Some Pyridyl- and Thiophenyl- Substituted 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial

Muhammad Rizwan Maqsood,Muhammad Hanif,Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Sumera Zaib,Aftab Ahmed Khan,Mazhar Iqbal,Jamshed Iqbal,Nasim Hasan Rama,서승염,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.

Some Pyridyl- and Thiophenyl-Substituted 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b]1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial

Maqsood, Muhammad Rizwan,Hanif, Muhammad,Rafiq, Muhammad,Saleem, Muhammad,Zaib, Sumera,Khan, Aftab Ahmed,Iqbal, Mazhar,Iqbal, Jamshed,Rama, Nasim Hasan,Seo, Sung-Yum,Lee, Ki-Hwan Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12

The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.

ROBUST DIFFERENTIAL STEERING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AN INDEPENDENT FOUR WHEEL DRIVE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Muhammad Arshad Khan,Muhammad Faisal Aftab,Ejaz Ahmed,윤일중 한국자동차공학회 2019 International journal of automotive technology Vol.20 No.1

This research investigates a robust differential steering control system (DSCS) for an independent four wheel drive electric vehicle (EV). The DSCS will maneuver the independently actuated (IA) four wheel drive EV without the help of any conventional steering mechanism (CSM) via the input torque of the four wheels. The differential angular rotation speed between left and right wheels is used to generate the CSM effects. The DSCS is designed using the linear model of the vehicle with linear tire dynamics and is tested in simulations using a nonlinear vehicle model with nonlinear tire dynamics. The proposed DSCS is a combination of forward speed and yaw rate controllers, designed using the robust H∞ control methodology. The effectiveness of the proposed robust controller is analyzed by comparing the performance of the all-wheel drive (AWD), the rear wheel drive (RWD), and the front wheel drive (FWD) vehicles during simulations. The simulations results indicates that the proposed system can successfully maneuver the vehicle under different driving conditions by tracking the desired parameters without the use of any CSM.

Effect of electrochemical reduction on the structural and electrical properties of anodic TiO2 nanotubes

Muhammad Asim Rasheed,Kamran Ahmad,Nilem Khaliq,Yaqoob Khan,Muhammad Aftab Rafiq,Abdul Waheed,Attaullah Shah,Arshad Mahmood,Ghafar Ali 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.3

The effect of electrochemical reduction on the structural and electrical properties of amorphous as well as annealed TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) is investigated under ambient conditions. TNTs were prepared by anodizing titanium sheet in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing NH4F and de-ionized water at 40 V for 6 h. Electrochemical reduction is carried out in 1 M aqueous KOH solution for ~15 s at 3 V. TNTs are characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and impedance spectrometer. XRD results confirm an increase in dspacing for (101) and (200) planes, after electrochemical reduction. XPS data reveal that electrochemical reduction produced prominent shifts of ~0.7e1.0 eV in the binding energies of TNTs. Interestingly, these shifts recover completely (in case of amorphous TNTs) and partially (in case of anatase TNTs) within ~7 days after reduction process due to oxygen uptake. Partial recovery in the binding energies of anatase TNTs is due to the fact that the oxygen vacancies are thermodynamically more stable as compared to amorphous TNTs. Similarly, the electrochemical reduction process decreases the impedance values of TNTs by more than three orders of magnitudes (from MU to kU). The impedance values also recover to the similar values before reduction in a span of ~7days.

A comprehensive review on the watermelon phytochemical profile and their bioactive and therapeutic effects

Muhammad Nadeem,Maham Navida,Kashif Ameer,Aqsa Iqbal,Faiqa Malik,Muhammad Ather Nadeem,Hira Fatima,Aftab Ahmed,Ahmad Din 한국식품저장유통학회 2022 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is commonly consumed by humans and widely available around the world. It has impressive nutritional properties, a rich phytochemical profile, and various claimed medicinal and health benefits. The major carotenoids in watermelon include lycopene, β-carotene, phytofluene, phytoene, lutein, and neurosporene. Lycopene (approximately 6,888 μg/152 g) is the major bioactive component in the fruit and it reportedly promotes several therapeutic effects, such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities etc. in humans and animals. Watermelon is also a good source of the amino acid citrulline, which is involved in production of arginine. Pre- and postharvest factors, including fruit sampling area, application of fertilizer, climatic factors, and genetic variability, are known to affect its bioactive compounds and nutrient concentrations. This review summarizes our current understanding of the watermelon phytochemical profile and the factors affecting its bioactivities and therapeutic effects.

