Modulation of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism by Exercise in Rats

Kim,Hyun Sook(김현숙),Johnson,Wayne A. 韓國營養學會 1994 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.27 No.9

Identifying the major intermediate species by combining time-resolved X-ray solution scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Kim, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Jeongho,Oang, Key Young,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Grolimund, Daniel,Milne, Christopher J.,Penfold, Thomas J.,Johnson, Steven L.,Galler, Andreas,Kim, Tae Wu,Kim, Jong Goo,Suh, Deokbeom,Moon, J The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.36

<P>Identifying the intermediate species along a reaction pathway is a first step towards a complete understanding of the reaction mechanism, but often this task is not trivial. There has been a strong on-going debate: which of the three intermediates, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB> radical, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer, and the CHI<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> ion, is the dominant intermediate species formed in the photolysis of iodoform (CHI<SUB>3</SUB>)? Herein, by combining time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS), we present strong evidence that the CHI<SUB>2</SUB> radical is dominantly formed from the photolysis of CHI<SUB>3</SUB> in methanol at 267 nm within the available time resolution of the techniques (∼20 ps for TRXL and ∼100 ps for TR-XAS). The TRXL measurement, conducted using the time-slicing scheme, detected no CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer within our signal-to-noise ratio, indicating that, if formed, the CHI<SUB>2</SUB>–I isomer must be a minor intermediate. The TR-XAS transient spectra measured at the iodine L<SUB>1</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> edges support the same conclusion. The present work demonstrates that the application of these two complementary time-resolved X-ray methods to the same system can provide a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We identify a major transient species formed in the photolysis of CHI<SUB>3</SUB> by combining time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp03686k'> </P>

INSIGHTS INTO RETAIL THERAPY SHOPPERS: EXPERIENCES SOUGHT, BEHAVIORAL SETTING, AND TIES TO SHOPPING ADDICTION

Jennifer Yurchisin,Kim K. P. Johnson,Haesung Whang,Kittichai Watchravesringkan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Retail therapy occurs when consumers shop to improve negative feelings rather than merely acquire a needed product (Kang & Johnson, 2011). Retailers in all channels enable consumers to have positive emotional responses by providing them with positive experiences. Pine and Gilmore (1999) identified four types of experiences sought by consumers: entertainment, education, escapism, and esthetics (i.e., 4Es). It is not known which, if any, of the 4Es motivate offline and online retail therapy shopping trips. Retail therapy shoppers may seek different benefits in open, online stores (where they have a great deal of freedom) versus closed, brick-and-mortar stores (where they are limited by time and space) (Bhate & Hannam, 2014). When retail therapy shoppers have experiences they desire, they should experience positive emotional reactions (i.e., pleasure, arousal) (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982). Furthermore, consumers who experience positive emotional reactions tend to display impulse buying behavior (Chang, Eckman, & Yan, 2011). Engaging in impulse buying while retail therapy shopping may encourage compulsive buying behavior (Kang & Johnson, 2011), the most severe form of which is shopping addiction (Edwards, 1993). Based on this collection of previous research, the following hypotheses were developed: H1: Among retail therapy shoppers, the amount of a) entertainment b) education, c) escapism, and d) esthetics sought will be significantly different between 1) offline stores and 2) online stores. H2: Retail therapy behavior will be positively related to level of a) pleasure and b) arousal experienced while shopping. H3a: Level of pleasure experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H3b. Level of arousal experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H4: Among retail therapy shoppers, impulse buying behavior will be positively related to shopping addiction behavior.Method Using Amazon’s MTurk, 409 consumers (62.6% female; 72.0% Caucasian; 36.5% 30-39 years old) were recruited for an online survey. Participants were first asked to indicate if they had experience shopping for clothing to improve their mood. Clothing was selected as the focus of the study because it is a gender-neutral product frequently purchased during retail therapy (Atalay & Meloy, 2011). Only participants who had engaged in retail therapy behavior were asked to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The next five sections of the questionnaire contained multi-item, 7-point, Likert-type scales previously used to assess the variables in the study. Demographic information was also collected. Results To test H1, a series of t-tests was conducted to compare the benefits sought by retail therapy shoppers in open and closed settings. The means for each of the 4 Es were significantly greater for the closed setting of the store than the open setting of the website. Therefore, H1 was supported. Two regression models were created to test H2a and b. The coefficients for retail therapy were positively and significantly related to pleasure (β = .87; t = 35.70; p < 0.000) and arousal (β = .85; t = 32.52; p < 0.00). Thus, H2a and b were both supported. To examine H3a and b, another regression model was created. The coefficients for pleasure (β = .25; t = 4.51; p < 0.00) and arousal (β = .64; t = 11.69; p < 0.00) were positive and significant. Thus, H3a and H3b were both supported. Lastly, to test H4, a final regression model was created. The coefficient for impulse buying behavior (β = .93; t = 51.49; p < 0.00) was positive and significant, supporting H4. Discussion The results of the present study shed light on retail therapy shopping behavior. Consumers do seek the 4Es when therapeutically shopping for clothing, and they seek the 4Es to a greater degree in closed, offline environments. Perhaps the need to delay gratification in offline stores raises expectations of experiences that can be received immediately in online stores. Participants experienced pleasure and arousal when engaging in retail therapy behavior, thereby supporting researchers (Kang & Johnson, 2011) who conceptualized retail therapy behavior as mood-alleviative consumption behavior. The positive emotions experienced while clothing shopping were related to retail therapy shoppers’ impulse buying behavior, which was positively related to shopping addiction. The success experienced by individuals who engage in shopping behavior to improve their mood seems to encourage future shopping trips to enhance positive emotions. Thus, a troubling pattern of overconsumption may develop if retail therapy shoppers do not find additional methods for mood-alleviation.

