http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
구상환,김우경 고려대학교 의과대학 1995 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.32 No.1
Silicones are a group of inert and inorganic compounds that were introduced over three decades ago and can be prepared in many different forms, which vary from hard rubber to the liquid crystals. Use of the silicone is widely accepted in almost every medical and dental specialty, perhaps most commonly in reconstructive surgery. A silicone implant elicits a capsular response in surrounding soft tissue. This phenomenon is well documented since significant capsular contracture occurs commonly as a complication of breast implants. The capsules are built up of an extremely tough, tendon-like collagenous material, which is arranged in a layer and surrounds the prosthesis completely. Three to four weeks after insertion of the implant, the capsule is already formed and it is made of capillaries, larger blood vessels, active macrophages, fibroblasts and a small amount of collagen. Later the capsule becomes less vascularized, more and more collagen are laid down and macrophages become inactive. The aim of this study was to examine whether this side effect could be used as a new source of flaps since the capsule has a structure and texture similar to fascia. With this objective, capsule formation was induced in rabbits by implanting spherical tissue expanders under the skin vascularized by the inferior epigastric vessels. When expansion was completed and the capsule was formed, the expander was removed and the animals were categorized into three groups. In the first group, the roof of the capsule was simply everted as hinge flap. In the second group, a capsule island flap was raised and orthotopically placed. In the third group, a capsule flap was raised and transferred to the ipsilateral injured Achilles tendon area for evaluation of ability to provide gliding surface. Four months later, a tendon-capsule-skin unit was excised and microscopically studied for late changes of capsule flap. The inner side of the various flaps for the first and second experimental groups and the outer side of the island flaps for the third group were covered with autologous full thickness skin graft to find out whether a peri-implant capsule was an adequate recipient site and this might be a new source of flaps for use in reconstructive surgery and this might be a new source of flaps for use in reconstructive surgery. In the three experimental groups, there was complete 'take' of the skin grafts in 80% of the animals. In conclusion, island or free flaps of capsular tissue may be raised and transferred safely. And the capsular flap, which provides a good gliding surface without adhesion even in the late stage, can be very useful if it is used as a fascia-like tissue to cover tendons.
구경원,이상우 韓國食飮料經營硏究會 1996 食飮料經營硏究 Vol.6 No.-
TQM is a whole process of systemizing, documenting and measuring of service quality scientifically to achieve zero defects in product quality and to continue to improve the body of the product quality by itself. To have this process be improved continuously, first of all it needs to prepare an ideal environment to understand and to conform to its internal and external customers', that is every guests' and employees' expectations and demands. Then it has to be followed by the next step removing some negative aspects that could be derived from the first mentioned process The third step is to cut the cost by suitable compensation rather than an attitude trying to solve the problems in an easy way. The last essential factor for setting up TQM system is to make good use of the outstanding feature or process as it is reviewed against the superior benchmark. The purpose of this study is meet the customers' expectations and to maximize the hotel 's profits by searching TQM(total quality management) strategy in hotels. To attain this research's objective, it follows these three details. Firstly, it defines TQM and its contents. Secondly, it provides the standard of hotel TQM throughout some case studies. Thirdly, it suggests TQM strategic plan in tourism hotel as one of professional management strategies. Two useful methods are used together to achieve the goal of this study. To confirm its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents published in arid out of the country is used. The other is case studies of TQM execution in real hospitality industry, which present the cases of the airline, Jefferson Memorial and the hotel. This research is targeting to demonstrate the successful TQM's exercise ill a hotel industry by completing the theoretical studies and case studies on service product quality with an understanding of its importance. As it is said earlier, to lead to the successful TQM's practice, it is necessary to maintain a constant training of the employees. Secondly, it also must identify where it has to focus on to deliver a professional quality management. Thirdly, effective quality management organization needs to be build up. The manager's strong will to accomplish and the employee' active participations are the last condition to be succeed. Once again this study places an emphasis on the fact that TQM is critical to maximize the customers' satisfaction and the hotel's profitability. It is also very worthwhile to have every people working on front line recognize why the TQM is important and further more how they can contribute to improve their service quality by a positive participation and a careful observation of TQM 's operating in their property.