FIXED POINTS OF CHATTERJEA TYPE MULTI-VALUED F-CONTRACTIONS ON CLOSED BALL

Muhammad Nazam,Muhammad Arshad,Aftab Hussain,H. G. Hyun 경남대학교 수학교육과 2018 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.23 No.2

We introduce the notions of Chatterjea type multi-valued F-contraction and Chatterjea type multi-valued (α, η, GF )-contraction on closed ball and obtain two new fixed point theorems for such kind of contractions in complete metric spaces. Some comparative examples are given to illustrate and to show usefulness of these results among famous fixed point theorems on F-contractions.

Sentiment Analysis for COVID-19 Vaccine Popularity

( Muhammad Saeed ),( Naeem Ahmed ),( Abid Mehmood ),( Muhammad Aftab ),( Rashid Amin ),( Shahid Kamal ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.5

Social media is used for various purposes including entertainment, communication, information search, and voicing their thoughts and concerns about a service, product, or issue. The social media data can be used for information mining and getting insights from it. The World Health Organization has listed COVID-19 as a global epidemic since 2020. People from every aspect of life as well as the entire health system have been severely impacted by this pandemic. Even now, after almost three years of the pandemic declaration, the fear caused by the COVID-19 virus leading to higher depression, stress, and anxiety levels has not been fully overcome. This has also triggered numerous kinds of discussions covering various aspects of the pandemic on the social media platforms. Among these aspects is the part focused on vaccines developed by different countries, their features and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each vaccine. Social media users often share their thoughts about vaccinations and vaccines. This data can be used to determine the popularity levels of vaccines, which can provide the producers with some insight for future decision making about their product. In this article, we used Twitter data for the vaccine popularity detection. We gathered data by scraping tweets about various vaccines from different countries. After that, various machine learning and deep learning models, i.e., naive bayes, decision tree, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbor, and deep neural network are used for sentiment analysis to determine the popularity of each vaccine. The results of experiments show that the proposed deep neural network model outperforms the other models by achieving 97.87% accuracy.

개발도상국의 전자정부 시행에 따른 장점과 문제-파키스탄 중심으로-

무하마드아프탑 ( Muhammad Aftab ) 산업진흥원 2019 산업진흥연구 Vol.4 No.1

정부가 시민들에게 제공하는 서비스의 질은 현대 사회에서 우려의 대상이다. 전자 정부는 정보 기술의 응용을 통해 정부 운영 및 서비스 제공을 시민과 다른 기관으로 전환시키는 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구는 파키스탄에 특별히 주의를 기울여 개발도상국에 초점을 맞춘 전자 정부의 상태를 연구한다. 맏닥뜨린 어려움과 이점이 확인되었다. 결과는 이들 국가의 전자정부 시스템 구현에 중요하다. 적용된 방법론은 연구 주제와 관련된 문헌의 분석과 종합을 포함하는 2차 연구를 수반한다. 그 결과 파키스탄은 인터넷 사용의 증가와 디지털 플랫폼의 데이터 액세스를 통해 전자 정부 시스템을 구축하는 데 놀라운 단계를 밟았음을 보여준다. 연구 결과에 따르면 전자 정부는 서비스 품질 향상, 서비스 제공 비용 효율성, 부패 방지 및 투명성 제고, 빈곤 퇴치를 위한 기반 제공, 국가의 경제적 안정성 향상, 직접 민주주의. 이 연구는 또한 개발도상국들이 재정적 제약, ICT 인프라 부족, 전자 정부에 대한 문맹, 정치적 합의 조건, 법적 장애, 사회적 및 문화적 제약 등의 형태로 어려움을 겪고 있음을 발견했다. 전자 정부는 정부가 제공하는 정부의 질을 변화시킬 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있으며, 정책 입안자와 구현자는 구현에 방해가 되는 제약 사항을 해결해야한다. The quality of service delivery by governments to their citizens is a subject of concern in the contemporary society. E-governance is a critical aspect that is transforming government operation and service delivery to citizens and other bodies through application of information technology. This research explores the state of e-governing focusing on nations that are developing with special attention to Pakistan. The difficulties and benefits encountered are identified. The results are vital for implementers of e-governing systems in these countries. The methodology applied entails a secondary research that involves analysis and synthesis of literature relating the research topic. The results reveal that Pakistan has made incredible steps in setting up e-governance systems with growth in internet use and access of data from a digital platform. The findings reveal that e-government is associated with multiple benefits including enhanced quality of services, cost efficiency in service provision, enhance transparency and elimination of corruption, provide the basis for eradication of poverty, boost economic stability of a country, and provide room for direct democracy. The research also found that developing countries experience challenges in form of financial constraints, poor ICT infrastructure, illiteracy on e-government, political consensus constraints, legal obstacles, social and cultural constraints. E-government has the capability to transform the quality of governance provided by governments, and policymakers and implementers should address the constraints that act as a hindrance to its implementation.

