http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Lee, In Hee,Park, Jae-Bok,Cheong, Minseon,Choi, Youn Seok,Park, Daehan,Sin, Jeong-Im Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2011 DNA and Cell Biology Vol.30 No.12
<P>DNA vaccines are known to be lacking in immunogenicity in humans. Presently, electroporation (EP) is thought to overcome this limitation. Here, we investigate whether human papillomavirus 16 E7 DNA vaccines delivered by EP might elicit potent antitumor activity in animal cervical cancer models, with a focus on the underlying mechanism(s). Intramuscular (IM)-EP delivery of E7 DNA vaccines induced more potent antitumor therapeutic and antimetastatic activity compared with IM delivery. Moreover, the tumor-controlled animals by IM-EP possessed long-term memory responses to parental tumor cells. This improved antitumor effect was concomitant with augmented Ag-specific CTL activities. IM-EP also induced IgG and Th-cell responses higher than IM delivery. Finally, IM-EP resulted in more antigen production in and more attraction of immune cells into the site of DNA injection, suggesting that these biological and immunological changes made by IM-EP might be responsible for enhanced CTL activities and antitumor resistance. Thus, this study shows that IM-EP can induce more potent antitumor activity by augmenting CTL responses possibly through more antigen production in and more attraction of immune cells into the muscle sites. This study also suggests that IM-EP of E7 DNA vaccines might be a potential approach toward treating patients with cervical cancer.</P>
임순,손희순,석혜정 服飾文化學會 2003 服飾文化硏究 Vol.11 No.6
The purpose of this study is to look into the physical features for each residential area by the age, with the female subjects residing in Beijing and Shanghai. This would provide the specific information regarding the body types of Chinese adult women, and additionally it would assist the effective advancement into the Chinese local markets by serving as the basic data for the size development and fitting improvement of clothing products for Chinese women. The body measurements were made with 525 adult female subjects of 20 to 49 years of age, residing in Beijing and Shanghai, China. The number of measurements items was 79. The results are as follows: As they grew older, the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai all showed increases in the items of width, thickness, girth, and length, which are highly correlated with the physical obesity, while they did not show any differences by the age range in the item of height. Differences were also found in the tendency of the type distribution by the age range of Chinese adult women in each residential area. As they grew older, the women residing on Beijing showed increases in the distribution of Body type 2 and Body type 4, which clearly indicated the features of obesity. On the other hand, the women residing in Shanghai showed the almost similar distribution in their 20's and 30's, while those in their 40's showed a high frequency in Body type 2 than in Body type 4.
사회환경교육의 교육과정 표준화 모형 및 통합프로그램 개발연구
박석순,최돈형,성효현,허명,강명희,이숙임,남상준 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-
This paper presents the development of standardized modules and an integrated program which will be used for social environmental education. The study objectives are to develop modules which are based on various environmental topics, to relate the regional environmental topics to the educational modules and program, and to include the demand of students in the modules and program. Literature and questionary surveys, as well as, module development method were utilized as research tools. The titles of developed modules are "The Green Plant Earth," "Unexpected Resources: Save Resources and Recycle", "Water as the Mother of All Lives", "The Blue Sky with Clean Air", and "Soil as the Home of All Living and Non-living Things". It is hoped that the developed modules and program are utilized as course materials and curriculum for social environmental education in various educational institutes. The study results will be materialized as multimedia in near futher.
