컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

스포츠센터 직원들의 인구학적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스 및 직무만족의 차이

최종삼,조용철,장순용,정석진 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.1

This study purposes the influence of job stress upon job satisfaction of Sports Centers Employees demonstratively. I set up the employees of sports centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province as Population and took 300 employees in 13 sports centers using a stratified cluster random sampling. The actually used data were 278 workers except 22 employees who were judged to respond unfaithfully or to leave out some of the surveyed questions. I made a conclusion as follows through statistical analyses including reliability analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple range test. First, there was a statistical significance according to age, education, position, and working years in the job stress under personal characteristics and personalities of employees in sports centers. Second, there was a statistical significance according to age, education, position, and working years in the job satisfaction under personal characteristics and personalities of employees in sports centers.

FLexural Beam에 따른 초음파 물체부상 이송시스템의 진동특성

정상화,최석봉 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.2

In the semiconductor and optical industry. a new transport system which can replace the conventional transport system is required. The transport systems are driven by the magnetic field and the conveyer belt. The magnetic field may damage semiconductor and the contact force of the conveyer belt may scratch the optical lens. The system driven by the ultra sonic ware can solve these problems. In this semiconductor and optical industry. the non-contact system is required for reducing the damages. The ultrasonic transportation is the solution of the problem. In this paper, the ultrasonic levitation system for levitation object are proposed. The 3D vibration profile of the beam is measured by Laser Scanning Vibrometer for verifying the vibration characteristic of the system and the amplitude of the beam and the levitation heights of object are measured for evaluating the performance.

능동 클램프 ZVS 플라이백 컨버터의 역률개선에 관한 연구

최태영,류동균,이우석,안정준,원충연,김수석 성균관대학교 2002 학술회의지원논문목록집 Vol.2002 No.-

본 논문에서는 single-stage, two-stage 두가지 역률보상(PFC)기법을 기존의 능동 클램프 플라이백 컨버터에 적용하여 역률 개선을 하였다. 삽입된 플라이백 컨버터의 능동클램프회로가 주스위치와 보조스위치의 영전압스위칭(ZVS)을 구현하며, 스위칭 손실을 줄임으로써 고효율을 얻을 수 있고, 높은 주파수에서의 스위칭이 가능하다. 하지만 일반적으로 사용되는 다이오드정류기, 평활용커패시터에 의한 낮은 역률의 문제점이 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 300W급 능동 클램프ZVS플라이백 컨버터를 설계하여 single-stage, two-stage방식을 적용, 입력역률개선을 시뮬레이션과 실험에 의해 입증하고자 한다. This paper analyzed PFC of active clamp ZVS flyback converter by adding two method PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit - two-stage and single-stage. The addition of active clamp circuit also provide a mechanism for achieving ZVS of both the primary and auxiliary switches. ZVS also limits the turn off di/dt of the output rectifier, reducing rectifier switching loss and switching noise, due to diode reverse recovery. As a results, the proposed converters have characteristics of the reduced switching noise and high efficiency in comparison to conventional flyback converter. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed converters improve the input PF of 300W ZVS flyback converter by adding single-stage, two-stage PFC circuit.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

구간분할 바이너리 제어를 이용한 로봇핸드의 동특성에 관한 연구

정상화,차경래,김현욱,최석봉,김광호,박준호 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

In recent years, as the robot technology is developed the researches on the artificial muscle actuator that enable robot to move dextrously like biological organ become active. The widely used materials for artificial muscle are the shape memory alloy and the electro active polymer. These actuators have the higher energy density than the electromechanical actuator such as motor. However, there are some drawbacks for actuator. SMA has the hysterical dynamic characteristics. In this paper the segmented binary control for reducing the hysteresis of SMA is proposed and the simulation of anthropomorphic robotic hand is performed using ADAMS.

