http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Strong Secular Trend in Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from 1996 to 2003 among South Korean Men
Lee, Duk-Hee,Ha, Myung-Hwa,Kam, Sin,Chun, Byungyeol,Lee, Jangkyu,Song, Kyungeun,Boo, Yongchool,Steffen, Lyn,Jacobs Jr., David R. Oxford University Press 2006 American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.163 No.1
<P>Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration, within its normal range, has recently been proposed as a reliable marker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central pathogenic role in many metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases, incidences of which have recently increased in South Korea. Since serum GGT has strong associations with these diseases and their risk factors, the authors hypothesized a corresponding secular trend of increasing serum GGT levels in South Korea. Study subjects were 8,072 male workers at a large steel company who were aged 24–44 years at baseline and had received annual physical examinations from 1996 to 2003. The secular trend was a 0.1066-units/liter increase in ln(GGT) level per calendar year (a 180% increase during the 7-year follow-up period) (<I>p</I> < 0.01). Adjustment for body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, and cholesterol level as time-dependent covariates did not change the results. Although cholesterol is commonly used as a marker of epidemiologic transition, there was a less dramatic secular trend in ln(serum cholesterol) level, and it disappeared after adjustment for the secular trend in serum GGT. These findings suggest that serum GGT concentration can be used as a sensitive marker of epidemiologic transition, and they portend a continuing rise in incidences of metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases in this population in the coming years.</P>
( Geum Joon Cho ),( Lyn Hwa Lee ),( Bona Lee ),( Jaeeun Lee ),( Ki-Hoon Ahn ),( Soon-Cheol Hong ),( Hai-Joong Kim ),( Min-Jeong Oh ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.61 No.1
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estradiol on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and the differentiation of trophoblasts in human first trimester villous explant cultures. Methods Villous explant cultures were established from first trimester human placentas (6-8 weeks of gestation, n=3). Normal villous tissues were explanted on Matrigel and incubated under 3% O<sub>2</sub> tension for 5 days. To evaluate the effects of estradiol on the villous explant cultures, 1 ng/mL of estradiol was added to the culture medium. The morphological integrities and viabilities of the villous explants were monitored. Immunohistochemistry for α5 and α1 integrin was performed to assess differentiation of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Expression of HIF-1α in villous explant cultures was evaluated by western blotting and densitometry. Results EVTs emerging from first trimester villous explant cultures formed outgrowths of cells from the distal ends and invaded the surrounding Matrigel. Exposure of villous explants to estradiol resulted in the decreased outgrowth of cells from the distal end and decreased expression of α5 integrin. However, estradiol treatment increased the invasion of villous explants into the surrounding Matrigel, concomitant with the increased expression of α1 integrin, indicating differentiation of EVTs into more invasive EVTs. On western blots, the expression of HIF-1α decreased significantly after treatment with estradiol under 3% O<sub>2</sub> tension. Conclusion Our findings suggest that estradiol may downregulate expression of HIF-1α in placenta, which in turn promote trophoblast differentiation into invasive phenotype.