공군사관생도의 심폐능력에 따른 심리 · 생리요인 비교

김인기(In-ki Kim),김건희(Gun-hee Kim),송성우(Sung-woo Song),최가람(Ga-ram Choi),엄장원(Jang-won Eom),곽재준(Jae-jun Kwak),유영남(Young-nam You),정덕화(Deok-hwa Jeong),강지훈(Ji-hun Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2019 한국군사학논집 Vol.75 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in psychological and physiological factors between groups by classifying groups based on the 3km running record of fourth grade Air Force Academy cadets. Among the top 46 Air Force Academy cadets who wanted to participate in the study, the study conducted an open survey of the top 13 and the bottom 15 who wanted to provide the data prior to the study. The subjects of the experiment and in-depth interview were studied by a total of 18 people, 9 of each upper and lower members who wished to participate in the study. Psychological factors were structured through inductive content analysis of data extracted from in-depth interviews, and physiological factors were conducted to verify differences between groups of body composition and cardiopulmonary function. The psychological factors of the upper and lower groups were found to be general areas of performance strategy, achievement motivation, emotional response, military spirit, situation perception, and basic physical strength. In the detailed areas, the subjects were also examined in 15 areas including physical fitness indicators, confidence, condition control, task orientation, and positive self-perception. As a result of comparison between upper and lower groups, the upper group was 2.2 times higher than the lower group and the lower group was 1.7 times higher than the upper group in the military spirit and performance strategy of the general area response rate. In general area response, the ratio of mental strength and confidence was different in the general area of military spirit. In addition, the upper group in the achievement motivation showed a high percentage of task tendency at 47%, while the lower group showed a high rate of zero motivation at 50%. In the emotional response, the upper group showed an equal ratio, while the lower group showed an 81% ratio of negative emotions. In the overall response by sub-region, the negative emotions of the subgroup were high at 28%. In the body composition, BFM showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and Weight, FFM, and SMM did not show any significant difference between groups. In cardiopulmonary capacity, VO2max showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and VE and LT did not show significant differences between groups.

Skin Safety of the UV Absorbers by Measurement Cytotoxicity High Functional Product with Water-In-Silicone System

( Kim In-young ),( Kim Min-ho ),( Nam Sang-in ),( Chun Kil Whan ) 대한화장품학회 1997 대한화장품학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Consumers have recently preferred to purchase extensive UV intercepting products, which are waterproof and free from side effects on skin. Testing Cytotoxicity (in-vitro) in SK method, cell survival ratio of UV-B interceptors decreased above 0.08W/V%, and so did that of UV-A interceptors above 0.06W/V%. Also, Patch-test of inorganic UV interceptors resulted in no skin irritation ever below 10.0 and 11.25. UV interceptors in the sunlight showed yellowish discoloration in 5 to 14 days. In absorption curves, UV-B was most suitable for Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and UV-A for Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane (BMDM). For this reason, Nylonpoly UVA/UVB the material of OMC and BMDM coated with Nylon & polyethylene, was used as the organic UV interceptor. And zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO,) was used as inorganic UV interceptors. The appropriate mixture ratio of ZnO and TiO, was 6 to 4. 6% of ZnO, 4% of TiO, and 5% of Nylonpoly UVA/UVB were all combined with our sunscreen cream. The SPF value of in-vivo applied to a guinea pig was 34.9 and that of in-vivo was 38.5. Cyclomerhicone and dimethicone were used in water-in-Silicone system. Ceryl dimethi-cone and sorbitan sesquiolente were used as emulsifiers and MgSO, · 7 H₂O, Mg-stearate/Mg-Al-stearate copolymer as emulsification stabilizers. In practical application, each SPF duration of O/’W type and W/S type containing sunscreen cream of the same content showed that W/S type of sunscreen cream was 5 times as durable as the other. This product is fit for using in swimming, climbing or skiing. This research is to minimize skin trouble caused by UV interceptors and to make one with proper softness, skin safety and UV intercepting efficiency.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.

