹水 및 胸腔渗出液이 65.8%, 胃腸障碍가 47.4%에서 觀察되었으며, 初期 steroid療法으로 完全寬解를 보인 경우는 14名(37.8%), 部分的寬解 17名(46%), 不良한 反應을 보인 경우는 6名(16.2%)였으며 20名(57.1%)에서 2週以內에 利尿의 招來 및 蛋白尿 消失을 보였다. 腎炎所見은 全例에 있어서 血尿 21.6%, 高血壓 10.8%. 및 窒素血症 24.3%로서 steroid 療法에 不良한 反應을 보인 患兒들에게서 높은 頻度를 나타내었으며, 1年以上 追跡觀察된 21各中 9名(43%)에서 첫 1年以內에 再發이 있었고 再發例의 約 半數에서 上氣道感染이 동반되었다. 17名에서 施行한 腎組織檢査 所見은 minimal change 8例, membranoproliferative glomeruloneph ritis 및 membranous glomerulopathy 各 3例, focal segmental sclerosis 1例 및 focal proliferative glomerulonephritis 2例로서 男女比는 13:4였다. 이 중 steroid 療法에 反應이 좋지 않았던 9各에 있어서 methylprednisolone의 "pulse" therapy를 시행한 結果 5名에게는 檢査所見의 현저한 好轉 및 再發이 없어지는 등의 成果를 얻었으며, 또한 cytoxan을 使用한 5名中 2名에서 完金寬解가 있었다. 같은 期間 동안 入院하였던 急性絲球體腎炎 患兒 54名中 6名에서 二次性腎症候群이 병발되었으며, 또한 1日 2gm/㎡ 以上의 多重의 蛋白尿는 急性絲球 體腎炎 6名 및 心不全症 2名에서 觀察되었다. A clinical observation was done on 38 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who had been admitted to our pediatric department during 2 years and 9 months period, from January 1978 to September 1980. The following results were obtained: At the beginning of illness. 42% were in the age group of 3-7 year, and male to female ratio was approximately 3:1 of male preponderance. During initial attack and subsequnt relapses, pitting edema on extremities was noticed in all cases, followed in frequency by generalized edema in 71%, ascites and/or pleural effusion in 65.8% and GI trouble in 47.4%. Response to initial continuous steroid therapy showed complete remission(group 4) in 37.8%, partial remission (group 2&3) in 46% and no response (group 1) in 16.2%. Within 2 weeks after institution of steroid therapy, both diuresis and disappearance of proteinuria were noted in 57.1%. Nephritic manifestations, eg. hematuria, hypertension & azotemia, were seen in 21.6%, 10.8%, 24.3% respectively, and the majority of children with these manifestation showed poor response to steroid therapy. Nine out of 21 patients in whom follow-up could be done over 1 year, experienced one or more relapses, giving 43% relapse rate during the 1st year, and URI was accompanied in about half of these episodes. Percutaneous renal biopsy done on 17 patients who showed steroid dependency, or no response to poor response toward steroid therapy showed the following results: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in 8, membranous nephropathy in 3, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3, focal segmental sclerosis in 1 and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in 2. And male to female ratio was 13:4. "Pulse therapy" with bolus dosage of methylprednisolone was tried on 9 patients, resulting in disappearance of relapse, or significant improvement in blood chemistry & urinary finding in 5. And 2 out of 5 patients in whom immunosuppressant therapy with cytoxan was given due to poor response to steroid, experienced complete remission. During the same study period, secondary nephrotic syndrome was observed in 6 out of 54 patients with acute glomerulonephritis, and heavy proteinuria alone, defined as proteinuria over 2gm/㎡ day, was seen in 6 patients with acute glomerulonephrits and 2 patients with congestive heairt failure.