프레스티지 브랜드에 대해 소비자가 인지하는 럭셔리함의 정도와 이에 영향을 미치는 마케팅 활동 연구

김지은 ( Jieun Kim ),( Kim K Johnson ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2016 유라시아연구 Vol.13 No.3

Consumers` belief about how luxurious a specific prestige brand is, influences consumer`s behaviors. To manage the perceived luxuriousness of a brand, marketers of a prestige brand may adopt a variety of marketing actions such as advertising, managing their store environment, conducting promotions, and so forth. In order to build efficient and effective marketing programs, a prestige brand company needs to know how their marketing programs contribute to consumer`s perceptions of their brand. Therefore, our first research question is: How do the marketing programs of existing prestige brands affect consumer`s perceptions of the luxuriousness of the brand? In addition, understanding consumer`s behavior is essential for marketers to make strategic and tactical decisions about specific marketing actions. Considering that there are two luxury consumer groups (i.e., the elitists vs. the democratics) who show a different attitude toward a luxury good, a question as to whether applying the same marketing strategies to shape perceptions of the luxuriousness of a brand is effective across these two consumer groups was raised. This reasoning led to the second research question; do both groups respond similarly to a marketing program or does the program have to be customized for each group? In order to investigate the research problems, we adopted the modified BLI scale (Kim & Johnson, 2015) to measure the perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand and a scale to measure consumer perceptions of the five marketing mix elements(i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, advertising expenditures, and price promotions) developed by Yoo et al.(2000). The modified BLI scale has five dimensions (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). Online survey was conducted in USA to collect data. 253 responses were used in analysis. MANOVA was conducted to assess if perception about each marketing mix element influenced components of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, and tradition). And ANOVA was used to investigate whether the influence of price, distribution intensity, and price promotions on overall perceived luxuriousness would be moderated by consumers`` attitude toward luxury (i.e., elitist, democratic). As a result, four marketing mix elements (i.e., price, store image, distribution intensity, and frequency of price promotion) influenced perceived luxuriousness. Only advertising expenditure did not have significant effect on perceived luxuriousness. More specifically, price and distribution intensity influenced all the dimensions of perceived luxuriousness (i.e., consumers` perception about quality, extended-self, hedonism, accessibility, tradition). In addition, the findings regarding the role of attitudes toward luxury indicated that there are at least two types of consumer groups within luxury market who view luxury brands differently. The impact of the marketing mix elements on perceived luxuriousness of a prestige brand was different for these two groups. The elitists seem to consider high price as a very important attribute of a prestige brand thus they are highly influenced by price when evaluating the luxuriousness of a prestige brand in contrast to the democratic luxury consumer. This result is consistent with researchers (Dubois et al., 2005) who demonstrated there were two different attitudes toward luxury. Dubois and his colleagues (2005) showed that the elitists agreed with the idea that luxury is inevitable expensive while the democratics did not agree. However, frequent offers of price promotions eroded the degree of luxuriousness for both the elitists and the democratics. The reason why both groups may have had the same attitude toward price promotionnegative effect on perceived luxuriousness.may be because price promotions suggest unstable quality (Winter, 1991). In addition, both groups revealed a similar impact of distribution intensity on luxuriousness. They both indicated a high degree of the perceived luxuriousness with low levels of distribution intensity. This result may be because prestige brands that are generally regarded as very luxurious have very limited distribution in the real world.

Variables Discriminating Among Rural Online Shoppers and Nonshoppers of Apparel and Home Furnishing Products

( Kim K. P. Johnson ),( Sharron J. Lennon ),( Jeong Ju Yoo ),( Cynthia Jasper ),( Mary Lynn Damhorst ) 한국의류산업학회 2005 Clothing Research Journal Vol.3 No.2

Activation of Barley S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase1 Gene Promoter in Response to Phytohormones and Abiotic Stresses

Kim, Jae-Yoon,Kim, Dae-Yeon,Jung, Je-Hyeong,Hong, Min-Jeong,Heo, Hwa-Young,Johnson, Jerry W.,Kim, Tae-Ho,Seo, Yong-Weon The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1

