Warm-Cool Emotions of LED Lightings around 5,000K

Semin Oh,Youngshin Kwak 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.31 No.8

In this study, warm-cool feelings of near-white lightings were investigated after the subjects’ eyes being adapted to 5,000K. The psychophysical experiment was carried out in a dark room using 5 channels LED lighting booth. In the experiment, total of 48 test lightings around 5,000K were generated using the booth. Total of 20 subjects evaluated warm-cool feelings of each test lighting. The results showed that lower CCT tended to have ‘Warm’ feeling, while higher CCT tended to arouse ‘Cool’ feeling. When CIECAM02 H is in the range of 0-100 and 380-400, ‘Warm’ feeling was strongly evoked and when H is in the range of 250-300, ‘Cool’ feeling was strongly aroused. Also, when test lightings have same hue, the one having higher chroma aroused stronger feeling on either ‘Warm’ or ‘Cool’. Emotion model test results showed Koo’s model, which is based on lighting colors, showed better performance than the model developed based on color patches.

Existence of Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect on Images

Semin OH(오세민),Youngshin KWAK(곽영신) 한국색채학회 2015 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

A Study of Color Emotion according to Spaces and Lighting Colors

Semin Oh,Younshin KWAK(곽영신) 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.06

Effect of Skin Tones on Color Emotion of Lipstick Colors

Semin Oh,Hayeon Jeon,Chaeeun Lee,Arpbai Musaev,Youngshin Kwak 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

People have different skin tones, which might arouse different color emotions even when the same lipstick colors are worn. In this study, the psychophysical experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of skin tone on the lipstick color emotion. Nine lipstick colors were reproduced on both warm and cool toned skin images on LCD display resulting in 18 test images. Ten participants evaluated each test image using a semantic differential scale with 18 adjective sets. The results showed that each color of lipstick could make specific mood no matter which skin tone is. The emotion of ‘Sexy’ was mostly connected with the Reddish colored lipsticks. Orange color could give ‘Cheerful’ and ‘Baby faced’. Coral, Nude, and Purple colors aroused ‘Pure’, ‘Intelligent’, and ‘Bold’ emotions, respectively. The skin tone was not very heavyweight on the color emotion of the lipstick colors, but still it did matter to maximize one’s intended vibe or mood. For instance, Coral, Burgundy, and Orange colors could express more ‘Pure’, ‘Mature’, and ‘Glam’, respectively, on warm toned skin than cool one. Likewise, putting Red-orange color on cool toned skin would make more ‘Characteristic’ than wearing it on the warm one.

The Effects of Neighboring Colors on Affectivity

Semin Oh,Youngshin Kwak 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

When people see a color in a daily life, people recognize the color with various neighboring colors behind, not just one color independently. So these neighboring colors can affect the affectivity. However previous researches on color affectivity are based on the single color patch experiment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of neighboring colors on color affectivity when seeing a color. Firstly, 10 test colors were selected. 10 test colors were distributed to cover wide color gamut. Secondly, we made 3 background conditions. One is uniform gray background and another contains saturated 24 neighboring colors and the other contains desaturated 24 neighboring colors. To evaluate affectivity, 10 adjective sets were used. Those were ‘Warm-Cool’, ‘Heavy-Light’, ‘Modern-Classic’, ‘Clean-Dirty’, ‘Active-Passive’, ‘Hard-Soft’, ‘Tense-Relaxed’, ‘Fresh-Stale’, ‘Masculine-Feminine’, ‘Like-Dislike’. The experiment was done under a viewing booth with an illuminant D65 in a dark room. Ten subjects participated in the experiment and each participant evaluated an affectivity of each test color using 7-point Likert scales. As a result, there was no strong relationship between neighboring color condition and color affectivity. It shows that the previous color affectivity results using a single color patch can be applied to the complex color condition.

