Gender-related Differences in Management of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in an Asian Population

Lee, Jung Myung,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Cha, Myung-Jin,Park, Junbeom,Park, Jin-Kyu,Kang, Ki-Woon,Shim, Jaemin,Uhm, Jae-Sun,Kim, Jun,Park, Hyung Wook,Lee, Young Soo,Choi, Eue-Keun,Kim, Chang-Soo,Joung, Boyoung,K The Korean Society of Cardiology 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.6

<P><B>Background and Objectives</B></P><P>Gender-related differences in health care utilization for atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly recognized. However, large cohort data for examining gender-related differences in AF are lacking in Asian populations.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The Registry for Comparison Study of Drugs for Symptom Control and Complication Prevention of AF (CODE-AF Registry) is a prospective observational cohort-study that enrolled participants at 10 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Baseline characteristics retrieved from the CODE-AF Registry were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 6,274 patients were recruited (mean age 67±11 years, mean CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>-VASc score 2.7±1.7, 63% male, 65% paroxysmal AF) from June 2016 to April 2017. Women underwent less electric cardioversion (12.3% vs. 19.6%, p<0.001), less radiofrequency ablation (12.4% vs. 17.9%, p<0.001), and less antiarrhythmic drug therapy (44.7% vs. 49.5%, p<0.001), despite having more severe symptoms (symptom class III or IV, 45.8% vs. 37.5%, p<0.001). Among patients with a CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>-VA score of 2 or more, a slightly higher proportion of women were taking oral anticoagulants than men (85.7% vs. 81.9%, p=0.002), and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) use was more prevalent in women than men (70.4% vs. 62.3%, p<0.001). Insufficient NOAC dosing was very common, more so in women than men (61.5% vs. 56.3%, p<0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Female patients with AF were treated more conservatively and rhythm control strategies were used less frequently than in males, even though the female patients with AF had more severe symptoms. While insufficient NOAC dosing was common in both sex, it was significantly more frequent in women.</P>

사업장(事業場) 근로자(勤勞者)의 사상체질(四象體質)에 따른 생활습관(生活習慣), 자각증상(自覺症狀), 건강인식(健康認識)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

서명효,강홍구,장두섭,왕명자,차남현,김삼태,권소희,정해경,송용선,이기남,Seo Muoung-Hoy,Kang Hong-Goo,Jahng Doo-Sub,Wang Myoung-Ja,Cha Nam-Hyun,Kim Sam-Tae,Kwon So-Hee,Jung Hae-Kyoung,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2003 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of life style, subjective symptoms and health cognition depending on the Sasang Constitution in the industrial workers. The results were as follows ; Constitutional distribution among exposed group were Tae-eum In(38.4%), So-eum In(35.2%), and So-yang In(26.4%) and it was turned out that Tae-eum In took a higher portion of Sasang constitution than other constitutions in technician workers. 'Exercise' and 'Obesity' were found most in Tae-eum In, In So-eum In there were many 'Normal' weight and 'Having digestive disorders' were found most in So-eum In. There were no significant difference in the health cognition among the constitutions. The closer to 'normal' weight, the higher prevalence in 'having' concern about health condition and the more 'normal' condition in sleeping, the higher prevalence of 'having' self-confident in present health.

양수 다발성 수지 재접합수의 치험례 : 4 cases report

차진한,박명철,김우경,한근태,김수신,백세민 大韓成形外科學會 1990 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.17 No.2