Low serum bilirubin level predicts the develop-ment of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

( Kang Hee Ahn ),( Sang Soo Kim ),( Won Jin Kim ),( Jong Ho Kim ),( Yun Jeong Nam ),( Su Bin Park ),( Yun Kyung Jeon ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( In Joo Kim ),( Yong Ki Kim ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5

Background/Aims: We evaluated whether serum bilirubin levels can predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T₂DM). Methods: This was a retrospective observational longitudinal study of patients presenting at the Pusan National University Hospital. A total of₃₄₉ patients with T₂DM and preserved kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were enrolled. The main outcome was the development of CKD stage 3 or greater. The patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of the total serum bilirubin levels at baseline. Results: The group with the lowest range of total serum bilirubin level (Q₁) showed the highest cumulative incidence of CKD stage 3 or greater than that of the other lower quartiles (Q₁ vs. Q₄; hazard ratio [HR], 6.75; 95% confidence in-terval [CI], 1.54 to 29.47; p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the second lowest quartile of the serum bili-rubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q₂ vs. Q₄; HR, 9.36; 95% CI, 1.33 to 65.73; p = 0.024). In the normoalbuminuria subgroup (n = 236), multivariate analysis showed that the risk of developing CKD stage 3 or greater was higher in the lowest quartile of the serum bilirubin level than that in the highest quartile of the serum bilirubin level (Q1 vs. Q4; HR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.24 to 35.82; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Serum bilirubin might be an early clinical marker for predicting the progression of CKD in patients with T₂DM and preserved renal function.

Long Term Prognostic Value of HbA1C in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without Known Diabetes

( Il Hyung Jung ),( Chung Kang ),( Dong In Nam ),( Sang Cheol Cho ),( Wan Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

Background: The prognostic role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in non-diabetic (non-DM) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still controversial. We evaluated the prognostic role of HbA1C in AMI patients without previously known diabetes. Methods: From January 2008 to August 2011, 3,292 in AMI patients with non-DM [65.6±13.1 years, 2,460 men (74.8%)] who underwent laboratory testing of HbA1C were enrolled retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups by HbA1C [Group 1 ≤ 6.5%, n=2,864 (87%); Group 2 > 6.5%, n=428 (13%)]. The primary end point was composite major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including all cause death, cardiac death, re-MI, and revascularization of target or non-target vessel during 12 months follow up. Results: Patients of in-hospital all cause death and cardiac death were 202 [169 (6.0%) vs. 33 (6.8%), p>0.05) and 145 [124 (4.4%) vs. 21 (4.3%), p>0.05], respectively. BMI (24.0±3.1 vs. 24.9±3.6), blood glucose (145±55 vs. 207±90 mg/dL), total cholesterol (184±44 vs. 196±47 mg/dL), triglyceride (121±88 vs. 157±118 mg/dL), LDL (118±39 vs. 127±41 mg/dL) and hs-CRP (5.35±20.3 vs. 8.76±34.9 mg/dL) were higher and HDL (44.4±14.7 vs. 42.2±11.7 mg/dL) was lower in group 2 (p of all variables < 0.01). The incidence of hyperlipidemia (9.2% vs. 12.4%, p=0.036), obesity (BMI ≥ 30, 3.3% vs. 8.2%, p<0.01), current smoker (44.7% vs. 50.2%, p=0.032), and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (ejection fraction<40%, 11.3% vs. 15.4%, p=0.021) were more frequent in group 2. There were no significant difference in clinical outcomes at 12 months. In subgroup analysis (group 1 was divided by 5.5% of HbA1C), there were no significant difference in short and long term clinical outcomes. Old Age (age ≥ 65 years), high Killip class (III & IV), LV dysfunction, and renal insufficiency (GFR <60 mL/min) were independent predictors of 12 months composite MACEs. Conclusion: Korean AMI patients with non-DM and HbA1C > 6.5% were not associated with worse outcomes during 12 months follow up.

