Automatic Acquisition of a High-Precision Translation Lexicon from Parallel Chinese-English Corpora

( Zhao Ming Gao ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-

This paper presents a hybrid approach to deriving a translation lexicon from unaligned parallel Chinese-English corpora. Based on the observation that the English translation of a Chinese compound often involves two or more English words, a heuristic is presented that accepts Chinese-English word pairs as correct if two consecutive English words are proposed to correspond to the same Chinese word in, a statistical or dictionary-based approach. In addition, document-external word distributions are utilised to measure word pair co-occurrences in the whole corpus. Words with low co-occurrence ratios are then filtered out. The two proposed methods can derive a translation lexicon of more than 94% precision.

Extracting Recurrent Phrases and Terms from Texts Using a Purely Statistical Method

( Zhao Ming Gao ),( Harold Somers ) 한국언어정보학회 1998 국제 워크샵 Vol.1998 No.-

Most statistical measures for extracting interesting word pairs such as MI and t-score require a large corpus to work well. This paper evaluates some of the most widely used statistical measures and introduces a method that can identify significant bigrams in relatively small texts by adapting Fung and Church`s (1994) K-vec algorithm, which was originally designed to extract word correspondences from unaligned parallel corpora. The proposed method captures the linguistic generalisation abou lexical patterning in texts and can identify recurrent co-occurring word sequences, which might be phrases, terms, or unknown words. In addition, it has the potential of identifying key phrases and terms that reveal topicality in a text.

Roles of NMDA NR2B Subtype Receptor in Prefrontal Long-Term Potentiation and Contextual Fear Memory

Zhao, Ming-Gao,Toyoda, Hiroki,Lee, Yong-Seok,Wu, Long-Jun,Ko, Shanelle W.,Zhang, Xue-Han,Jia, Yongheng,Shum, Fanny,Xu, Hui,Li, Bao-Ming,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Zhuo, Min Elsevier 2005 Neuron Vol.47 No.6

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Cortical plasticity is thought to be important for the establishment, consolidation, and retrieval of permanent memory. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism of learning and memory, requires the activation of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In particular, it has been suggested that NR2A-containing NMDA receptors are involved in LTP induction, whereas NR2B-containing receptors are involved in LTD induction in the hippocampus. However, LTP in the prefrontal cortex is less well characterized than in the hippocampus. Here we report that the activation of the NR2B and NR2A subunits of the NMDA receptor is critical for the induction of cingulate LTP, regardless of the induction protocol. Furthermore, pharmacological or genetic blockade of the NR2B subunit in the cingulate cortex impaired the formation of early contextual fear memory. Our results demonstrate that the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor in the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in both LTP and contextual memory.</P>

Study on Farmland Soil’s Absorption Characteristics to BHC in Northeastern Industrial Polluted Area

Gao Ming,Hua Xiuyi,Dong Deming,Zhao Xingmin 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.6

This article adopts samples from farmland soil in Zhang Yi Zhan, Shenyang City, where is located in China’s northeastern industrial polluted area, assisted by systematic absorption test and soil column device and measuring system, to conduct in-depth study on the transfer rule of a persistent pollutant-organochlorine pesticide (OCP) BHC in soil, by which we could obtain the spatiotemporal variation process of pollutant concentration in unsaturated soil column under certain pollution transport condition. The experiment result indicates, that by comparing the leaching curves of each soil column filled with sample soil collected from various soil layers across the district, we could find that the transfer velocity of BHC in the vadose zone of soil column No. IV(60~80cm) was faster than that in No. I(0~20cm), No. II(20~40cm) and No. III(40~60cm), while that in No. V (80~100cm)was the maximum. This was possibly due to its close to upper soil layer where high content of clay and organic matter exist, while the lower soil layer was nearly sandy with low content of organic matter. However, the proved research shows, that soil's absorptive capacity to BHC would grow with an increase of organic matter content, therefore, the soil column No. V had smaller absorptive capacity than No. IV, and much smaller than No. I, II and III, extending the transfer capacity of pollutant to a larger degree. Namely, once the water body polluted by OCP reached to the lower soil layer of vadose zone, its transfer velocity would accelerate, which could be potentially hazardous to ecological system and underground water. Thus to research on the transfer characteristics of BHC in each soil layer of vadose zone would be of great importance as it would provide theoretical basis for improvement and restoration of soil and underground water pollution.

Treatment Efficacy and Prognostic Factors for Huge HCC Based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging

Zhang, Zhi-Ming,Zhang, Yu-Mei,Gao, Sheng,Yuan, Wei-Ping,Zhao, Yin-Nong,Xiang, Bang-De,Wu, Fei-Xiang,Wu, Guo-Bin,Liu, Jian-Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Objective: To explore the most appropriate treatment for patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) >10 cm by using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 HCC patients undergoing surgery were selected. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were respectively assessed. Results: This study showed that the cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 79.7%, 59.8% and 41.6% in BCLC-A patients, 76.2%, 9.5% and 0% in BCLC-B patients and 44.9%, 0% and 0% in BCLC-C patients, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year DFS rates were 49%, 24.5% and 9.1% in BCLC-A patients, 7.5%, 0% and 0% in BCLC-B patients, respectively. No BCLC-C patients survived 1 year after surgery. Multivariate analysis indicated that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), vascular invasion, intra-hepatic metastasis, curative resection, tumor rupture and pathologic differentiation were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Surgery is effective and safe for patients with HCC >10 cm with sufficient hepatic reserve.