The Effects of Neighboring Colors on Affectivity

( Semin Oh ),( Youngshin Kwak ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

When people see a color in a daily life, people recognize the color with various neighboring colors behind, not just one color independently. So these neighboring colors can affect the affectivity. However previous researches on color affectivity are based on the single color patch experiment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of neighboring colors on color affectivity when seeing a color. Firstly, 10 test colors were selected. 10 test colors were distributed to cover wide color gamut. Secondly, we made 3 background conditions. One is uniform gray background and another contains saturated 24 neighboring colors and the other contains desaturated 24 neighboring colors. To evaluate affectivity, 10 adjective sets were used. Those were ``Warm-Cool``, ``Heavy-Light``, ``Modern-Classic``, ``Clean-Dirty``, ``Active-Passive``, ``Hard-Soft``, ``Tense-Relaxed``, ``Fresh-Stale``, ``Masculine-Feminine``, ``Like-Dislike``. The experiment was done under a viewing booth with an illuminant D65 in a dark room. Ten subjects participated in the experiment and each participant evaluated an affectivity of each test color using 7-point Likert scales. As a result, there was no strong relationship between neighboring color condition and color affectivity. It shows that the previous color affectivity results using a single color patch can be applied to the complex color condition.

초기 조명 조건이 감성 조명 실험 결과에 미치는 영향

오세민(SeMin Oh),곽영신(YoungShin Kwak),김성필(SungPhil Kim),김차중(ChaJoong Kim),최진숙(JinSuk Choi) 한국색채학회 2015 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는, 실제 주거 공간처럼 꾸며 놓은 공간에서 공간 전체를 활용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험은 휴식이라는 특정 시나리오 아래에서 진행되었으며, 총 3개의 다른 초기 조명 조건에서 실험 참가자들이 조도와 색온도를 조절하여 휴식에 적합한 조명을 직접 고르는 방식으로 진행되었다. 이때, 초기 조명 조건이 실험 참가자들이 고른 조명색에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사해 보았다. 또한 반복성 실험을 통해 실험 참가자들의 응답의 일관성을 조사해 보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 먼저 반복성 실험의 경우, 색온도의 결과는 반복 횟수에 따라서 일관적인 결과를 보였다. 반면 조도의 경우에는, 반복 횟수에 따라서 상대적으로 일관적이지 않은 결과를 보였다. 초기 조명 조건에 따른 조도와 색온도 분석 결과, 색온도의 경우. 초기 조명 조건에 관계없이 비교적 일정한 결과를 보였다. 조도의 경우에도 초기 조명 조건에 큰 영향을 받은 것으로 보이지는 않으나, 초기 조명 조건의 조도가 높을 때 상대적으로 더 높게 설정되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 선호되는 조도의 경우 색온도보다 변화폭이 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. In this research, the experiment was done in the place which was set as a real home. Under the scenario of relaxation, there were 3 different pre-adaptation lighting conditions and each participant selected the lighting which was the most preferred by changing illuminance and color temperature. Also, the experiment was repeated per each pre-adaptation lighting condition to check the consistency. Findings of this research are as follows: In case of repetition experiment, the result of color temperature showed relatively good consistency. However, the result of illuminance showed relatively low consistency. In case of the effect of pre-adaptation lighting condition, the result of color temperature were almost constant according to pre-adaptation lighting condition. The results of illuminance was also shown almost constant according to pre-adaptation lighting condition, but it was set relatively higher as the illuminance of the pre-adaptation lighting was higher. Also it is found that the preferred illuminance levels were more diverse than the preferred color temperatures.

