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        Original Article : The Neuroprotective Effect of Maltol against Oxidative Stress on Rat Retinal Neuronal Cells

        ( Yookyung Song ),( Samin Hong ),( Yoko Iizuka ),( Chan Yun Kim ),( Gong Je Seong ) 대한안과학회 2015 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.29 No.1

        Purpose: Maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone), formed by the thermal degradation of starch, is found in coffee, caramelized foods, and Korean ginseng root. This study investigated whether maltol could rescue neuroretinal cells from oxidative injury in vitro. Methods: R28 cells, which are rat embryonic precursor neuroretinal cells, were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 0.0 to 1.5 mM) as an oxidative stress with or without maltol (0.0 to 1.0 mM). Cell viability was monitored with the lactate dehydrogenase assay and apoptosis was examined by the terminal deoxynucleotide transferase- mediated terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of maltol, the expression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 were evaluated by Western immunoblot analysis. Results: R28 cells exposed to H2O2 were found to have decreased viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was decreased with the addition of maltol. When R28 cells were exposed to 1.0 mM H2O2 for 24 hours, the cytotoxicity was 60.69 ± 5.71%. However, the cytotoxicity was reduced in the presence of 1.0 mM maltol. This H2O2-induced cytotoxicity caused apoptosis of R28 cells, characterized by DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis of oxidatively-stressed R28 cells with 1.0 mM H2O2 was decreased with 1.0 mM maltol, as determined by the TUNEL method. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with maltol reduced phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, and JNK, but not p38. The neuroprotective effects of maltol seemed to be related to attenuated expression of NF-κB, ERK, and JNK. Conclusions: Maltol not only increased cell viability but also attenuated DNA fragmentation. The results obtained here show that maltol has neuroprotective effects against hypoxia-induced neuroretinal cell damage in R28 cells, and its effects may act through the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Flexible transparent conducting films with embedded silver networks composed of bimodal-sized nanoparticles for heater application

        Park, Ji Sun,Song, Yookyung,Park, Daseul,Kim, Yeon-Won,Kim, Yoon Jin IOP 2018 Nanotechnology Vol.29 No.25

        <P>A facile one-pot synthetic method for preparing the Ag nanoparticle inks with a bimodal size distribution was newly devised and they were successfully employed as a conducting filler to form the metal-mesh type transparent conducting electrodes on the flexible substrate. Bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticles were synthesized through the polyol process, and their size variation was occurred via finely tuned composition ratio between Ag<SUP>+</SUP> ions and polymeric capping agents. The prepared bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticles exhibited the form of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticle inks without adding any dispersants and dispersion process. By filling the patterned micro-channels engraved on the flexible polymer substrate using a bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticle ink, a metal-mesh type transparent electrode (transmittance: 90% at 550 nm, haze: 1.5, area: 8?×?8 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was fabricated. By applying DC voltage to the mesh type electrode, a flexible transparent joule heater was successfully achieved with a performance of 4.5 °C s<SUP>−1</SUP> heat-up rate at a low input power density.</P>

      • Octahedral and Cubic Gold Nanoframes with Platinum Framework

        Ham, Songyi,Jang, Hee‐,Jeong,Song, Yookyung,Shuford, Kevin L.,Park, Sungho WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Angewandte Chemie Vol.127 No.31

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Herein, we report a general synthetic pathway to various shapes of three‐dimensional (3D) gold nanoframes (NFs) embedded with a Pt skeleton for structural rigidity. The synthetic route comprises three steps: site‐specific (edge and vertex) deposition of Pt, etching of inner Au, and regrowth of Au on the Pt framework. Site‐specific reduction of Pt on Au nanoparticles (NPs) led to the high‐quality of 3D Au NFs with good structural rigidity, which allowed the detailed characterization of the corresponding 3D metal NFs. The synthetic method described here will open new avenues toward many new kinds of 3D metal NFs.</P>

      • Fabrication of 2D Au Nanorings with Pt Framework

        Jang, Hee-Jeong,Ham, Songyi,Acapulco, Jesus A. I.,Song, Yookyung,Hong, Soonchang,Shuford, Kevin L.,Park, Sungho American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.50

        <P>Surface plasmonics of nanomaterials has been one of the main research themes in nanoscience. Spherical and elongated nanoparticles show their corresponding unique optical features mainly depending on the physical dimensions. Here we successfully synthesized Au nanorings having Pt framework (Pt@Au nanorings) with high uniformity through wet-chemistry. The synthetic strategy consisted of serial reactions involving site-selective growth of Pt on the rim of Au nanoplates, subsequent etching of Au nanoplates, followed by regrowth of Au on the Pt rim. In this synthetic method, Au<SUP>3+</SUP> ions exhibited dual functionality as an etchant and a metal precursor. The resultant product, Pt@Au nanorings, exhibited unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) bands originating from the Au shell. The inner Pt skeleton turns out to be important to hold structural stability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-50/ja510916y/production/images/medium/ja-2014-10916y_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja510916y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

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