Barley S-adenosylmethionine synthetase1 gene, which was differentially expressed in seed development of extra early barley, was regulated by the phytohormones and abiotic stresses. In order to identify the regulation regions which were involved in transcriptional control of the phytohormones and abiotic stresses, we isolated 1459 bp fragment of HvSAMS1 gene promoter using genome walking strategy and deletion series were constructed. Deleted upstream fragments(-1459, -1223, -999, -766, -545, -301 bp) were fused to the GUS reporter gene and evaluated via Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay. Increased GUS activity of HvSMAS1 promoter -301/GUS construct under each of NaCl, $GA_3$, ABA and ethylene application was found. However, GUS activity was negligible in the leaves transformed with the HvSMAS1 promoter(-1459, -1223, -999, -766 and -545)/GUS constructs. No significant induction of GUS activity was observed for the ethionine and spermidine treatments. In order to locate promoter sequence of the HvSAMS1 gene that was critical for the activation of gene expression, deletion and addition promoter derivatives(+, includes 43 bp of 5' ORF) of the HvSAMS1 gene fused to the GUS reporter gene were applied. The tobacco leaves which harbored the additional HvSAMS1 promoter(-1459+, -1459 to -546, -545+ and -301+)/GUS construct did not significantly induce GUS activity as compared to the HvSAMS1 promoter(-1459, -545 and -301)/GUS constructs under each of NaCl, ABA and $GA_3$ treatment. However, the GUS activity was high in the tobacco leaves which harboring the -211 to -141 regions of the HvSAMS1 promoter. This result suggested that HvSAMS1 gene expression might be regulated by this region(from -211 to -141).

Clothing Consumption and Teen Identity

Kim K. P. Johnson 한국복식학회 2004 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.4 No.2

Effects of Dietary Zilpaterol Hydrochloride on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Compositions of Hanwoo Bulls

Kim, Jong Kyoo,Chung, Ki Yong,Kim, Hyeong Cheol,Lee, Eun Mi,Chang, Sun Sik,Kwon, Eung Gi,Johnson, Bradley J.,Gotoh, Takafumi FACULTY OF AGRIC PUBLICATIONS-KYUSHU UNIV 2016 Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu Univ Vol. No.

<P>This study was conducted to determine the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo bulls. Twenty Hanwoo bulls (653 +/- 22.1) were randomly assigned by body weight (BW) to determine the effects of feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (Ten bulls with 8.3 mg/kg ZH and ten bulls without ZH) on the ultrasound measurement, carcass traits, and serum compositions. Treatments comprised diets with and without ZH supplemented for 20 days prior to harvest with three days withdrawal period. Treatment of ZH led to an increase either in the final BW or average daily gain (ADG) in Hanwoo bulls (P<0.05). There was no treatment effect on the back fat thickness, ribeye area, and marbling score (P>0.05). ZH treatment tended to increase at dressing percentage (P=0.068). There was a high positive correlation (R-2=0.9226) at treatment but relatively low positive correlation (R-2=0.7156) at control between ultrasound longissimus muscle area and ribeye area. The treatment of ZH affects the serum triglyceride and non esterified fatty acid (P<0.05). Moreover, we demonstrated that the treatment of ZH did not have a negative effect on the serum level of GOT or GPT of Hanwoo bulls. We concluded that the treatment of ZH has little impact on the carcass trait of Hanwoo bulls regardless of the positive effect on BW and ADG. However, dietary ZH increased lipid related serum metabolites of Hanwoo bulls at 14th day.</P>

Factors underlying frequently cited journal articles: A retrospective commentary

Kim K. P. Johnson 한국마케팅과학회 2019 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.10 No.2

Citation counts can be used as an indicator of research quality. The question addressed herein was can we identify any variables that are associated with or could even be used to foretell whether a manuscript will become well cited or be a high impact journal article? To answer this question, a review was conducted of papers that cited a published article that, according to Google Scholar, had been cited 23 times. Ten of these articles, written in English, were located using available library resources (e.g. library subscriptions, interlibrary loan). Upon reviewing these articles and noting how the targeted article had been used within each, three categories emerged that likely exerted some influence on whether the paper was cited. These categories were labeled paper attributes, journal attributes, and author attributes. These attributes are discussed and suggestions are provided for increasing citation counts.

Dynamic Analysis and Structural Optimization of a Fiber Optic Sensor Using Neural Networks

Kim Yong-Yook,Kapania Rakesh K.,Johnson Eric R.,Palmer Matthew E.,Kwon Tae-Kyu,Hong Chul-Un,Kim Nam-Gyun The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.2

The objective of this work is to apply artificial neural networks for solving inverse problems in the structural optimization of a fiber optic pressure sensor. For the sensor under investigation to achieve a desired accuracy, the change in the distance between the tips of the two fibers due to the applied pressure should not interfere with the phase change due to the change in the density of the air between the two fibers. Therefore, accurate dynamic analysis and structural optimization of the sensor is essential to ensure the accuracy of the measurements provided by the sensor. To this end, a normal mode analysis and a transient response analysis of the sensor were performed by combining commercial finite element analysis package, MSC/NASTRAN, and MATLAB. Furthermore, a parametric study on the design of the sensor was performed to minimize the size of the sensor while fulfilling a number of constraints. In performing the parametric study, the need for a relationship between the design parameters and the response of the sensor was fulfilled by using a neural network. The whole process of the dynamic analysis using commercial finite element analysis package and the parameter optimization of the sensor were automated within the MATLAB environment.