이웃 컬러들이 컬러 어피어런스와 감성에 미치는 영향

오세민(SeMin Oh),곽영신(YoungShin Kwak) 한국색채학회 2014 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.3

일상생활 속에서 사람들은 여러 가지 상황에서 다양한 컬러를 보게 된다. 사람들이 컬러를 볼 때는 한 가지 컬러만을 보는 것이 아니라 주변에 이웃한 여러 가지 컬러를 동시에 인지하게 된다. 따라서 함께 인지되는 이웃 컬러들이 컬러 어피어런스와 감성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는, 사람들이 컬러를 볼 때 함께 인지하는 이웃 컬러들이 컬러 어피어런스와 감성에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통해서 조사해 보았다. 실험은 이웃 컬러의 구성이 다른 3가지 배경에서 10가지 평가 컬러 패치에 대해 컬러 어피어런스와 감성을 평가하였다. 컬러 어피어런스의 평가를 위해서는 색상(Hue), 채도(Colorfulness), 명도(Lightness)가 각각 평가되었고, 감성은 10가지 감성 형용사 쌍을 이용해 10명의 피험자가 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 컬러 어피어런스의 경우, ‘색상(Hue)’과 ‘명도(Lightness)’는 이웃 컬러의 변화에 의한 의미 있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. ‘채도(Colorfulness)’는 이웃 컬러가 존재할 때, 채도가 더 낮아 보인다고 평가되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 감성의 경우, 이웃 컬러에 따라서 크게 영향을 받지는 않았다. 그러나 채도가 높은(Saturated) 이웃 컬러가 있는 경우, 감성 형용사 ‘Heavy-Light’, ‘Active-Passive’, ‘Masculine-Feminine’의 평가에서 영향을 받은 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. In a daily life, people see various colors. When people see a color, people recognize the color with various neighboring colors behind, not just one color independently. So these neighboring colors can affect color appearance and affectivity. In this research, we investigated the effects of neighboring colors on color appearance and affectivity when seeing a color. The experiment was done under 3 different neighboring color conditions. Ten participants evaluated color appearance and affectivity of 10 test colors. For evaluating color appearance, Hue, Colorfulness and Lightness were evaluated. For affectivity evaluation, 10 adjective sets were used. Findings of this research are as follows: Color appearance was changed by the effect of neighboring colors. Firstly, ‘Hue’ and ‘Lightness’ were not affected significantly by neighboring colors. In case of ‘Colorfulness’, participants tended to evaluate it less colorful when seeing a color with saturated neighboring colors. In case of affectivity, ‘Active-Passive’, ‘Heavy-Light" and ’Masculine-Feminine" showed affectivity changed by neighboring color changes.

영상을 이용한 헬름홀츠-콜라우슈 효과에 관한 연구

오세민(Semin OH),곽영신(Youngshin KWAK) 한국색채학회 2015 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

이웃 컬러들이 컬러 어피어런스와 감성에 미치는 영향

오세민(Semin Oh),곽영신(Youngshin Kwak) 한국색채학회 2014 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

본 연구에서는 이웃 컬러들이 컬러 어피어런스와 감성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 실험에 이용된 배경은 ‘Neutral", "Saturated", "Desaturated" 총 3가지로, 24가지의 이웃 컬러들의 조합이 다르게 구성되었다. 평가에 이용된 컬러 패치는 10가지로 CIE CRI 8색 컬러와 CQS 15색 컬러 중에서 넓은 색 공간에 분포하는 색들을 기준으로 선정하였다. 컬러 어피어런스의 평가를 위해 Hue, Lightness, Colorfulness가 각각 평가되었다. 감성 평가를 위해서는 ‘Warm-Cool’, ‘Heavy-Light’, ‘Modern-Classic’, ‘Clean-Dirty’, ‘Active-Passive’, ‘Hard-Soft’, ‘Tense-Relaxed’, ‘Fresh-Stale’, ‘Masculine-Feminine’, ‘Like-Dislike’ 10개의 형용사 쌍에 대한 색 감성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 이웃 컬러가 변함에 따라 Hue와 Lightness에서는 거의 변화가 없었고, Colorfulness는 실험 컬러를 독립적으로 볼 때, 이웃 컬러들이 있는 경우에는 Desaturated된 컬러일 때 더 높게 평가하였다. 감성 평가의 경우, ‘Heavy-Light", "Active-Passive"에서 감성의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다.