Since the first successful replantation operation, several reports have been recorded replantated finger survival with high success rates. But ten and nine digits amputations are not common. It is even more unusual to have all digits suitable for replantation. 4 cases are presented where replantation of ten and nine digits were done at the department of PRS. Guro Hospital, Korea University from March 1987 to Jun 1988. In these cases, the patients were young and healthy, all of ten and nine digits were sharply amputed near the proximal phalanx, so a replantation team of 8 surgeons in alternating fashion replanted all ten and nine digits over 30 hours and each patient received 28 pints of whole blood during the procedure. Under general anesthesia, replantatin of both started simultaneously. All digits survived completely except partial necosis of right little finger in case 1. The ischemic time of each digit ranged from 4 hours and 45 minutes to 31 hours as shown in table 5. The long ischemic time did not criticaly affected the survival of amputated digit. Follow-up was from 12 months to 20 months postoperatively. The functional evaluation revealed as follows: 1. The grasping power ranged 13 lb to 65 lb(average;39.7lb) 2. The pinching power with index finger ranged 5 lb to 15 lb(average:10.2 lb) 3. The palm to pulp distance ranged 0 cm to 6 cm.(average;2.2cm) 4. The two point discrimination ranged 2.5mm to 22mm.(average;7.8mm) 5. The shape of digits were acceptable aesthetically. 6. All 4 patients were able to use both hands well in all activities of daily living.

비만증의 원인과 식이 및 운동처방 프로그램에 관한 이론적 고찰

차성웅,남태호,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

Studies on physiological cause of obesity, and research on literature about nutrition and excercise prescription programs for the problem solving have led to the following results. 1. The size and number of fat cells increase sharply during childhood, become stable passing the adolescent period and re-increase at the time of adults. In this sense, earlier diagnosis and treatment of overweight children could prevent adult fatness. 2. A conversional mechanism involving glycerol and fat acids, which is catalyzed by increasingly activated fat dissolution generates fatness and relates to the resistance of insulin and development of diabetes. 3. High calory and fat diets and their physical shapes, flavors and tastes could affect the generation of fatness. 4. DIT as lower relative to a given calory and a defective heat generation of BAT could lead to cumulative body fats. 5. Roles of appetite relate to maintaining balance DIT and consumption calory, staying a weight at a certain level. The malfunction of the lower part of thalami, however, results in hyperphagia and ultimately fatness. 6. The biological adjustment of energy consumption for weight maintenance in spite of energy intake is referred to as set-point. This is possible through diet and exercise. VLCD suppresses appetite too forcefully, and it is common to fail to decrease weight and return to initial levels. Instead, WC is applied which repeats weight decrease, restoration, weight decrease and restoration in order. The more the approach repeats, the more difficult reduction in weight is. 7. Therapies for fatness include those of diet, exercise, behavior and drugs. It is more effective to use diet and exercise therapies together. In this regard, solving the fatness problem depends on nutrition and exercise programs as very suitable for the overweighted people. 8. For a diet therapy, calory to be taken is limited 15 to 20 kcal per overweight, and combination percentages of protein, carbohydrate and fat should be respectively 20,45 and 35 percent while for an exercise therapy, aerobic types of exercise such as walking, jogging, cycling and swimming should be used in such way that they are performed 3 to 6 times a week, 15 to 20 minutes or over each time at the intensity of 60 to 80% of the highest heart rate. 9. Since such exercise programs tend not to be practiced continuously, it is required for the programs to be initially prepared with consideration of motivations and interests on the part of the programs' clients.

중국 근대사상의 전환논리 : 자연법과 변법 A Law of Nature and A Changing of the Laws 康有爲 사상을 중심으로

車泰恨 中國語文硏究會 2003 中國語文論叢 Vol.25 No.-

This article is a study on the China modern thought, especially Kang You Wei's Thought. Generally The change that is from a law of nature to an artificial law is regard as a characteristic of modern thought. The value and organization is said to be on the basis of a law of nature in the traditional thought of china, preticular, zhuzi school. In the end of 19th century, Kang You Wei didn't admit a law of nature, and insisted that the current value and regulation be consist of artificial laws. Furthermore, All values is under the influence of topography and the state of affairs. He transformed a sage' image as a moralist into a reformer. He thought that "saint-hood" was decided by His ability of knowledge not by His moral cleanness.

