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- 저자 : ( Rami Lee ) (검색결과 29 건)
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Brain correlates to facial motor imagery and its somatotopy in the primary motor cortex
Soliman, Ramy S.,Lee, Sanghoon,Eun, Seulgi,Mohamed, Abdalla Z.,Lee, Jeungchan,Lee, Eunyoung,Makary, Meena M.,Kathy Lee, Seung Min,Lee, Hwa-Jin,Choi, Woo Suk,Park, Kyungmo Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2017 NEUROREPORT - Vol.28 No.5
<P>Motor imagery (MI) has attracted increased interest for motor rehabilitation as many studies have shown that MI shares the same neural networks as motor execution (ME). Nevertheless, MI in terms of facial movement has not been studied extensively; thus, in the present study, we investigated shared neural networks between facial motor imagery (FMI) and facial motor execution (FME). In addition, FMI somatotopy within-face was investigated between the forehead and the mouth. Functional MRI was used to examine 34 healthy individuals with ME and MI paradigms for the forehead and the mouth. The general linear model and a paired t-test were performed to define the facial area in the primary motor cortex (M1) and this area has been used to investigate somatotopy between the forehead and mouth FMI. FMI recruited similar brain motor areas as FME, but showed less neural activity in all activated regions. The facial areas in M1 were distinguishable from other body movements such as finger movement. Further investigation of this area showed that forehead and mouth imagery tended to lack a somatotopic representation for position on M1, and yet had distinct characteristics in terms of neural activity level. FMI showed different characteristics from general MI as the former exclusively activated facial processing areas. In addition, FME and FMI showed different characteristics in terms of BOLD signal level, while sharing the same neural areas. The results imply a potential usefulness of MI training for rehabilitation of facial motor disease considering that forehead and mouth somatotopy showed no clear position difference, and yet showed a significant BOLD signal intensity variation. NeuroReport 28: 285-291 Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
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Rami Lee,Ji-Hun Kim,Won-Woo Kim,Sung-Hee Hwang,Sun-Hye Choi,Jong-Hoon Kim,Ik-Hyun Cho,Manho Kim,Seung-Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.3
Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when co-administered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).
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Rami Lee,Byung-Hwan Lee,Sun-Hye Choi,Yeon-Jin Cho,Han-Sung Cho,Hyoung-Chun Kim,Hyewhon Rhim,Ik-Hyun Cho,Man Hee Rhee,Seung-Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.5
Background: Gintonin, isolated from ginseng, acts as a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand and elicits the [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]i transient through six LPA receptor subtypes (LPARSs). However, the long-term effects of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on the gene expression of six LPARSs remain unknown. We examined changes in the gene expression of six LPA receptors in the mouse whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, small intestine, colon, and testis after long-term oral GEF administration. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: control vehicle and GEF (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 21-day saline or GEF treatment, total RNA was extracted from nine mouse organs. Quantitative-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were performed to quantify changes in the gene and protein expression of the six LPARSs, respectively. Results: qRT-PCR analysis before GEF treatment revealed that the LPA6 RS was predominant in all organs except the small intestine. The LPA2 RS was most abundant in the small intestine. Long-term GEF administration differentially regulated the six LPARSs. Upon GEF treatment, the LPA6 RS significantly increased in the liver, small intestine, colon, and testis but decreased in the whole brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Western blot analysis of the LPA6 RS confirmed the differential effects of GEF on LPA6 receptor protein levels in the whole brain, liver, small intestine, and testis. Conclusion: The LPA6 receptor was predominantly expressed in all nine organs examined; long-term oral GEF administration differentially regulated LPA3, LPA4, and LPA6 receptors in the whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, small intestine, and testis.
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Rami Lee,Han-Sung Cho,Ji-Hun Kim,Hee-Jung Cho,Sun-Hye Choi,Sung-Hee Hwang,Hyewon Rhim,Ik-Hyun Cho,Man-Hee Rhee,Do-Geun Kim,Hyoung-Chun Kim,Seung-Yeol Nah The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.3
Background: Ginseng contains three active components: ginsenosides, gintonin, and polysaccharides. After the separation of 1 of the 3 ingredient fractions, other fractions are usually discarded as waste. In this study, we developed a simple and effective method, called the ginpolin protocol, to separate gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), ginseng polysaccharide fraction (GPF), and crude ginseng saponin fraction (cGSF). Methods: Dried ginseng (1 kg) was extracted using 70% ethanol (EtOH). The extract was water fractionated to obtain a water-insoluble precipitate (GEF). The upper layer after GEF separation was precipitated with 80% EtOH for GPF preparation, and the remaining upper layer was vacuum dried to obtain cGSF. Results: The yields of GEF, GPF, and cGSF were 14.8, 54.2, and 185.3 g, respectively, from 333 g EtOH extract. We quantified the active ingredients of 3 fractions: L-arginine, galacturonic acid, ginsenosides, glucuronic acid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), phosphatidic acid (PA), and polyphenols. The order of the LPA, PA, and polyphenol content was GEF > cGSF > GPF. The order of L-arginine and galacturonic acid was GPF >> GEF = cGSF. Interestingly, GEF contained a high amount of ginsenoside Rb1, whereas cGSF contained more ginsenoside Rg1. GEF and cGSF, but not GPF, induced intracellular [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> transient with antiplatelet activity. The order of antioxidant activity was GPF > GEF = cGSF. Immunological activities (related to nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and IL-6 and TNF-α release) were, in order, GPF > GEF = cGSF. The neuroprotective ability (against reactive oxygen species) order was GEF > cGSP > GPF. Conclusion: We developed a novel ginpolin protocol to isolate 3 fractions in batches and determined that each fraction has distinct biological effects.