뇌동맥류 파열 환자에서 증후성 뇌혈관연축의 발생 및 회복에 영향을 미치는 인자들

최석민,석종식,권정택,민병국,황성남,김영백,홍현종 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

To determine the factors affecting development and recovery of symptomatic vasospasm. the author analysed the results of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by nimodipine and prophylactic “triple0H” therapy. From January 1991 to December 1995. 199 patients underwent surgery for ruptured intracerebral aneurysms. Combined hypervolemic hemodilution was initiated at the time of admission. Induced hypertension was added immediately after surgery(aneurysmal neck clipping). All patients received nimodipine intravenously or orally until the 14th day of SAH Sixty patients underwent surgery on Day 0 through 2 after attacks of subarachnoid hemorrhage(Goup A) 105 patients on Day 3 through 14(Group B). and 35 patients after Day 14(Group C). Of 199 patients. 76(38%) patients suffered from symtomatic vasospasm. Symptomatic vasospasm occured in 34% of Group A patients. 33% of Group B patients. and 5% of Group C patients. Symtomatic vasospasm occured more frequently in the older age group. the Fisher group 3 and Hunt & Hess grades 3, 4 and 5 groups. Of 76 patients who suffered from symptomatic vasospasm. 47(62%) patients recovered completely. The author analysed the relationship between recovery rate and sex, age. Hunt & Hess agrde and Fisher group among these 76 patients. Recovery rates between these groups were not significantly different. Based on this experience the author believes that Hunt-Hess grade. Fisher group and age are important factors affecting symptomatic vasospasm development.

지속적 외래 복막투석 환자에서 복막염과 출구감염의 임상상 및 위험인자에 관한 임상적 고찰

최영환,김응석,김용섭,이정호 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

지속적 외래복막투석(CAPD)은 전세계적으로 말기 신부전 환자에서 널리 시행되고 있는 신대체 요법으로 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 하지만 복막투석에 대한 이해, 수술 기법의 발달, 연결 기구와 도관에 대한 끊임없는 개발에도 불구하고 복막염과 도관 관련 합병증 등은 아직도 중요한 문제로 남아 있으며 복막투석의 실패 원인의 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 복막염과 출구감염의 위험 인자에 대한 보고는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 1994년 4월부터 1998년 12월까지 동국대학교 경주병원 신장내과에서 CAPD를 시행한 말기 신부전증 환자 51명을 대상으로 복막염과 출구감염의 임상상 및 위험인자에 대한 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 복막염의 발생빈도는 환자당 0.73회/년 이었고 57.3%에서 원인균이 배양되었으며 동정된 균으로는 Staphylococcus aureus(20.4%), Staphylococcus epidemidis(14.9%), Steptococcus species(11.2%) 순 이었고 전체적으로 그람양성 균주가 68%, 복합 균주가 배양된 경우가 17.1% 였다. 복막염의 치료 결과는 항생제로만 치유된 경우가 83.4%, 도관제거 14.8%, 사망 1.8%였고 외래 치료가 44.4%, 입원하여 치료한 경우가 55.6% 였다. 위험인자에 대한 비교에서는 50세 이하환자에서 0.88 회/년, 51세 이상에서 1.21 회/년으로 고령군에서 더 높았으며(p=0.043) 활동성이 있는 군과 없는 군은 각각 0.78회/년, 1.21 회/년으로 활동성이 없는 군에서 더 높았으며(p=0.044) 직업이 없는 군에서 1.12 회/년, 직업이 있는 군에서 0.93 회/년으로 직없이 없는 군에서 발생빈도가 더 높았다(p=0.041). 또한 당뇨군에서는 연평균 1.22 회/년, 비당뇨군에서는 0.99 회/년으로 당뇨군에서 더 발생빈도가 높았고( p=0.039), 출구 감염이 있는 군에서 1.19 회/년,없는 군에서 9.98 회/년으로 출구감염이 있는 군에서 더 발생빈도가 높았다(p=0.047). 그 외 성별, 학력, 거주지, 투석액의 종류 및 도관 종류에서는 통계적 의의가 없었다. 출구감염은 환자당 0.37 회/년의 발생빈도 및 88.6%의 원인균 배양율을 보였으며, 동정된 균으로는 Staphylococcus aureus(34.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis(17.1%), Sterptococcus species (8.6%) 순 이었고 전체 63개의 도관중 21개(33.3%) 제거되었으며 가장 많은 원인은 복막염 8예(38.1%) 와 출구감염 6예(28.6%)였다. 출구감염에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 분석에서는 농촌에 거주하는 경우, 당뇨병이 있는 경우, Tenckhoff 카테터를 사용하는 경우에 다소 빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었고 그 외에 나이, 성별, 활동성, 직업의 유무, 학력과도 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 CAPD 시행 시 환자선정에 있어 나이, 당뇨병 유무, 거주지, 직업 등의 인자를 특히 고려하여 시행해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : CAPD has established itself as an effective therapeutic modality as hemodialysis or renal transplantation in the treatment of patients with end stage renal disease. Although much progress of technology of CAPD has been made, peritonitis or catheter-related complications are still important problem until now. Therefore, we investigated about risk factors which are related to peritonitis and exit infection in CAPD patients. Methods : We analysed retrospectively the clinical results of 51 patients on CAPD at Dongguk University Kyoung-ju Hospital from April 1994 to December 1998. Results : 1) There were 31 male and 20 female patients who are 28 to 79 age-old(mean age 55.4±11 years). 2) Underlying disorders of CAPD patients were diabetic nephropathy(33.3%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis(27.5%) and glomerulonephritis(17.7%) 3) The incidence of peritonitis was 0.73/year/patient and peritonitis free interval period was 9.3±1.4 months. The isolation rate of microorganisms from patients with peritonitis was 57.3% and the order of frequency of isolated organims was Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epiermidis, Steptococcus species, Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species. The peritonitis was treated with antibiotics only(83.4%), catheter removal(14.8%) and death(1.8%) 4) The incidence of peritonitis was higher in patients with older age(>50yr), DM, exit site infection and without occupation, physical activity according to univariate analysis (p<0.05). 5) The incidence of exit site infection was 0.37/year/patient and the order of frequency of isolated organisms was Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus species, and Pseudomonas species. The statistical analysis for risk factor of exit site infection had no significant value. The exit site infection was treated with antibiotics only(45.7), external cuff externalization(8.6%), external cuff removal(28.6%), and catheter removal(14.8%). 6) 21 of catheters(33.3%) were removed. The peritonitis and exit site infection or tunnel infection were main causes of catheter removal. The catheter survival rate was 82%, 73%, 68% and 50% at one, two, three and four years, respectively. Mean survival time of all catheters was 39.3±1.4 months. 7) The causes of death were most frequently cardiac disease(28.4%), followed by vascular disease(14.4%), malignancy(14.4%) and infections(14.4%). The patient survival rate was 92%, 82%, 78% and 70% at one, two, three and four years, respectively. Mean survival time of all patients was 61.2±1.8 months. Conclusion : Although CAPD is an effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of patients with end stage renal disease, CAPD peritonitis and exit site infection are the most important pitfalls of CAPD. From the above results, we can know that the risk factors significantly affecting the incidence of peritonitis were old age, no occupation, no physical activity, DM, and exit site infection. Therefore, we most consider the risk factors affecting the incidence of peritonitis and exit site infection when we choose the renal replace therapy in end stage renal failure.

