The Role of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity in Processing of Filler-gap Dependency Structures by ESL Learners

Jung,Sehoon 한국외국어교육학회 2018 한국외국어교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2018 No.-

One of the central questions in recent second language (L2) processing research is whether the types of parsing heuristics and linguistic resources learners compute during online processing are qualitatively similar or different from those used by native speakers of the target language. In this line of research, the shallow structure hypothesis (SSH) proposed by Clahsen and Felser (2006a, 2006b) suggests that the nature of L2 processing is fundamentally and qualitatively different from L1 processing. According to the SSH, the type of syntactic representations adult learners utilize during online processing are structurally shallower and hierarchically less detailed, compared to those used by native speakers for two possible reasons: inadequate interlanguage grammatical representations and/or insufficient processing abilities to make use of relevant information in real time. The SSH further states that this is, by and large, the likely case regardless of learners’ proficiency or working memory capacities (WMC). This study sought to test the validity of these claims by investigating how proficient ESL learners process relative clause (RC) island structures while reading sentences containing filler-gap dependency constructions in real time. A total of 49 advanced ESL learners varying of age of arrival (AOA)—28 adult (AOA between 18-31) and 21 early learners (AOA between 2-9)— as well as 24 native English speaker controls, participated in an eye-tracking reading experiment and two different types of computerized non-verbal working memory span tests (operation-span and symmetry-span) adapted from Oswald, McAbee, Redick, & Hambrick, 2015). Developed based on the materials used in Omaki and Schulz (2011), each target sentence in the reading task had four experimental conditions in a 2 x 2 Latin square design, with plausibility (i.e., plausible and implausible) and island (non-island and island) manipulation, but participants received only one of those four conditions for each sentence. Results suggested that while all participants made use of active filler strategies to fill the gap as early as possible in the non-island environment, both the English control and ESL groups appeared to have rapidly deployed relevant syntactic information of island constraints regardless of their WMC, avoiding illicit filler-gap formation inside the relative clause islands. Some WM effects were found for adult the ESL learners only in the later region at the ultimate gap (i.e., canonical) where the parser is expected to perform a filler-gap reanalysis. At this region, the early ESL learners and native English speaker controls showed sensitivity to structural cues and gap identifications fairly early, initiating filler-gap reanalysis processes from earlier stages of processing. However, it was the only those with higher WMC among the adult ESL learners that presented such immediate filler-gap reanalysis effects during early stages of processing. In contrast, the adult learners with lower WMC showed sensitivity (i.e., reanalysis effect) only during the later stages of processing. These findings are further discussed in the light of the SSH and second language development.

A facile synthesis of transfer-free graphene by Ni-C co-deposition

Sehoon An,Geun-Hyuk Lee,Seong Woo Jang,Sehoon Hwang,Jung Hyeon Yoon,Sang-Ho Lim,Seunghee Han 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.2

A TEM Study of Oxide Layers Formed during Decarburization Annealing of Electrical Steel

Jung, Sehoon,Kwon, Min Serk,Park, Jongho,Kim, Seung Bin,Huh, Yoon The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 2011 ISIJ international Vol.51 No.7

<P>It is very important to know the morphology and chemical properties of subscales of oxide layers on surface for controlling and understanding high temperature oxidation in electrical steel. In present work, the oxide layers were investigated by various methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) such as scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), nanobeam electron diffraction (NBD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). The high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) of STEM could be a useful analysis technique to study the morphology of the oxide layers. The main oxides formed in the subscales during the decarburization annealing were fayalite, iron oxides, and silica, which were identified by EDS, NBD and EELS. The crystalline fayalites were found both in the surface region within several tens nanometers and in the region within a micrometer surrounding silica, and the atomic configuration in the unit cell of the fayalite was presented. Amorphous silica was formed both in the upper region of the subscales with a spherical shape and in the interface between the spherical silica and the iron matrix with a lamellar shape. TEM could be useful technique to characterize morphologies, microstructures and elemental compositions of oxides, and to understand the oxidation mechanism for the manufacture of the high quality electrical steel.</P>

광역 자동 영상 감시 시스템 설계 및 구현

정세훈(Sehoon Jung),정선태(Sun-Tae Chung) 대한전자공학회 2010 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.6

