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Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridioides difficile in pet shop puppies
Yuya Kimura(Yuya Kimura ),Satoshi Kameshima(Satoshi Kameshima ),Naoyuki Itoh(Naoyuki Itoh ) 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Crowded pet shops can become infected with various pathogens. Although dog carriers of Clostridioides difficile tend to be asymptomatic, the toxigenic strains sometimes cause gastrointestinal symptoms in humans. The present study was conducted to determine the infection rate of C. difficile in pet shops. The feces of 137 dogs younger than one year of age, collected from four pet shops, were assessed by culture and PCR. Carriage rates of C. difficile in dogs aged ≤90, 91-180, and ≥181 day-old were 12.2% (10/82, 95% confidence interval: 6.0-21.3%), 0.0% (0/42, 95% confidence interval: 0.0-8.4%), and 7.7% (1/13, 95% confidence interval: 0.2-36.0%), respectively. Five C. difficile isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B, while the remaining isolates contained only toxin B. However, none of the C. difficile carriers had diarrhea. These results highlight the necessity of promoting adequate hygiene precautions in pet shops to prevent infection by C. difficile.
Kimura, Satoshi,Nakayama, Kei,Wada, Masahisa,Kim, Ung-Jin,Azumi, Kaoru,Ojima, Takao,Nozawa, Akino,Kitamura, Shin-Ichi,Hirose, Euichi Inter-Research 2015 Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol.116 No.2
<P>Soft tunic syndrome is a fatal disease in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, causing serious damage to ascidian aquaculture in Korea and Japan. In diseased individuals, the tunic, an integumentary extracellular matrix of ascidians, softens and eventually tears. This is an infectious disease caused by the kinetoplastid flagellate Azumiobodo hoyamushi. However, the mechanism of tunic softening remains unknown. Because cellulose fibrils are the main component of the tunic, we compared the contents and structures of cellulose in healthy and diseased tunics by means of biochemical quantification and X-ray diffractometry. Unexpectedly, the cellulose contents and structures of cellulose microfibrils were almost the same regardless of the presence or absence of the disease. Therefore, it is unlikely that thinning of the microfibrils occurred in the softened tunic, because digestion should have resulted in decreases in crystallinity index and crystallite size. Moreover, cellulase was not detected in pure cultures of A. hoyamushi in biochemical and expressed sequence tag analyses. These results indicate that cellulose degradation does not occur in the softened tunic.</P>
( Satoshi Yamada ),( Takuya Yoshino ),( Minoru Matsuura ),( Masamichi Kimura ),( Yorimitsu Koshikawa ),( Naoki Minami ),( Takahiko Toyonaga ),( Yusuke Honzawa ),( Hiroshi Nakase ) 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.3
Background/Aims: The long-term clinical outcomes of patients with bio-naive ulcerative colitis (UC) who maintain remission with thiopurine are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of maintenance treatment with thiopurine in UC patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort analysis conducted at a single center. Between December 1998 and August 2013, 59 of 87 patients with bio-naive UC who achieved remission after induction with treatments other than biologics were enrolled. Remission maintenance with thiopurine was defined as no concomitant treatment needed other than 5-aminosalicylate without relapse. We assessed the remissionmaintenance rate, mucosal healing rate, colectomy-free rate, and treatment safety in UC patients who received thiopurineas maintenance treatment. Results: The 84-month cumulative remission-maintenance and colectomy-free survival rates in the UC patients who were receiving maintenance treatment with thiopurine and 5-aminosalicylate were 43.9% and 88.0%, respectively. Of the 38 patients who underwent colonoscopy during thiopurine maintenance treatment, 23 (60.5%) achieved mucosal healing. Of the 59 patients who achieved clinical remission with thiopurine, 6 patients (10.2%) discontinued the thiopurine therapy because of adverse events. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the long-term efficacy and safety of thiopurine treatment in patients with bio-naive UC. (Intest Res 2015;13:250-258)
Design and Construction of a Surface Encoder with Dual Sine-Grids
Kimura, Akihide,Gao, Wei,Kiyono, Satoshi Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2
This paper describes a second-generation dual sine-grid surface encoder for 2-D position measurements. The surface encoder consisted of a 2-D grid with a 2-D sinusoidal pattern on its surface, and a 2-D angle sensor that detected the 2-D profile of the surface grid The 2-D angle sensor design of previously developed first-generation surface encoders was based on geometric optics. To improve the resolution of the surface encoder, we fabricated a 2-D sine-grid with a pitch of $10{\mu}m$. We also established a new optical model for the second-generation surface encoder that utilizes diffraction and interference to generate its measured values. The 2-D sine-grid was fabricated on a workpiece by an ultra precision lathe with the assistance of a fast tool servo. We then performed a UV-casting process to imprint the sine-grid on a transparent plastic film and constructed an experimental setup to realize the second-generation surface encoder. We conducted tests that demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed surface encoder model.
