고강도 오세템퍼주강의 기계적성질에 미치는 열처리 영향

문원진,김효정,김익수,강창용,이종남,박성부 한국열처리공학회 1998 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

The study was investigated on the effect of austenitiaing and austempering conditions on retained austenite amount and carbon contents in retained austenite and simultaneously the effect of these variation on hardness, tensile and impact properties. A material of as-cast condition is composed of bull's eye structure with ferrite surrounding spheroidized graphite having about 5-10㎛ size and matrix structure of pearlite. Then, the contents of spheroidized graphite was about 5%. The retained austenite and carbon contents in the retained austenite were increased with the increasing of austenitizing and austempering temperatures, while the retained austenite showed the peak value and is decreased with increasing of austempering time. With increasing of austenitizing temperature, tensile strength, elongation and impact absorb energy increased and hardness was almost not changed, while with increasing of austempering temperature, tensile strength and hardness decreased, whereas elongation and impact absorb energy was increased. With increasing of retained austenite amount, the tensile strength is slowly decreased but elongation was increased with direct proportion. Also, Impact absorb energy is shown identity value untile about 18%, but rapidly increased above it. Elongation and Impact absorb energy are strongly controlled by the amount of retained austenite, but tensile strength is affected with various factors such as retained austenite amount and bainitic morphology.

CsI(Li) 단결정의 섬광특성

강희동,도시홍,이우교,김완,노태익,문병수 한국센서학회 1999 센서학회지 Vol.8 No.5

CsI(Li) single crystals doped with 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mole% lithium as an activator were grown by Czochralski method. The lattice structure of grown CsI(Li) single crystal was bcc, its lattice constant was 4.568 Å. The absorption edge of CsI(Li) single crystal was 245 nm, and the spectral range of luminescence was 300 ∼ 600 nm, its maximum luminescence intensity appeared at 425 nm. The energy resolutions of CsI(Li) single crystal doped with 0.2 mole% lithium were 14.5 % for ^(137)Cs(662 keV), 11.4 % for ^(54)Mn(835 keV) and 17.7 o and 7.9 o for ^(22)Na(511 keV and 1275 keV), respectively. The relation formula of y -ray energy versus energy resolution was In ( FWHM% ) = -0.893 lnE + 8.456 and energy calibration formula was logE_r=1.455los(ch.)-1.277. The phosphorescence decay time of CsI(Li) crystal doped with 0.2 mole% lithium was 0.51 s at room temperature, and its time resolution measured by CFT(constant-fraction timing method) was 9.0 ns.

육성돈에서 Phytase 첨가가 Extrusion 한 쌀겨의 P 이용성에 미치는 영향

김영길,김인호,손중천,김은주,권기범,문태현 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 시험은 육성돈에 있어 extrusion된 쌀겨에 대한 P의 이용성과 extrusion된 쌀겨에 phytase를 첨가하므로서 P의 이용성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 영양소 소화 시험을 실시하였다. Extrusion된 쌀겨와 extrusion된 쌀겨에 phytase을 첨가한 구간의 비교는 phytase의 첨가에 의해 건물 소화율이 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.04). N 소화율은 쌀겨구 보다는 extrusion된 쌀겨구에서 약간의 증가를 보였다(P<0.07). Ca(P<0.06)과 P(P<0.01)의 소화율은 모두 extrusion된 쌀겨에 phytase의 첨가수준이 다를 경우 500 unit보다는 1,000 mini에서 더 좋은 효과를 보였다. 분 중 P 배설량(2.72g/d vs 3.89g/d)은 extrusion된 쌀겨보다는 extrusion된 쌀겨에 phytase을 첨가하므로서 줄어들었다(P<0.08). 또한 phytase의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 P의 축적량이 증가함을 알 수 있었다(P<0.04). 한편 Ca 섭취량, 배설량 및 축적량은 모든 처리구 간에 통계적인 유의성을 찾아볼 수 없었다. 그러나 최종 Ca 축적량은 쌀겨에 비해 extrusion된 쌀겨의 경우 15%가 향상되었다(6.64g/d vs 5.77g/d). An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of microbial phytase and feed processing on production and phytate P utilization of pigs. Four crossbred barrows with average initial body weight of 30㎏ were used in 24-d metabolism experiment(4 x 4 latin square) to determine the effect of extruded rice bran and phytase supplementation on nutrient utilization. Digestibility of DM in pigs fed extruded rice bran with phytase improved compared to that in pigs fed extruded rice bran(P<0.04). N digestibility was greater for extruded rice bran than rice bran(P<0.07). However, there was no effect of phytase supplementation to extruded rice bran. Digeshbilities of Ca(P<0.06) and P(P<0.01) were greatest for extruded rice bran with phytase 1,000 unit. Fecal excretion of P(2.72g/d vs 3.89g/d) was less for extruded rice bran with phytase than without phytase(P<0.08). Also, when phytase supplementation was increased in diet, there was increased P retention(P<0.04). There were no treatment effects intake, excretion and retention of Ca. However, Ca retention improved by 15% in extruded rice bran compared to rice bran(6.44g/d vs 5.77g/d).