Thermus sp. X-1로부터 耐熱性 蛋白質 分解酵素의 最適 生産 條件에 關한 硏究

최정진,권석태 성균관대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 生命工學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

Thermus sp. X-1 was selected as source of thermostable alkaline protease from a survey of genus Thermus. T. sp. X-1 (TX1) protease was found to be inducible. T. sp. X-1 was tested for production of protease by addition of bactotrypton, casein, gelatin, polypepton and sodium glutamate. Gelatin and sodium glutamate were found to be effective for the protease induction. The optimal induction medium for production of protease was composed of 0.6% gelatin, 0.2% sodium glutamate, 0.2% yeast extract and 1X Castenholz salts. The activity of the enzyme in the optimal induction medium increased approx. 2.8-fold compared to the standard medium.

극초정밀 다축 스테이지의 광소자 정렬에 관한 연구

정상화,차경래,김현욱,최석봉,김광호,박준호 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

In recent years, as the demands of VBNS and VDSL increase, the development of kernel parts of optical communication such as PLC(Planar Light Circuit), Coupler, and WDM elements increases. The alignment and the attachment technology are very important in the fabrication of optical elements. In this paper, the optical alignment characteristics of multi-axis ultra precision stage were studied. The alignment algorithms were studied for applying to the ultra precision multi-axis stage. The alignment algorithm is comprised of field search and peak search algorithms. The contour of optical power signals can be obtained by field search and the precise coordinate can be found out by peak search. Two kinds of alignments, such as 1ch. input vs. 1ch. output optical stack, and 1ch. input vs. 8ch. output PLC stacks were performed for investigating the alignment characteristics.