Park, Yeon Hee,Im, Seock-Ah,Kim, Sung-Bae,Sohn, Joo Hyuk,Lee, Keun Seok,Chae, Yee Soo,Lee, Ki Hyeong,Kim, Jee Hyun,Im, Young-Hyuck,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Tae-Yong,Lee, Kyung-Hun,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Kim, Gun Min,P Elsevier 2017 European journal of cancer Vol.86 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (PG) combination chemotherapy is a preferred chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eribulin mesylate is a halichondrin non-taxane inhibitor of microtubule dynamics. A recent pooled analysis with eribulin showed improved overall survival (OS) in various MBC patient subgroups pretreated with anthracycline and taxane. Furthermore, eribulin may have less neurotoxicity than paclitaxel.</P> <P><B>Patients and methods</B></P> <P>This study was a prospective randomised phase II, open-label, two-arm, multicentre study comparing eribulin plus gemcitabine (EG) with PG chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative MBC. We hypothesised that EG chemotherapy would not be inferior to PG chemotherapy. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS), which was estimated to be 70% at 6 months for each arm. The secondary end-points were as follows: OS, neuropathic scale, toxicity and clinical benefit rate.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 118 patients (median age: 50, 24–66) were enrolled between March 2015 and March 2016 and were randomly assigned to PG (<I>n</I> = <I>59</I>) or EG (<I>n</I> = <I>59</I>) chemotherapy. The mean number of metastatic sites was 3 (range 1–8). The 6-month PFS rates for both arms were 72% for EG and 73% for PG (<I>P</I> = <I>0.457</I>). There was no significant difference in OS between the two groups (not reached versus 21.2 months, <I>P</I> = <I>0.2234</I>). The median number of chemotherapy cycles for both groups was 10 for EG and 8 for PG (range 2–32). Clinical benefit rates were 44% for EG and 49% for PG. Major toxicities were neutropenia and neurotoxicity. Grade II or above neurotoxicity was more common with PG than with EG (13.6% for EG versus 45.8% for PG, <I>P</I> < <I>0.0001</I>).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>EG chemotherapy had similar clinical benefits to PG chemotherapy in terms of PFS but less neurotoxicity.</P> <P><B>Trial registration</B></P> <P>KCSG BR13-11; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02263495.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study was a prospective randomized phase II, multicentre study comparing EG with PG for MBC patients. </LI> <LI> The 6-month PFS rates for both arms were 72% for EG and 73% for PG (<I>P</I> = 0.457). </LI> <LI> EG chemotherapy had similar clinical benefits to PG chemotherapy in terms of progression-free survival but less neurotoxicity. </LI> </UL> </P>
나운태 ( Woon Tae Na ),이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ),이병석 ( Byung Seok Lee ),김석현 ( Seok Hyun Kim ),채희복 ( Hee Bok Chae ),김석배 ( Seok Bae Kim ),김용석 ( Yong Seok Kim ),김선문 ( Sun Moon Kim ),임의혁 ( Euyi Hyeog Im ),허규찬 ( Ky 대한소화기학회 2010 대한소화기학회지 Vol.56 No.6
Background/Aims: Cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon disease, and rarely develops in the intraabdomen. The aim of this article was to discuss about clinical characteristics of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma developed in Korea. Methods: Age, sex, symptoms, locations and size of the lesions, diagnostic methods, treatments, complications and recurrence were analyzed in 13 pathologically confirmed cases of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma and 18 cases of literature consideration reported in Korea. Results: Intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma commonly developed in adults compared to the other lymphangioma, and frequently located in the mesentery. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, but it was a non-specific finding. Tenderness and abdominal mass were not significantly associated. The size of mass was diverse. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT were diagnostic tools most commonly used, but preoperative diagnosis was possible only in 22.6%. All patients were discharged without any complications, and no recurrence was reported. Conclusions: Preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma is difficult and symptoms and signs are not specific. Intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma should be suspected in patients with non specific abdominal pain and intraabdominal mass and active diagnostic evaluation is mandatory. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2010;56:353-358)
Im, Jae Hyun,Gil, Hyun Woo,Lee, Tae Ho,Kong, Hee Jeong,Ahn, Cheol Min,Kim, Bong Seok,Kim, Dong Soo,Zhang, Chang Ik,Park, In-Seok The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2016 발생과 생식 Vol.20 No.4
Sexual dimorphism is the most conspicuous difference between the sexes. This study examines possible sexual dimorphism and the relative growth patterns of morphometric characteristics in the marine medaka, Oryzias dancena for their potential to help differentiate between males and females of this species. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated by a non-linear regression method were $L_{\infty}=30.2mm$, K=3.22/year, and ${\tau}_0=-0.05$. All 18 characteristics measured showed a difference between males and females from 70 days after hatching. Each of these characteristics were significantly different between sexes (ANCOVA, P<0.05), and the ratio of standard length between sexes showed that males were larger than females for all five morphometric measurements. Fin length measurements were taken for 21 distances of anal fin and 7 distances of dorsal fin between landmarks. There were all differences for all dorsal fin rays between the males and the females and there is significant difference in 70 days after their hatch when the sexual dimorphism is presented. The significant difference (P<0.05) in fin ray for male and female was more greatly seen as they grow. Male marine medaka showed more rapid growth than females, with longer length, dorsal fins and anal fins. Differences in these characteristics will be useful during experiments when it is necessary to differentiate between sexes of marine medaka.