비타민 A 급여수준과 거세가 한우 지방조직의 지방산조성 및 육질에 미치는 영향

안병홍,김병호,문여황 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

한우 수소를 거세를 시키거나 사료중의 비타민 A 수준을 요구량보다 낮게 급여하였을 때 한우의 근내지방과 피하지방 조직의 지방산 조성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 평균체중 292㎏ 되는 약 9개월령 한우 36두(수소 9두, 거세우 27두)를 공시하였다. 처리구는 수소구, 거세우구 및 2 수준의 비타민 A 제한급여구의 4처리구를 두었고 수소구는 전 비육기간동안 비타민 A를 요구량(4000IU/㎏)의 100%를 급여하였으며, 거세우구에서는 비육전기와 비육후기동안 비타민 A를 각각 요구량의 100-100%, 60-30% 및 40-20%로 급여하였다. 비육기간은 체중에 따라 비육전기(300∼420㎏)와 비육후기(420∼600㎏)로 나누었고 공시측은 각 처리구당 9두씩 모두 36두를 난괴법으로 배치하여 시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 한우 수소를 거세를 시키면 근내지방 조직중에 myristic acid(14:0), palmitic acid(16:0), palmitoleic acid(16:1) 및 oleic acid(18:1) 함량은 높아졌고 (P<0.05), stearic acid(18:0)와 linoleic acid(18:2) 함량은 떨어졌다(P<0.05). 거세우구의 비타민 A 수준간에는 근내 지방산 조성에 큰 차이가 없었으나 oleic acid 함량은 사료중의 비타민 A 수준이 떨어질수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 그러나 피하지방 조직중에서는 수소를 거세를 시키거나 사료중의 비타민 A 수준이 떨어져도 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향에는 myristic acid를 제외하고는 차이가 없었다. 수소를 거세를 시키면 도체중, 도체율, 배최장근 단면적은 차이가 없었으나 육량지수는 떨어졌고, 거세우구에서 비타민 A 100%구와 60-30% 구간에는 육량특성에 차이는 없었으나 40-20% 구에서는 도체율이 떨어졌고 육량등급도 나빴다. 수소를 거세를 시키면 근내지방도는 높아졌으나 (P<0.05) 육색, 지방색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 차이가 없었다. 거세우구의 비타민 A 수준간에는 지방색은 거세와 비타민 A 급여수준이 낮아질수록 백색에 가까워 졌으나(P<0.05) 근내지방도, 육색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 차이가 없었다. 육질등급은 거세우구는 1등급이 89%였으나 수소구는 3등급이 67%로서 거세를 하면 육질이 크게 향상되었고 거세우구의 비타민 A 수준간에는 비타민 100%구와 60-30%는 1등급 출현율이 차이가 없었으나 40-20%구는 1등급이 56%로 떨어졌다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of castration and the reduction of dietary vitamin A levels on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and beef quality in thirty six Hanwoo calves. At nine months old and weighing about 292㎏ the calves were randomly allotted into one of four groups: (1) uncastrated bulls and (2) castrated bulls(steers); received 100% of the vitamin A requirement, respectively (3) castrated bulls(steers); received 60% and 30% of the vitamin A requirement for period I and II, respectively (4) castrated bulls(steers) ; received 40% and 20% of the vitamin A requirement during period I and II, respectively. When the bulls were castrated, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids of iutramuscular adipose tissue increased(P<0.05), but stearic and linoleic acids decreased(P<0.05). The composition of fatty acid of intramuscular adipose tissue of steers was not affected by the dietary vitamin A levels. However, levels of oleic acid tended to increase with a decrease of vitamin A levels in the diets. The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue was not affected by castration or the dietary vitamin A levels except for myristic acid which tended to decrease. The carcass weight, dressing percentage and ribeye area did not differ between bulls and steers, but the yield index was lower in steers than in bulls. The marbling score and beef quality of a carcass was remarkably(P<0.05) improved by castration but meat color, fat color, firmness and maturity did not differ between bulls and steers. The carcass fat color of steers was whiter(P<0.05) when dietary vitamin A levels was lower. According to these results, it can be concluded that feeding the steers a diet with 60% of the vitamin A requirement would be suitable.