New Method for Simultaneous Quantification of 12 Ginsenosides in Red Ginseng Powder and Extract: In-house Method Validation

In, Gyo,Ahn, Nam-Geun,Bae, Bong-Seok,Han, Sung-Tai,Noh, Kil-Bong,Kim, Cheon-Suk The Korean Society of Ginseng 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.2

For quality control of components in Korean red ginseng powder and extract, a new method for simultaneous quantification of 12 ginsenosides ($Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rh_1$, $Rg_2$[S], $Rg_2$[R], $Rb_1$, Rc, $Rb_2$, Rd, $Rg_3$[S], and $Rg_3$[R]) was studied. Compared to the official method for quantification of marker substances (ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$), the proposed methods were guaranteed by in-house method validation. Several criteria such as linearity, specificity, precision and accuracy were evaluated. For red ginseng powder, recovery (averaging 95% to 105%) was calculated, and analysis of variance was carried out to estimate the relative standard deviation (0.20% to 2.12%). For red ginseng extract, the average recovery rate was 90% to 99% and the relative standard deviation was 0.39% to 2.40%. These results indicate that the proposed method could be used in the laboratory for determination of 12 ginsenosides in red ginseng powder and extract. In addition, this method was found to be suitable for quality control of ginseng products and potentially offer time and cost benefits.

A Comparative Study on the Interfacial Microstructures of Steel Cladded with IN625 and 308L by Laser and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Processes

In-Chul Jung,Gi-Jung Nam,In-Sung Choi,Gwang-Hyun Lee,Jeong-Suh,Dong-Yong Im,Hyun-Uk Hong 대한용접·접합학회 2023 대한용접학회 특별강연 및 학술발표대회 개요집 Vol.2023 No.10

Improved Time Intervals by Implementation of Computerized Physician Order Entry-Based Stroke Team Approach

Nam, Hyo Suk,Han, Sang Won,Ahn, Seong Hwan,Lee, Jong Yun,Choi, Hye-Yeon,Park, In Cheol,Heo, Ji Hoe S. Karger AG 2007 Cerebrovascular diseases Vol.23 No.4

<P><I>Background:</I> The need for rapid evaluation and treatment of acute stroke patients has been well documented. A computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system can improve communication and provide immediate access to information, which may be useful for an effective team approach program targeted to reduce in-hospital time delays. <I>Methods:</I> To reduce the time from a patient’s arrival at the emergency department to thrombolysis, a team approach program using CPOE was developed, and its efficacy was investigated by comparing time intervals from arrival to evaluation and intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment before and after the implementation of the program. <I>Results:</I> Among 379 consecutive patients who were screened as potential candidates for thrombolysis, 25 patients (6.6%) received tPA during a 1-year period after initiation of the program. Fourteen patients were treated with tPA in the previous year. After program implementation, time from arrival to computed tomography scan was reduced from 34 to 19 min (p = 0.01). Time to report of complete blood count was also shortened from 52 to 33 min (p < 0.01). Finally, time from arrival to tPA treatment was reduced by 23 min (from 79 to 56 min; p < 0.01). Onset-to-door time tended to be longer after the program implementation (from 41 to 60 min; p = 0.14). <I>Conclusions:</I> Implementation of the CPOE-based team approach program significantly reduced time from emergency department arrival to evaluations and treatment.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

In-situ 탄산화 방법이 바닥용 드라이 모르타르의 강도에 미치는 영향

김진성(Kim, Jin Sung),인병은(In, Byung Eun),남성영(Nam, Seong Young),김춘식(Kim, Chun Sik),조성현(Jo, Sung Hyun) 한국콘크리트학회 2022 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.34 No.2

New Method for Simultaneous Quantifi cation of 12 Ginsenosides in Red Ginseng Powder and Extract

Gyo In,Nam-Geun Ahn,Bong-Seok Bae,Sung-Tai Han,Kil-Bong Noh,Cheon-Suk Kim 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.2

For quality control of components in Korean red ginseng powder and extract, a new method for simultaneous quantifi cation of 12 ginsenosides (Rg₁, Re, Rf, Rh₁, Rg₂[S], Rg₂[R], Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂, Rd, Rg₃[S], and Rg₃[R]) was studied. Compared to the offi cial method for quantifi cation of marker substances (ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb₁), the proposed methods were guaranteed by in-house method validation. Several criteria such as linearity, specifi city, precision and accuracy were evaluated. For red ginseng powder, recovery (averaging 95% to 105%) was calculated, and analysis of variance was carried out to estimate the relative standard deviation (0.20% to 2.12%). For red ginseng extract, the average recovery rate was 90% to 99% and the relative standard deviation was 0.39% to 2.40%. These results indicate that the proposed method could be used in the laboratory for determination of 12 ginsenosides in red ginseng powder and extract. In addition, this method was found to be suitable for quality control of ginseng products and potentially offer time and cost benefi ts.