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Rami Lee,Han Sang Lee,Won-Woo Kim,Manho Kim,Seung-Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6
Background: Gintonin is a new material of ginseng that acts through the ginseng-derived lysophosphatidicacid (LPA) receptor ligand. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) inhibits amyloid plaque accumulationin the cortex and hippocampus, improves cognitive dysfunction by increasing acetylcholinelevels, and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. We evaluatedthe effect of the GEF on the cognitive performance of subjects with subjective memory impairment(SMI). Methods: In this eight-week, randomized, assessor- and participant-blinded, placebo-controlled study,participants with SMI were assigned to three groups receiving placebo, GEF 300 mg/day or GEF 600 mg/day. The Korean versions of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (K-ADAS), Mini-Mental StateExamination (K-MMSE), and Stroop color-word test (K-SCWT) were also evaluated along with the safetyprofiles. Results: One hundred thirty-six participants completed the study. After eight weeks, we analyzedintergroup differences in primary or secondary outcome score changes. When we compared the GEFgroup with the placebo group, we observed significant improvements in the K-ADAS and K-SCWT scores. The GEF group did not show a significant improvement in K-MMSE and BDI scores compared to theplacebo group. No adverse events were observed in the gintonin and placebo groups for eight weeks. Conclusion: The GEF is safe and effective in improving subjective cognitive impairment related to boththe K-ADAS and K-SCWT in this study. However, further large-scale and randomized controlled studiesare warranted to secure other cognitive function tests besides the K-ADAS and K-SCWT, and to confirmthe findings of the current study.
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Treatment satisfaction and its influencing factors among adult orthodontic patients
Lee, Rami,Hwang, Soonshin,Lim, Hyunsun,Cha, Jung-Yul,Kim, Kyung-Ho,Chung, Chooryung J. Elsevier 2018 American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial o Vol.153 No.6
<P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to investigate the level of satisfaction for orthodontic treatment among adult patients. In addition, the influencing host factors were monitored for their associations with satisfaction.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A questionnaire was designed to measure the level of satisfaction in 10 items; overall satisfaction, tooth alignment, facial appearance, eating and chewing, confident smile and self-image, retention state, treatment duration, treatment costs, intention to recommend, and relief of previous concerns, using a 5-point Likert scale. Total satisfaction was calculated by averaging the Likert scores from the 10 items. The survey was conducted, and the results from 298 adults were evaluated.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>For the overall satisfaction item, 45.0% were very satisfied, and 39.9% were satisfied, resulting in a satisfaction ratio of 84.9%. Total satisfaction score was 3.9. The level of satisfaction for tooth alignment and confident smile and self-image were significantly higher than facial appearance and eating and chewing (<I>P</I> <0.001). Patients aged 50 and above were more satisfied than the younger ones, and men were more satisfied than women (<I>P</I> <0.05).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Overall, adult patients were highly satisfied with orthodontic treatment. Age, sex, motivation, expected concern, and discomfort influenced the level of satisfaction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A questionnaire was developed to measure treatment satisfaction among adults. </LI> <LI> In general, adult patients were highly satisfied with orthodontic treatment. </LI> <LI> Adults age 50 and above were more satisfied than younger age groups. </LI> <LI> Sex, motivation, concerns, and discomfort influenced the level of satisfaction. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of Waste PVC/HDPE Blend Prepared by Twin-screw Extruder
( Rami Lee ),( Se-ho Park ),( Jong-sung Baek ),( Hyoungsan Kye ),( Kwang-hwan Jhee ),( Daesuk Bang ) 한국고무학회 2019 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.54 No.1
Recycling of waste polyvinyl chloride plastics has attracted much attention due to environmental problems, but the poor mechanical properties, low thermal stability, frequent breakage of strands, and melt cracking of the waste plastics have limited their widespread use. To overcome these disadvantages of waste PVC (W-PVC), recycled PVC powder blend was prepared by adding high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as a heat stabilizer and compatibilizer, respectively. An intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder was used to prepare the blend, and the characteristics of the blend were analyzed by SEM and TGA, and by using a UTM and Izod impact tester. The impact strength was improved as the EVA content increased for the W-PVC/HDPE (80/20 wt%) blend. As the HDPE and EVA contents increased in the W-PVC/HDPE/EVA blend, the impact strength increased. SEM observations also revealed the improved interfacial adhesion for the EVA-containing blend.
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