The effect of oral antibiotics on the skin microbiota characteristics in acne

( Sehoon Lee ),( Eun Sun Hong ),( Eun Jung Byun ),( Yu Ri Woo ),( Jeong Deuk Lee ),( Sang Hyun Cho ),( Hei Sung Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: With the extensive use of oral antibiotics for treatment of moderate to severe acne, it is important to understand the association of such antibiotic use with changes not only in Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) but also in the complete bacterial community of the skin. Objectives: We sought to investigate the changes of skin microbiota in acne patients in association with oral antibiotics. Methods: The skin microbiota of acne patients, before and after taking 6 weeks of oral antibiotics (oral doxycycline, 100mg, twice daily) were compared. Skin areas on the cheek were sampled for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: Twenty patients were included in this study (11 female, 8 males, ages between 11-44 years). Across all patients, antibiotic treatment was associated with reduction in the levels of C. acnes, Snodgrassella alvi, Corynebacterium matruchotii etc., and an increase in Neisseria oralis, Enterococcus hirae et al. There also was a significant change in microbial diversity represented by Shannon and Inverse Simpson index. Conclusion: In this study, oral antibiotic treatment of acne was associated with changes in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota.

Causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of end-stage kidney disease and related comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study

( Sehoon Park ),( Soojin Lee ),( Yaerim Kim ),( Yeonhee Lee ),( Min Woo Kang ),( Kwangsoo Kim ),( Yong Chul Kim ),( Seung Seok Han ),( Hajeong Lee ),( Jung Pyo Lee ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Chun Soo Lim ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.2

Background: An inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been reported. The causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of ESKD warrants additional investigation. Methods: The study was an observational cohort study investigating the UK Biobank and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Amounts of alcohol use were collected using a touchscreen questionnaire. In the observational analysis, 212,133 participants without prevalent ESKD were studied, and the association between alcohol use and the risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD was investigated. The genetic analysis included 337,138 participants of white British ancestry. For one-sample MR, an analysis based on a polygenic risk score (PRS) was conducted with genetically predicted alcohol intake. The MR analysis investigated ESKD outcome and related comorbidities. Results: Lower alcohol use was observationally associated with a higher risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD. However, the genetic risk of CKD was significantly associated with lower alcohol use, suggesting reverse causation. A higher PRS for alcohol use was significantly associated with a higher risk of ESKD (per units of one phenotypical alcohol drink; adjusted odds ratio of 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.31]) and related comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and central obesity. Conclusion: The inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of CKD or ESKD may have been affected by reverse causation. Our study supports a causal effect of alcohol use on a higher risk of ESKD and related predisposing comorbidities.

Genetic variations in HMGCR and PCSK9 and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study

( Sehoon Park ),( Seong Geun Kim ),( Soojin Lee ),( Yaerim Kim ),( Semin Cho ),( Kwangsoo Kim ),( Yong Chul Kim ),( Seung Seok Han ),( Hajeong Lee ),( Jung Pyo Lee ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Chun Soo Lim ) 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.4

Background: The genetically predicted lipid-lowering effect of HMGCR or PCSK9 variant can be used to assess drug proxy effects on kidney function. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis-identified HMGCR and PCSK9 genetic variants were used to predict the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering effects of medications targeting related molecules. Primary summary-level outcome data for log-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; creatinine) were provided by the CKDGen Consortium (n = 1,004,040 European) from a meta-analysis of CKDGen and UK Biobank data. We also conducted a separate investigation of summary-level data from CKDGen (n = 567,460, log-eGFR [creatinine]) and UK Biobank (n = 436,581, log-eGFR [cystatin C]) samples. Summary-level MRs using an inverse variance weighted method and pleiotropy-robust methods were performed. Results: Summary-level MR analysis indicated that the LDL-lowering effect predicted genetically by HMGCR variants (50-mg/dL decrease) was significantly associated with a decrease in eGFR (-1.67%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.20% to - 1.13%). Similar significance was found in results from the pleiotropy-robust MR methods when the CKDGen and UK Biobank data were analyzed separately. However, the LDL-lowering effect predicted genetically by PCSK9 variants was significantly associated with an increase in eGFR (+1.17%; 95% CI, 0.10%-2.25%). The results were similarly supported by the weighted median method and in each CKDGen and UK Biobank dataset, but the significance obtained by MR-Egger regression was attenuated. Conclusion: Genetically predicted HMG-CoA reductase inhibition was associated with low eGFR, while genetically predicted PCSK9 inhibition was associated with high eGFR. Clinicians should consider that the direct effect of different types of lipid-lowering medication on kidney function can vary.