Orthopantomography에 依한 過剩齒와 先天性 缺捐齒의 發生頻度에 關한 考察

車文豪,金泰鎭,禹元燮 大韓小兒齒科學會 1975 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

We observed the orthopantomography taken by 800 children who came to our pedodontic department, School of Dntistry, S.N.U. and also got the incidence of supernumerary and congenital missing teeth as follows. ① The children who had supernumerary or congenital missing teeth were 9.75% of all. ② In incidence of supernumerary teeth, male was 0.50% higher than female ③ Incidence of conginital missing teeth was 7.0% and male was 1.0% higher than female. ④ Incidence of congeintal missing teeth was mainly arised from mandible.

방법으로서의 중국 : 중국인의 관점'에서 옥시덴탈리즘까지 from China Centered Approach to Occidentalism

車泰根 중국어문연구회 2001 中國語文論叢 Vol.20 No.-

In recent years, many scholars of sinology have concerned with the methodology of sinology, They all have the similar tendencies, that is, they criticized the chinese studies of the west published before 1970's because of westcentrism or ethnocentrism, They insisted forwardly that one observe China through inner eye, and suggested a kind of new approach, such as China centered approach. Paul A. Cohen classified some tendencies towards the previous Chinese studies into three kinds of models: impact-response model, tradition-modernity model and imperialism model. These models were based on West centered monistic view of history. On the contrary, Cohen, Mizoguchi Y□, Lydia H. Liu, Xiaomei Chen, David L. Hall and Roger T. Ames, who this essay deal with, not only show a pluralistic view of history and cross-cultural approaches to Chinese studies, but also argue that one should study china from inner view(or with empathetic method), within the context of chinese history. This review will analyze the following scholars' magnum opus around the methodology of sinology: Paul A. Cohen, Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984; Mizoguchi Yu­zo­, China as a method, Tokyo: Tokyo University, Press, 1989; Lydia H. Liu. Translingual Practice: Literature, National Culture, and Translated Modernity - China,1900-1937. California: Stanford University Press, 1995. and Interlinguistic Writing, Shanghai: Shanghai sanlian shudian, 1999; Xiaomei Chen. Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. David L. Hall, and Roger T. Ames, Thinking through Confucius, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987. and Thinking from the Han: Self, Truth, and Transcendence in Chinese and Western culture, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.

교정용 미니스크류의 디자인에 따른 식립 및 제거 토오크

차정열,윤태민,황충주 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.1

교정용 미니스크류의 원추 형태가 식립 후 시기별 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해, 시기별 제거 토오크 및 동요도와 조직시편분석을 시행하였다. 성견 6마리의 하악 협측골에 원통형과 원추형 교정용 미니스크류(Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea) 48개를 식립하고, 식립 시 식립 토오크와 동요도를 측정하고 3주, 12주 동안 교정력을 부여한 후, 제거 시 제거 토오크와 동요도를 측정하였다. 식립 토오크는 원통형 미니스크류에서 13.6 Ncm, 원추형 미니스크류에서 22.3 Ncm로 원추형 미니스크류에서 높은 식립 토오크가 측정되었다 (P < 0.001). 식립 3주째 제거 토오크는 원통형 미니스크류에서 5.7 Ncm, 원추형 미니스크류에서 9.1 Ncm로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(P < 0.05). 식립 12주째 원추형 미니스크류의 제거 토오크는 3.6 Ncm로 유의하게 감소하여(P < 0.05) 원통형 미니스크류의 4.2 Ncm와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미니스크류의 원추 구조는 식립 토오크를 유의하게 증가시켜 식립 후 3주간 안정성에 도움이 되었으나, 12주 후 안정성에 있어서는 원통형 미니스크류와 유사하였음을 시사한다. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the primary and secondary stability characteristics of orthodontic mini-screws of tapered design when compared with the cylinder mini-screw. Methods: A total of 48 mini-screws were placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the mandible in 6 male beagle dogs. Comparison was made between tapered and cylinder type mini-screws (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea). Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a torque sensor (Mark-10, MGT50, USA) during installation, and maximum removal torque (MRT) was recorded after 3 and 12 weeks of loading. Results: Taper mini-screws showed a higher MIT value of 22.3 Ncm compared with cylinder mini-screw showing 13.6 Ncm (P < 0.001). The MRT of the taper mini-screw showed a significantly higher value of 9.1 Ncm than those of cylinder mini-screw of 5.7 Ncm at 3-weeks after installation (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the MRT value between the taper and cylinder mini-screws at 12 weeks of loading. Conclusions: These results showed that the high insertion torque of the taper mini-screw design increases initial stability until 3 weeks of loading, but does not have any effect on the secondary stability at 12 weeks of loading.

