Modeling, Preparation, and Elemental Doping of Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ Garnet-Type Solid Electrolytes: A Review

Cao, Shiyu,Song, Shangbin,Xiang, Xing,Hu, Qing,Zhang, Chi,Xia, Ziwen,Xu, Yinghui,Zha, Wenping,Li, Junyang,Gonzale, Paulina Mercedes,Han, Young-Hwan,Chen, Fei The Korean Ceramic Society 2019 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.56 No.2

Recently, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their higher energy density and safety. As the core material of ASSBs, the characteristics of the solid electrolyte largely determine the performance of the battery. Thus far, a variety of inorganic solid electrolytes have been studied, including the NASICON-type, LISICON-type, perovskite-type, garnet-type, glassy solid electrolyte, and so on. The garnet Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) solid electrolyte is one of the most promising candidates because of its excellent comprehensively electrochemical performance. Both, experiments and theoretical calculations, show that cubic LLZO has high room-temperature ionic conductivity and good chemical stability while contacting with the lithium anode and most of the cathode materials. In this paper, the crystal structure, Li-ion transport mechanism, preparation method, and element doping of LLZO are introduced in detail based on the research progress in recent years. Then, the development prospects and challenges of LLZO as applied to ASSBs are discussed.

Study on Mechanical Properties and Viscoelastic Properties of Bio-polyurethanes

Xiang Xu Li(리시앙수),Kyung Ho Jin(진경호),Ur Ryong Cho(조을룡) 한국고분자학회 2019 폴리머 Vol.43 No.5

바이오매스 유래의 azelaic acid, 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PD)를 사용하여 바이오 폴리에스터 폴리올을 합성하였다. 합성한 폴리에스터 폴리올에 MDI(4,4"-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)), H12MDI and IPDI(isophorone diisocyanate)와 사슬연장제로 1,4-butanediol(1,4-BD)을 넣고 바이오 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 그리고 사슬연장제 없이 poly(1,4-butylene adipate)를 폴리올로 사용하여 일반 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 고분자 가공분석기(RPA)의 변형 스윕(strain sweep) 기능을 사용하여 제조된 폴리우레탄의 점탄성을 조사하였다. UTM, shore A, ball rebound 및 taber기계를 사용하여 폴리우레탄의 인장강도, 경도, 반발탄성 및 내마모성 측정을 통하여 기계적 물성을 확인하였다. 제조된 바이오 폴리우레탄은 일반 폴리우레탄보다 더 좋은 점탄성, 내마모성 및 신장률(elongation rate)을 보였다. The bio-polyester polyol has been prepared by azelaic acid and 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PD) from biomass with esterification synthesis method, and MDI (4,4"-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)), H12MDI and IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) were used as isocyanates, 1,4-butanediol(1,4-BD) was used as chain extender. It also had been set the general polyurethane with SS-106 polyol, and bio-polyurethane without chain extender as control groups. The viscoelastic behaviors of the bio-polyurethanes were explored using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA) in the mode of strain sweep. And the mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness value, resilience, abrasion resistance) were characterized by UTM, shore A tester, ball rebound and taber abrasion resistance tester. From the results above, the bio-polyurethane which synthesized in this research with bio-polyester polyol showed better abrasion resistance, elongation rate and viscoelastic properties compared to the general polyurethane material as elastomers.

Effect of fermented biogas residue on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs

Xu, Xiang,Li, Lv-mu,Li, Bin,Guo, Wen-jie,Ding, Xiao-ling,Xu, Fa-zhi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: This study investigated the effect of fermented biogas residue (FBR) of wheat on the performance, serum biochemical parameters, and meat quality in pigs. Methods: We selected 128 pigs (the mean initial body weight was $40.24{\pm}3.08kg$) and randomly allocated them to 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups) with 4 replicates per group and 8 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight and sex. The control group received a corn-soybean meal-based diet, the treatment group fed diets containing 5%, 10%, and 15% FBR, respectively (abbreviated as FBR5, FBR10, and FBR15, respectively). Every group received equivalent-energy and nitrogen diets. The test lasted 60 days and was divided into early and late stages. Blood and carcass samples were obtained on 60 d. Meat quality was collected from two pigs per pen. Results: During the late stage, the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the treatment groups was greater than that of the control group (p<0.05). During the entire experiment, the average daily gain of the treatment groups was higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Fermented biomass residue did not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters or meat quality, but did affect amino acid profiles in pork. The contents of Asp, Arg, Tyr, Phe, Leu, Thr, Ser, Lys, Pro, Ala, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, and total amino acids in pork of FBR5 and FBR10 were greater than those of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These combined results suggest that feeding FBR could increase the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in pigs and the content of several flavor-promoting amino acids.