한국곤충연구소 소장 메뚜기목(目)의 목록 : 긴꼬리과, 귀뚜라미과 및 땅강아지과(귀뚜라미상과(上科)) Oecanthidae, Gryllidae and Gryllotalpidae (Grylloidea)

윤일병,문태영 고려대학교 한국곤충연구소 1994 昆蟲硏究誌 Vol.20 No.1

한국산 말벌아과(亞科)의 다양성 보존에 관하여

윤일병,문태영,김정규 고려대학교 한국곤충연구소 1992 昆蟲硏究誌 Vol.18 No.1

韓國産 말벌亞科의 多樣性 保存에 관하여. 문태영, 김정규, 윤일병(고려대학교 곤충연구소, 생물학과) 昆蟲硏究誌. 18 : 63~69, 1992. 현재 都市 및 半自然地域에서 급격히 감소되고 있는 말벌類들의 保存을 위해 분류, 생태 및 기타 정보들을 검토하고 정리하였다. 현재까지 보고된 한국산 말벌亞科 種들을 최근의 분류체제에 따라 검토한 결과 13종으로 정리되었는데, 이를 중국 동북부에 분포하는 16種 그리고 일본의 16種과 비교한 결과, 量的인 統計分析에서는 동북아에서 중국가 일본이 차지하는 지역간 種多樣度가 같으나, 系統評價法와 缺損補完法을 사용하여 優先保存判定을 겸한 質的인 多樣度의 測定 結果는 일본, 중국, 한국의 순서로 높은 다양도가 실험적으로 측정되었다. 그러나 중국, 한국, 일본은 각각 18, 15, 21 亞種을 보유하고 있어 末端分類群에 種內多樣性이 고려되면 결과는 다를수 있지만, 동북아에서 種下 分類群의 다양성 측정은 분류 자체가 더 연구될 필요가 있으므로 다루어지지 않았다. 한편, 말벌들의 다양성에 관한 추후 연구를 위해 생태학적인 정보들을 요약 정리하고, 그 보존의 필요성을 제시했다. The diversity are compared between the vespine fauna from northeast China, Korea and Japan, that have respectively 16, 13 and 16 species. Consequently, the highest diversity score is given to Japan, then the second to China, and the lowest to Korea, when the species is the terminal taxa for measuring the diversity scores using the taxonomic root weighting and complimentarity. However, 18, 15 and 21 subspecies are recognized respectivly from the countries. Ecological information is digestively reviewed to provide a launching point for further studies in Korea. It is suggested that the systematic and ecological knowledge should be in urgent need to understand and to conserve the vespine diversity particularly in the urban and semiwild areas, where the urbanization has been rapidly in process and constantly vespine babitats have been destroyed consciously or unconsciously.

한국곤충연구소 소장 메뚜기목의 목록 : 민충이과와 여치과(여치상과(上科)) Deracanthidae and Tettigoniidae (Tettigonoidea)

윤일병,문태영 고려대학교 한국곤충연구소 1993 昆蟲硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

韓國昆蟲硏究所 所藏 메뚜기目의 目錄, Ⅰ. 민충이科와 여치科(여치上科). 文太暎 · 尹一炳(高麗大學校 附設 韓國昆蟲硏究所, 生物學科), 昆蟲硏究誌, 19 : 55-59, 1993. 韓國昆蟲硏究所에 소장된 메뚜기類의 標本들 중에서 여치上科 즉, 민충이科와 여치科에 속한 種들이 우선 정리되고, 그 결과와 표본정보가 전산정보관리체계에 입력되었다. 과거에 발표된 문헌에서 사용된 證據表本들을 가능한 찾아내어 재동정하였다. 결과적으로 한국곤충연구소에 소장된 여치上科의 표본은 1科 6亞科 15屬 24種으로 구성되었으며, 이는 국내에 알려진 여치種의 77.42%에 해당된다. The orthopteran materials accumulated in Korean Entomological Institute (KEI) were examined. As a beginning part of the work, the Tettigonoidea composed of Deracanthidae and Tettigoniidae were put into systematic order and databased with information of their labels. The specimens reported in various publicatons were traced with priority and re-examined if they were still available to. Amongst them, a small number of materials were registered here as vouchers, and preserved in a separate section of KEI. The rest of specimens in good condition were also examined and tagged relevant identification labels on, but remained in general collection. The samples were consequently arranged into 1 family 6 subfamilies 15 genera 24 species under Tettigonoidea. It covers 77.42% of the Tettogonoidean fauna known from Korea.

