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Exchange Rates and the Trade Balance: Korean Experience 1970 to 1996
Peter Wilson 서울대학교 경제연구소 2000 Seoul journal of economics Vol.13 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the real trade balance and the real exchange rate for bilateral trade in merchandise goods between Korea and both the USA and Japan on a quarterly basis over the period 1970 to 1996 using the partial reduced form model of Rose and Yellen (1989) derived from the two-country imperfect substitutes model. In line with recent work using a similar methodology, our findings suggest that when account is taken of the non-stationarity of the underlying data. the real exchange rate does not have a significant impact on the real bilateral trade balance with respect to the USA or Japan. Only when we ran the estimating equations in logs of levels using ordinary least squares did we find a significant relationship for Korean trade with the USA. supporting previous work by Han-Min Hsing and Savvides (1996). As far as the J-curve is concerned, we find no persuasive evidence of a J-curve effect at work. It is, however, possible that 'small country' effects are at work, whereby a tendency to price exports in foreign rather than domestic currency generates a rise in the domestic currency value of exports during the currency contract period which masks the initial rise in import values associated with J-curve behavior, but there was no evidence that imports subsequently fell as the lag length increased, which would be required to support a strict interpretation of the J-curve.
Peter Wilson Cardon,Min Feng,Haibing Ma,Qinghua Ma 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2021 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.4 No.2
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is (a) to examine the relationship between employee voice and management receptiveness with employee engagement; (b) to explore changes in internal vertical communication during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (c) to examine how less formal communication influences employee engagement. Methods: A survey of 344 Chinese professionals in the Shanghai region was conducted to measure employee voice; management receptiveness; internal vertical communication via DingTalk, WeChat, online meetings, and face-to-face (F2F) meetings; and use of informal communication (frequency of WeChat Moments between managers and employees). ANOVA analysis was used to compare changes across the three time periods, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore predictors of employee engagement. Results: Across the pandemic, managers increased their communication with employees via DingTalk and online meetings but decreased their communication with employees via F2F meetings. Employee voice and management receptiveness were the most significant predictors of employee engagement. Perceptions of employee voice grew significantly from the pre-COVID period until the present. The increased sharing and liking of WeChat Moments among managers and employees significantly predicted higher employee engagement. Conclusions: This is the first known study to explore the connection between employee voice and management receptiveness with employee engagement in the Chinese context. It also explores how two communication platforms, DingTalk and WeChat, with similar affordances are used with varying amounts of formality in the workplace. It highlights how the use of WeChat Moments, an informal form of communication, drives higher engagement.
Searching for the Right Metaphors to Understand and Interrogate the AI Age
Peter Wilson Cardon 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2023 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.6 No.2
The invention of the printing press allowed the rapid dissemination of science, culture, and knowledge that many refer to as the Enlightenment, the Renaissance, or the Scientific Revolution (Dewar, 1998; Kissinger, Schmidt, & Huttenlocher, 2023). Many scholars and experts believe AI will be as transformative as the printing press and usher in unprecedented growth in knowledge and human potential (Ball, 2023; Kissinger et al., 2023; Sforza, 2023). Of course we can’t yet know whether AI will be as transformational as the printing press, but this comparison invoked by thought leaders reveals the human impulse to use metaphors to make sense of an unpredictable future.
Chung, Peter J.,Choi, Myung Chul,Miller, Herbert P.,Feinstein, H. Eric,Raviv, Uri,Li, Youli,Wilson, Leslie,Feinstein, Stuart C.,Safinya, Cyrus R. National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.47
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>The microtubule-associated protein Tau is known to stabilize microtubules against depolymerization in neuronal axons, ensuring proper trafficking of organelles along microtubules in long axons. Abnormal interactions between Tau and microtubules are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. We directly measured forces between microtubules coated with Tau isoforms by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering of reconstituted Tau–microtubule mixtures under osmotic pressure (mimicking molecular crowding in cells). We found that select Tau isoforms fundamentally alter forces between microtubules by undergoing a conformational change on microtubule surfaces at a coverage indicative of an unusually extended Tau state. This gain of function by longer isoforms in imparting steric stabilization to microtubules is essential in preventing microtubule aggregation and loss of function in organelle trafficking.</P><P>Microtubules (MTs) are hollow cytoskeletal filaments assembled from αβ-tubulin heterodimers. Tau, an unstructured protein found in neuronal axons, binds to MTs and regulates their dynamics. Aberrant Tau behavior is associated with neurodegenerative dementias, including Alzheimer’s. Here, we report on a direct force measurement between paclitaxel-stabilized MTs coated with distinct Tau isoforms by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of MT-Tau mixtures under osmotic pressure (<I>P</I>). In going from bare MTs to MTs with Tau coverage near the physiological submonolayer regime (Tau/tubulin-dimer molar ratio; Φ<SUB>Tau</SUB> = 1/10), isoforms with longer N-terminal tails (NTTs) sterically stabilized MTs, preventing bundling up to <I>P</I><SUB>B</SUB> ∼ 10,000–20,000 Pa, an order of magnitude larger than bare MTs. Tau with short NTTs showed little additional effect in suppressing the bundling pressure (<I>P</I><SUB>B</SUB> ∼ 1,000–2,000 Pa) over the same range. Remarkably, the abrupt increase in <I>P</I><SUB>B</SUB> observed for longer isoforms suggests a mushroom to brush transition occurring at 1/13 < Φ<SUB>Tau</SUB> < 1/10, which corresponds to MT-bound Tau with NTTs that are considerably more extended than SAXS data for Tau in solution indicate. Modeling of Tau-mediated MT–MT interactions supports the hypothesis that longer NTTs transition to a polyelectrolyte brush at higher coverages. Higher pressures resulted in isoform-independent irreversible bundling because the polyampholytic nature of Tau leads to short-range attractions. These findings suggest an isoform-dependent biological role for regulation by Tau, with longer isoforms conferring MT steric stabilization against aggregation either with other biomacromolecules or into tight bundles, preventing loss of function in the crowded axon environment.</P>