Investigating the Electrical and Optical Properties of Nickle and Strontium Co-Doped CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals: Potential Absorber Material for Perovskite Solar Cells

Saqib Ali,Sofia Javed,Muhammad Aftab Akram,Nadia Shahzad,Muhammad Adnan,Muhammad Usman,Maryam Basit,Faiza Rizwan,Muhammad Mujahid 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.4

In this study, the optoelectronic characteristics of cesium-based all-inorganic perovskite (AIP) nanocrystals (NCs) are examined in relation to Sr/Ni doping. These nanocrystals are synthesized via the hot injection method and then examined for compositional, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the homogeneous and compact NCs clusters while Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies shows smooth film morphology with a narrow size distribution. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the monoclinic perovskite structure and excellent crystallinity. Similarly, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has shown evidence for the existence of long-chain organic ligands employed for the stability and passivation of the NCs. High absorbance in the visible region is seen by UV–Visible spectroscopy, with a band gap of 2.44-2.48 eV while steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates low lattice defects and high crystallinity. Doping with Sr/Ni increased the bulk charge carrier concentration up to 3.70 × 10 16 cm -3 and decreased the resistivity to 4.61 × 10 3 Ω cm as compared to 1.45 × 10 13 cm -3 and 8.58 × 10 3 Ω cm respectively according to measurements made using the hall effect measurments. The doped AIP NCs displayed excellent thermal stability up to 545 °C. The Ni/Sr doping has resulted in obtaining improved properties in CsPbBr 3 perovskite NCs for optoelectronic application.

Whole exome sequencing revealed novel variants in consanguineous Pakistani families with intellectual disability

Iqra Ghulam Rasool,Muhammad Yasir Zahoor,Muhammad Iqbal,Aftab Ahmad Anjum,Fatima Ashraf,Hafiz Qamar Abbas,Hafiz Muhammad Azhar Baig,Tariq Mahmood,Wasim Shehzad 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.5

Background Intellectual disability (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder afecting 1–3% of the population. Elucidation of monogenic variants for ID is a current challenge. These variants can be better demonstrated in consanguineous afected families. Objective The study was designed to fnd the genetic variants of ID in consanguineous families. Methods We analyzed fve unrelated consanguineous Pakistani families afected with ID using whole exome sequencing (WES). Data was analyzed using diferent bioinformatics tools and software. Results We mapped four variants including three novels in four diferent ID known genes. Each variant is found in a different family, co-segregating with a recessive pattern of inheritance. The novel variants found are; c. 2_4del (p.?) mapped in ROS1 and c. 718G>A (p.Gly240Arg) in GRM1. Another novel causative variant, c.2673del (p.Gly892Aspfs*17) identifed in COL18A1 in a recessive form, a gene reported for Knobloch syndrome that manifests ID along with typical retinal abnormalities, and this phenotype was confrmed on reverse phenotyping. A mutation c.2134C>T (p.Arg712*) in TRAPPC9 has been found frst time in the homozygous recessive form in our enrolled three afected siblings while it was previously reported in compound heterozygous form in a Caucasian descent. While ffth family remained unsolved. Conclusion These mutations in four diferent genes with a recessive inheritance would be a contribution to the disease variant database of this devastating disorder.