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“저는 웃는 걸 너무나도 좋아하는걸요”: 『오만과 편견』 속 다시 쓰는 웃음의 가치
정소하(Soha Chung) 19세기영어권문학회 2021 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.25 No.2
This article examines the representation of Elizabeth Bennet’s laughter in Pride and Prejudice in order to reveal how Jane Austen reimagines the boundaries of propriety that restrict women’s laughter through a heroine who dearly loves to laugh. Elizabeth learns a lesson on laughter through her own experiences as well as by paying close attention to the laughter of other characters such as Mr. Bennet and Lydia. During Austen’s time, a long-standing belief in laughter’s function to ridicule the weakness and vice of others and the contemporary conduct books’ restriction on women’s display of laughter worked together to constraint a woman’s free expression of laughter. Austen’s awareness of these discourses is reflected in her careful description of Elizabeth’s laughter that conceals and reveals the act at the same time. On the one hand, Austen criticizes the laughter that harms relationships and hurts others’ feelings, and on the other, she envisions laughter that develops and solidifies intimacy. Although Elizabeth learns to examine her own laughter from time to time, she never gives up her delight in her witty laughter. By placing the novel in relations to the dominant discourses on laughter in the nineteenth century, this article illuminates Austen’s attempt to rewrite the value of women’s laughter in Pride and Prejudice.
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Original Article : Magnetization-tagged MRI is a simple method for predicting liver fibrosis
( Kyung Eun Kim ),( Mi Suk Park ),( Sohae Chung ),( Chansik An ),( Leon Axel ),( Rakhmonova Gulbahor Ergashovna ) 대한간학회 2016 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims: To assess the usefulness of magnetization-tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in quantifying cardiac-induced liver motion and deformation in order to predict liver fibrosis. Methods: This retrospective study included 85 patients who underwent liver MRI including magnetization-tagged sequences from April 2010 to August 2010. Tagged images were acquired in three coronal and three sagittal planes encompassing both the liver and heart. A Gabor filter bank was used to measure the maximum value of displacement (MaxDisp) and the maximum and minimum values of principal strains (MaxP1 and MinP2, respectively). Patients were divided into three groups (no fibrosis, mild-to-moderate fibrosis, and significant fibrosis) based on their aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) score. Group comparisons were made using ANOVA tests. Results: The patients were divided into three groups according to APRI scores: no fibrosis (≤0.5; n=41), moderate fibrosis (0.5-1.5; n=23), and significant fibrosis (>1.5; n=21). The values of MaxDisp were 2.9±0.9 (mean±SD), 2.3±0.7, and 2.1±0.6 in the no fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, and significant fibrosis groups, respectively (P<0.001); the corresponding values of MaxP1 were 0.05±0.2, 0.04±0.02, and 0.03±0.01, respectively (P=0.002), while those of MinP2 were -0.07±0.02, -0.05±0.02, and -0.04±0.01, respectively (P<0.001). Conclusions: Tagged MRI to quantify cardiac-induced liver motion can be easily incorporated in routine liver MRI and may represent a helpful complementary tool in the diagnosis of early liver fibrosis. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22:140-145)
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So-Hyun Park,Kyungsun Kim,Soha Cho,Dong-Hwa Chung,Sug-Joon Ahn 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.52 No.4
Objective: To evaluate differences in the adhesion levels of the most common oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, in human saliva-derived microcosm biofilms with respect to time and raw materials of orthodontic brackets. Methods: The samples were classified into three groups of bracket materials: 1) monocrystalline alumina ceramic (CR), 2) stainless steel metal (SS), and 3) polycarbonate plastic (PL), and a hydroxyapatite (HA) group was used to mimic the enamel surface. Saliva was collected from a healthy donor, and saliva-derived biofilms were grown on each sample. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantitatively evaluate differences in the attachment levels of total bacteria, S. mutans and P. gingivalis at days 1 and 4. Results: Adhesion of S. mutans and P. gingivalis to CR and HA was higher than the other bracket materials (SS = PL < CR = HA). Total bacteria demonstrated higher adhesion to HA than to bracket materials, but no significant differences in adhesion were observed among the bracket materials (CR = SS = PL < HA). From days 1 to 4, the adhesion of P. gingivalis decreased, while that of S. mutans and total bacteria increased, regardless of material type. Conclusions: The higher adhesion of oral pathogens, such as S. mutans and P. gingivalis to CR suggests that the use of CR brackets possibly facilitates gingival inflammation and enamel decalcification during orthodontic treatment.
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