강우렁이 (Sinotia quadrata)의 營養學的 硏究 : 아미노산, 지방산, 무기물의 조성에 관하여 On the Composition of Amino Acids, Fatty Acids & Minerals

車連水,李泰圭,梁熙天 又石大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This experiment was attempted to studies on nutrition value of pond snail. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The proximate composition of pond snail was shown to be crude protein 60,84%, Crude vat 7.89%, CRUDE ASH 14,26% and total sugar 17.89%, respectively. 2. Glu. Asp. Leu. and Phe. were dominant amino acid in pond snail, having 16.77%, 8.6%, 7.99% and 7.19% of total free amino and content respectively. The content of essential amino acid were Ileu. 217.9mg, Leu467.3 mg, Lys. 393.4 mg, Phe. 421.1 mg, Thr. 269.0 mg and Val. 251.1 mg, respectively. 3. The predominant fatty acids were Stearic 30.97%, Palmitic 28.49%, Linolenic 15% and Linaleic 8.12%, Respectively and the P/S Ratio was 0.54. 4. The content of minerals in pond snail were K 1050 mg, Na 106 mg, Ca 1202 mg, Mg 43.3 mg, Cu 10.5 mg, Fe 8 mg and Zn 0.9 mg, respectively.

음성분석에 입각한 자동코드화 방식의 신경외과계 환자관리 시스템

차은종,김영규,이태수,채수일,김동호,이무섭 충복대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1994 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.4 No.1

신경외과계 입원환자의 퇴원요약기록을 전산관리하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 주기억장치 4MB와 보조기억장치 120MB HDD를 장착한 PC-386DX시스템을 기반으로 개발하였고 소프트웨어로는 FoxPro V2.0을 사용하였다. 퇴원 요약기록의 관리시 중요한 항목인 진단명은 통상 사용하는 진단명 그 자체를 입력한 후 해당코드를 자동으로 색출해내는 자동코드화 방식을 사용하였다. 그러나 오류 코드가 발생하기 쉬운 패턴분류 방식을 지양하고 입력오류 발생시 입력진단명을 음성분석하여 음원이 동일한 유사코드를 찾는 음성분석 방식을 취하였다. 두개이상의 유사코드중 사용자가 정확한 코드를 선택하도록 하여 오류코드를 방지하였다. 논리연산조건식을 사용한 검색을 실현함으로써 다양하고 융통성있는 검색기능을 보장하였고 편리한 자료관리 방식이 가능하여 비전문가라 할지라도 손쉽고 편리하게 사용할 수 있었다. 신경외과계 입원환자를 대상으로 사용한 결과 그 실용성을 입증할 수 있었다. A discharge summary data management system was developed for neurosurgical patients. The system, written in FoxPro V2.0, ran on a PC-386DX system equipped with 4MB main memory and 120MB HDD. Automated coding was implemented by comparing the input diagnosis onto the description of the possible code list. However, any alphabet pattern classification techniques were prevented, instead sound analysis was performed on each word of the input diagnosis using the internal sound function of FoxPro software. On an input typing error, the diagnosis codes of similar sound characteristics were presented on screen so that the user selects the accurate diagnosis. This eliminated coding error inevitable for any pattern classification techniques. Data search function of the present system was very powerful and flexible, since the system performs the data search based on the user defined logical equation. In addition, the database management was easy for any inexperienced users to apply, minimizing accidental data loss. The system was tested in the neurosurgery ward and evaluated to be practical and useful.