Aggravation of post-ischemic liver injury by overexpression of A20, an NF-κB suppressor

Yu, J.,Lee, H.S.,Lee, S.M.,Yu, H.C.,Moon, W.S.,Chung, M.J.,Park, J.W.,Park, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2011 Journal of hepatology Vol.55 No.2

Backgroud & Aims: A20 is an intracellular ubiquitin-editing enzyme that plays an important role in the negative feedback regulation of NF-κB activation in response to a diverse range of stimuli. Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with rapid activation of NF-κB signaling, but the role of NF-κB in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury remains controversial. The NF-κB signaling pathway mediates both protective and deleterious effects in the liver. Here, we examined whether A20 inhibited or aggravated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: We used IκBα super-repressor as a positive control and overexpressed A20 and IκBα super-repressor in the liver of C57BL/6 mice. Mice underwent 45min of partial hepatic ischemia and were then reperfused. Results: Protein level of A20 was increased after reperfusion. Mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury showed increased NF-κB activation, as evidenced by phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Prior transfection with Ad-A20 or Ad-IκBα super-repressor attenuated NF-κB activation and aggravated liver injury. Serum aminotransferases and proinflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular necrosis, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were markedly increased compared to those of uninfected or control virus infected mice. In addition, A20 abolished the beneficial effect of ischemic preconditioning. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activation by A20 aggravated partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Understanding how the NF-κB pathway plays a role in directing a clinical outcome may lead to better prospects of more rational approaches to reduce post-ischemic liver injury.

Enhanced strength and ductility in particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

Kai, X.Z.,Li, Z.Q.,Fan, G.L.,Guo, Q.,Xiong, D.B.,Zhang, W.L.,Su, Y.S.,Lu, W.J.,Moon, W.J.,Zhang, D. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.587 No.-

Reinforcement agglomeration always leads to severe stress concentration and porosity, which is detrimental to the deformation ability and mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites. In this study, uniform distribution of 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C has been achieved in B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite by means of flake powder metallurgy (Flake PM), in which flake Al powder is used as the starting material. The flake Al powder exhibits higher apparent volume than spherical powders of the same mass, and thus can provide more space to accommodate the B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles. Therefore, compared with conventional PM, Flake PM can lead to more uniform distribution of B<SUB>4</SUB>C particles in the composite powder as well as in the consolidated composite. Meanwhile, the flake Al powder has a nano skin of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, which could be fractured and dispersed inside the fine matrix grains during consolidation, and were found to induce a higher normalized strain hardening rate for the composite during deformation. As a result, the Flake PM 32vol%B<SUB>4</SUB>C/Al composite exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 305MPa and a uniform elongation of 6.6%, 63% stronger and 13% more ductile than its counterpart fabricated by conventional PM.

Cloning and functional characterization of the p65 subunit of NF-κB from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Kong, H.J.,Moon, J.H.,Moon, J.Y.,Kim, J.M.,Nam, B.H.,Kim, Y.O.,Kim, W.J.,Lee, S.J. Academic Press 2011 Fish & shellfish immunology Vol.30 No.1

NF-κB is a master transcription factor found in almost all cell types that responds to diverse cellular stimuli by activating the expression of stress response genes, including immune-related genes. cDNA encoding the p65 subunit of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) NF-κB (Po-p65) was isolated through an EST analysis of an olive flounder cDNA library, a screen of BAC library, and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA for Po-p65 encodes a polypeptide 626 amino acids in length containing a well-conserved Rel-homology domain (RHD). The primary sequence of Po-p65 showed strong homology with p65 from perch and zebrafish (82.7 and 64.4%, respectively), and shared 43.4-42.1% homology with p65 from other species, including mammals, while the N-terminal RHD of Po-p65 showed strong identity (95.6-67.8%) with that of other species. Po-p65 mRNA expression was detected in all flounder tissues examined. The over-expression of full-length Po-p65 (Po-p65f), but not of a Po-p65 C-terminus deletion mutant (Po-p65ΔC), stimulated κB element-driven reporter (κB-luc) activity in a dose-dependent manner and regulated the expression of p65 target genes, including TNF-α and IκB-α, in HINAE olive flounder cells. Po-p65f translocated to the nucleus following stimulation with poly I:C in HINAE cells. Together, these results suggest that Po-p65 is evolutionarily and functionally conserved in flounder and mammals and may provide clues to the detailed molecular mechanism(s) underlying immune response regulation in flounder.