Design and Construction of a Surface Encoder with Dual Sine-Grids
Akihide Kimura,Wei Gao,Satoshi Kiyono 한국정밀공학회 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3
This paper describes a second-generation dual sine-grid surface encoder for 2-D position measurements. The surface encoder consisted of a 2-D grid with a 2-D sinusoidal pattern on its surface, and a 2-D angle sensor that detected the 2-D profile of the surface grid. The 2-D angle sensor design of previously developed first-generation surface encoders was based on geometric optics. To improve the resolution of the surface encoder, we fabricated a 2-D sine-grid with a pitch of 1 0 ㎛n. We also established a new optical model for the second-generation surface encoder that utilizes diffraction and interference to generate its measured values. The 2-D sine-grid was fabricated on a workpiece by an ultra precision lathe with the assistance of a fast tool servo. We then performed a UV-casting process to imprint the sine-grid on a transparent plastic film and constructed an experimental setup to realize the second-generation surface encoder. We conducted tests that demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed surface encoder model.
Catalytic Behavior of Silyl-Amide Complexes for Lactide Polymerization
이찬우,Satoshi Kuno,Yoshiharu Kimura 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.4
A series of silyl-amide complexes (=M{N(SiMe3)2}2) were examined as the catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide. The catalytic activity of the silyl-amide complexes for zinc was compared with that of the silyl-amide complexes of tin in order to clarify the structural effects on the catalytic behavior. In the tin complexes, the addition of 1-dodecanol made the polymerization rate of L-lactide faster and suppressed the initiation with the N(SiMe3)2 ligands. The 1H NMR analysis revealed that the rates of ligand exchange for the N(SiMe3)2 and 1-dodecanol are different between the zinc and tin complexes. Based on this finding, melt polymerizations of L-lactide was conducted with the zinc catalyst to synthesize high-molecular-weight poly(L-lactide). The Mn of the obtained polymer was found to become higher than 60,000 Da, which is required for the industrial application of polylactide,in a short reaction time.
Effects of Body Weight Reduction on Serum Irisin and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Subjects
Yaeko Fukushima,Satoshi Kurose,Hiromi Shinno,Ha Cao Thi Thu,Nana Takao,Hiromi Tsutsumi,Takaaki Hasegawa,Toshiaki Nakajima,Yutaka Kimura 대한당뇨병학회 2016 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.40 No.5
Background: Irisin is a myokine implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a body weight reduction on the serum irisin level and physical indicators in obese Japanese patients without diabetes. Methods: The subjects were 22 patients (male/female, 5/17; age, 46.1±16.0 years; body mass index [BMI], 36.9±5.0 kg/m²) who completed a 6-month body weight reduction program at our clinic. The program included diet, exercise therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Blood parameters, body composition, exercise tolerance, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum irisin were determined before and after intervention, and relationships among changes in these data were examined. Results: There were significant decreases in body weight and BMI after the intervention. Irisin before the intervention was significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.434, P<0.05). The mean irisin level showed no significant change after the intervention in all participants. However, improvements in % body fat, subcutaneous fat area, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were significantly greater in patients with an increase in irisin compared to those with a decrease in irisin after the intervention. Patients with an increase in irisin also had significantly lower fasting insulin (9.7±4.8 vs. 16.4±8.2, P<0.05) and HOMA-IR (2.2±1.1 vs. 3.7±1.6, P<0.05) after the intervention, compared to patients with a decrease in irisin. Conclusion: Body weight reduction did not alter irisin levels. However, irisin may play important roles in fat and glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and the effects of body weight reduction on irisin kinetics may be a key for obesity treatment.