Epidemiology of continuous renal replacement therapy in Korea: Results from the National Health Insurance Service claims database from 2005 to 2016

( Sehoon Park ),( Soojin Lee ),( Hyung Ah Jo ),( Kyungdo Han ),( Yaerim Kim ),( Jung Nam An ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Chun Soo Lim ),( Yon Su Kim ),( Hyeongsu Kim ),( Dong Ki Kim ) 대한신장학회 2018 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.37 No.2

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important treatment modality for severe acute kidney injury. As such, the epidemiology of CRRT in Korea needs further investigation. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based study analyzing the claims data from National Health Insurance Service of Korea. All index intensive care unit admission cases of CRRT in government-designated tertiary referral hospitals in Korea from 2005 to 2016 were included. Patients with a history of renal replacement therapy or who were under 20 years old were not considered. In addition to baseline and treatment characteristics, patient outcomes, including all-cause mortality and renal survival rates, were investigated. We stratified the study patients according to 3-year time periods and major regions of the nation. Results: We included 37,337 patients who received CRRT in Korea. The overall use of CRRT increased over time, and more than 80% of cases of acute renal replacement therapy were CRRT after 2014. Seoul was the region in which the majority of CRRT (45.0%) was performed. The clinical characteristics of CRRT patients were significantly different among time-intervals and regions. Both all-cause mortality and renal survival rates after CRRT were prominently improved in the recent time periods (P < 0.001). Conclusion: CRRT is a widely used treatment strategy for severe acute kidney injury in Korea. The prognosis of CRRT patients has improved compared to the past. This epidemiological study of CRRT in Korea revealed notable trends with regard to time period and geographic region.

The effect of oral antibiotics on the skin microbiota in rosacea

( Sehoon Lee ),( Eun Sun Hong ),( Eun Jung Byun ),( Yu Ri Woo ),( Jeong Deuk Lee ),( Sang Hyun Cho ),( Hei Sung Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Given the widespread use of oral antibiotics for treatment of rosacea, it is important to understand the association of such antibiotic use with changes in the bacterial community of the skin. Objectives: We aimed to see the effect of oral antibiotics on the skin microbiota in rosacea patients Methods: The skin microbiota before and after 6 weeks of oral doxycycline (100 mg, twice a day) were compared. Skin areas on the cheek were sampled for 16s ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: A total of 12 patients enrolled (11 females and 1 male, age: 20-79 years). The percentage of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 13% and 28% before treatment. The percentage decreased to 7% (C. acnes) and 22% (S. epidermidis) after 6 weeks of oral doxycycline. Conclusion: Oral antibiotics had some effect on the skin microbial composition in rosacea patients which needs to be further examined.

Reduced risk for chronic kidney disease after recovery from metabolic syndrome: A nationwide populationbased study

( Sehoon Park ),( Soojin Lee ),( Yaerim Kim ),( Yeonhee Lee ),( Min Woo Kang ),( Kyungdo Han ),( Hajeong Lee ),( Jung Pyo Lee ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Chun Soo Lim ),( Yon Su Kim ),( Dong Ki Kim ) 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.2

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is linked to various chronic comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, few large studies have addressed whether recovery from MetS is associated with reduction in the risks of such comorbidities. Methods: This nationwide population-based study in Korea screened 10,664,268 people who received national health screening ≥ 3 times between 2012 and 2016. Those with a history of major cardiovascular events or preexisting CKD were excluded. We classified study groups into four, according to the course of MetS state, as defined by the harmonizing criteria. The main study outcome was incidental CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² which was persistent until the last health exams). The study outcomes were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, which was adjusted for clinical variables and the previous severity of MetS. Results: Four study groups included 6,315,301 subjects: 4,537,869 people without MetS, 1,034,605 with chronic MetS, 438,287 who developed MetS, and 304,540 who recovered from preexisting MetS. Those who developed MetS demonstrated higher risk of CKD (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.26 [1.23-1.29]) than did those who did not develop MetS. In contrast, MetSrecovery was associated with decreased risk of CKD (adjusted OR, 0.84 [0.82-0.86]) than that in people with chronic MetS. Among the MetS components, change in hypertension was associated with the largest difference in CKD risk. Conclusion: Reducing or preventing MetS may reduce the burden of CKD on a population-scale. Clinicians should consider the clinical importance of altering MetS status for risk of CKD.