Sulfonated Chitosan with Carbon-based Solid Acid and its Application in the Reinforcement of Natural Rubber

Li Xiang Xu,Ge Xin,Zhang Yin Hang,Cho Ur Ryong 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Reinforced with Hybrids of Chitosan and Bamboo Charcoal/Silica

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.1

Chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -bamboo charcoal/silica (CS-PVA-BC/SI) hybrid fillers with compatibilized styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were fabricated by the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) method. The structure and composition of the composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The viscoelastic behaviors of the rubber composites and their vulcanizates were explored using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA) in the rheometer, strain sweep and temperature sweep modes. The storage and loss moduli of SBR increased significantly with the incorporation of different hybrid fillers, which was attributed to the formation of an interphase between the hybrid fillers and rubber matrix, and the effective dispersion of the hybrid fillers. The mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, oxygen transmission rate, and swelling rate) of the composite samples were characterized in detail. From the results of the mechanical test, it was found that BC-CS-PVA0SBR had the best mechanical properties. Therefore, the BC-CS-PVA hybrid filler provided the best reinforcement effects for the SBR latex in this research.

Study on Mechanical Properties Modification of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites Filling with Graphene and Molybdenum Disulfide

Xu, Li Xiang,Sohn, Mi Hyun,Kim, Yu Soo,Jeong, Ye Rin,Cho, Ur Ryong The Korean Society Of SemiconductorDisplay Technol 2019 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites, incorporated with graphene, molybdenum disulfide and their hybrid in different filling ratio, were fabricated by a two roll-mill. The dispersion states of all the samples' matrix were employed by carbon black dispersion tester. The curing properties of the pre-vulcanized rubber composites were investigated, after molding by heating press machine, the tensile strength, storage modulus, friction coefficient, the swelling property had also been tested according to ASTM. The composite G1M10 (filling with 1 phr graphene and 10 phr molybdenum) showed the best mechanical properties and viscoelastic properties in this research with a better filler dispersion state and more compact matrix structure.

Synthesis and Properties of Bio-Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with Different Isocyanate Contents

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Mi Hyun Sohn ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.3

Bio-based polyester polyol was synthesized via esterification between azelaic acid and isosorbide. After esterification, bio-based polyurethanes were synthesized using polyester polyol, 1,3-propanediol as the chain extender, and 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, in mixing ratios of 1:1:1.5, 1:1:1.8, 1:1:2, and 1:1:2.3. The bio TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) samples were characterized by using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), TGA (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). The mechanical properties (tensile stress and hardness) were obtained by using UTM, a Shore A tester, and a Taber abrasion tester. The viscoelastic properties were tested by an Rubber Processing Analyzer in dynamic strain sweep and dynamic frequency test modes. The chemical resistance was tested with methanol by using the swelling test method. Based on these results, the bio TPU synthesized with the ratio of 1:1:2.3, referred to as TPU 4, showed the highest thermal decomposition temperature, the largest molecular weight, and most compact matrix structure due to the highest ratio of the hard segment in the molecular structure. It also presented the highest tensile strength, the largest elongation, and the best viscoelastic properties among the different bio TPUs synthesized herein.

Study on Properties with Different Plasticizers in the Preparation of Polymer Compounds for Cable Sheath

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Sang Bong Lee ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.1

Four different polymer compounds were prepared from four kinds of plasticizers, viz. di-2-ethylhexyl azelate (DOZ), di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA), di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DOS), and di-2-butyl sebacate (DBS), for making cable sheaths for ships. Ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-propylene-diene-copolymer as matrix polymers and ethylene-vinyl acetate grafted maleic anhydride as a coupling agent were compounded with a flame retardant, crosslinking agent, filler, and other additives, besides the plasticizer to obtain the polymer compounds. The polymer containing DOZ showed the highest MH and ΔT in the rheology test, while that containing DBS was found to have the lowest tensile strength and highest elongation because of low ΔT. The four polymers showed similar values (31.7-31.9) for flame resistance, while the polymer containing DOZ showed the highest value for cold resistance.

Study on Property Change with a Fire Retardant Content in the Manufacture of Polymer Composites for Cable Sheath

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Sang Bong Lee ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.2

Four different polymer compounds were manufactured to make cable sheaths for the shipping industry. Two kinds of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as the main matrix polymers and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride (EVA-g-MAH) as the coupling agent were selected for compounding with fire retardant, crosslinking agent, filler, plasticizer, and other additives. The properties of the four compounded materials were investigated with different contents of the fire retardant, silanecoated magnesium dihydroxide (S-MDH). In the rheology evaluation, the t90 and ΔT values increased with increasing SMDH contents. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreased with increasing S-MDH content due to a relative decrease in binder polymers. With increasing S-MDH content, fire resistance increased, but cold resistance showed no obvious enhancement due to the polar effect of vinyl acetate in EVA.

Study on Property Modification with Polymer Compositions in the Manufacture of Compounds for Cable Sheath

( Xiang Xu Li ),( Sang Bong Lee ),( Ur Ryong Cho ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.3

Herein, three polymer compounds were manufactured using three polymer combination methods, ethylene-vinyl acetate/ethylene-propylene-diene-copolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-A (PE-A; density: 0.870), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-B (PE-B; density: 0.885), for making cable sheath for use in the shipping industry. In this study, EVA, EPDM, PE-A, and PE-B were used as matrix polymers, and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride was used as a coupling agent for compounding with various compounds such as a fire retardant, cross-linking agent, filler, and other additives, besides the plasticizer. ΔT, Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength increased in order of EPDM < PEA < PE-B, the probable reason is due to the different crosslinking effect. The three compounds showed similar results for fire resistance and aging resistance after compounding process, but they showed excellent cold resistance owing to the non-polarity of the polymers and sufficient plasticizer content.