Changes in Volatile Aroma Compounds of Traditional Chinese-type Soy Sauce During Moromi Fermentation and Heat Treatment

Xian-Li Gao,Chun Cui,Hai-Feng Zhao,Mou-Ming Zhao,Lan Yang,Jiao-Yan Ren 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Considering the important influence of longtime (150 day) moromi fermentation and heat treatment on the aroma formation of traditional Chinese-type soy sauce (TCSS), volatile compounds in samples taken from different stages of moromi fermentation and heat treatment were analyzed by solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that a total of 76 volatile compounds were identified in all the samples, and most of the volatile compounds were common. During 150 day of moromi fermentation, relative contents of acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, esters,and furan(one)s along with all the sensory attributes of acidic, alcoholic, fruity, caramel-like, smoky, and malty changed greatly. Notably, relative contents of alcohols,aldehydes and ketones along with the sensory intensities of alcoholic, caramel-like, and smoky of heated sample (80℃/60 min) decreased markedly, whereas there were slight increases in relative contents of furan(one)s, phenols,and sulfur-containing compounds of it. Long-time moromi fermentation and heat treatment have significant influence on the formation and relative contents of volatile compounds in TCSS, whereas changes in volatile compounds and their relative contents of the samples were responsible for the differences in sensory attributes.

Ultrasonic-assisted Solution-Phase Synthesis and Property Studies of Hierarchical Layer-by-Layer Mesoporous CeO2

Pu Su Zhao,Xiu Mei Gao,Feng Xia Zhu,Xin Ming Hu,Lili Zhang 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.3

Hierarchical layer-by-layer quadrangle CeO2 was prepared through ultrasonic-assisted solution-phase synthesis strategy using cerium oxalate as the precursor. The as-prepared mesoporous CeO2 displayed a surface area of 98.7 m2 g−1 and pore diameters of 2.0–10.0 nm. The high-resolution TEM image revealed that the layer structures of the CeO2 were made of numerous nanocrystal particles with the crystallite size of about 13–15 nm. High energy and cavitation of ultrasonic wave assists cerium oxalate precursor in building the layer-by-layer quadrangle staking. UV–vis absorption spectrum showed that the direct allowed transition bandgap energy for the as-prepared CeO2 was 2.91 eV. Moreover, the CeO2 exhibited good photocatalytic property for degrading Rhodamine B solution under UV radiation.

Comparative Study on Volatile Flavor Compounds of Traditional Chinese-type Soy Sauces Prepared with Soybean and Defatted Soy Meal

Xian-Li Gao,Hai-Feng Zhao,Mou-Ming Zhao,Chun Cui,Jiao-Yan Ren 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.6

Volatile extracts obtained from traditional Chinese-type soy sauces prepared with soybean (SSSB) and defatted soy meal (SSDSM) by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and direct solvent extraction (DSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile flavor compounds and relative contents of different chemical classes detected in SSSB and SSDSM were compared for their differences. Results showed that significant differences in both constituents of volatile flavor compounds and relative contents of different chemical classes were observed for both kinds of soy sauces. A total of 152 and 131 compounds were identified in SSSB and SSDSM, respectively, and 102 volatile flavor compounds were common in both kinds of soy sauces. Moreover, relative contents of acids, aldehydes, esters, furan(one)s, miscellaneous compounds, phenols, pyrazines, pyrrol(idinon)es, and sulfur-containing compounds in both kinds of soy sauces were all significantly different.

A Cross-national Analysis of Global Corporate Web Sites: A Holistic Approach

Hong-Yan Zhao,Jong-Wook Kwon,Ming-Wen Gao 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine the content of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) web sites from a holistic viewpoint. Specifically, seven types of content, including communication, general information, marketing information, employment information, financial information, service, and social issues, were analyzed to compare eleven cultural clusters: Anglo, Arab, Nordic, Germanic, Latin American, Near Eastern, Latin European, Eastern European, African, Far Eastern, and Confucian. Overall, some content types, including communication, general, marketing and social issues, showed significant differences across cultural clusters, while there were no differences in employment information, financial information and service across cultural clusters. We also calculated standardization scores to determine the degree to which MNCs standardized content. Marketing information had the highest standardization scores, followed by financial information, service, employment information, general informaion, social issues and communication, while communication and social issues had relatively low standardization scores. The results of this study indicate some similarities and dissimilarities across the clusters regarding standardization levels. Some clusters, including Arab, Latin America, East Europe, Latin Europe, Nordic, Germanic and African, showed greater similarities than did Confucian, Far East and Near East. In particular, some cultural clusters, such as Confucian, Far East and Near East, showed unique patterns of standardization.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness, Acceptability, and Decision-Making Factors among Chinese College Students

Wang, Shao-Ming,Zhang, Shao-Kai,Pan, Xiong-Fei,Ren, Ze-Fang,Yang, Chun-Xia,Wang, Zeng-Zhen,Gao, Xiao-Hong,Li, Man,Zheng, Quan-Qing,Ma, Wei,Zhao, Fang-Hui,Qiao, You-Lin,Sivasubramaniam, Priya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.7

Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.