Im, Hyung Soon,Lim, Young Rok,Cho, Yong Jae,Park, Jeunghee,Cha, Eun Hee,Kang, Hong Seok American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.38
<P>Germanium and tin sulfide nanostructures are considered the most promising candidates for useful alternative materials in commercial Li–graphite anodes of lithium ion batteries. Selenides have received less attention, but the electrochemical reaction mechanism is still being debated. We report the novel synthesis of GeSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> and SnSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> (<I>x</I> = 1 and 2) nanocrystals by a gas-phase laser photolysis reaction and their excellent reversible capacity for lithium ion batteries. The capacity was 400–800 (mA h)/g after 70 cycles, which is close to the theoretical capacity (Li<SUB>4.4</SUB>Ge or Li<SUB>4.4</SUB>Sn). Remarkably, SnSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> exhibited higher rate capabilities than GeSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>. Ex situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed the <I>cubic</I>–<I>tetragonal</I> phase conversion of Ge and Sn upon lithiation/delithiation to support their distinctive lithium ion battery capacities. First-principles calculations of the Li intercalation volume change indicate that the smallest volume expansion in the cubic Sn phase can guarantee the enhanced cycling capability of the Sn compounds.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-38/jp507337c/production/images/medium/jp-2014-07337c_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp507337c'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Seok, Jung Im,Lee, Dong Kuck,Lee, Chang Hyeong,Park, Min Su,Kim, Sun Young,Kim, Hyang‐,Sook,Jo, Hee‐,Young,Lee, Chang Hun,Kim, Dae‐,Seong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Hepatology Vol.49 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Clevudine (Revovir), a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, is a recently introduced antiviral drug. Clinical trials have demonstrated potent, sustained antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus without specific adverse events. The lack of cytotoxicity and absence of an effect on mitochondrial function have been considered the reasons for the fewer adverse events. However, it came to our attention that several hepatitis B patients developed myopathy during clevudine therapy. Our study was aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of patients with clevudine‐induced myopathy with some consideration of its pathogenetic mechanism. Seven hepatitis B patients who developed severe skeletal myopathy during clevudine therapy were examined in this study. The demographic data, clinical features, pathological findings, and molecular studies of these patients were analyzed with speculation about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. All seven patients were treated with clevudine for more than 8 months (8‐13 months). In all, the main symptom was slowly progressive proximal muscular weakness over several months. A markedly elevated creatine kinase level and myopathic patterns on electromyography were found. Muscle biopsies revealed severe myonecrosis associated with numerous ragged red fibers, cytochrome c oxidase–negative fibers, and predominant type II fiber atrophy. Molecular studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a depletion of the mitochondrial DNA in the patients' skeletal muscle. <I>Conclusion:</I> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of myopathy associated with clevudine therapy. This study has clearly shown that long‐term clevudine therapy can induce the depletion of mitochondrial DNA and lead to mitochondrial myopathy associated with myonecrosis. Careful clinical and laboratory attention should be paid to patients on long‐term clevudine therapy for this skeletal muscle dysfunction. (H<SMALL>EPATOLOGY</SMALL> 2009.)</P>