Dietary Exposure to Transgenic Rice Expressing the Spider Silk Protein Fibroin Reduces Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Mice: The Potential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Phosphorylation in Adipocytes

박지은,정연재,박준범,김혜영,유영현,이광식,양원태,김도훈,김종민 한국발생생물학회 2019 발생과 생식 Vol.23 No.3

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). T2DM is correlated with obesity and most T2DM medications have been developed for enhancing insulin sensitivity. Silk protein fibroin (SPF) from spiders has been suggested as an attractive biomaterial for medical purposes. We generated transgenic rice (TR) expressing SPF and fed it to diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice to monitor the changes in blood glucose levels and adipose tissue proteins associated with energy metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, the adipocyte size in abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice was remarkably smaller than that of the control. Whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated protein kinase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein levels were increased in abdominal adipose tissues after TR-SPF feeding, levels of six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) proteins decreased. Phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine 172 and IRS1 at serine 307 and tyrosine 632 were both increased in adipose tissues from TR-SPFfed mice. Increased expression and phosphorylation of IRS1 at both serine 307 and tyrosine 632 in adipose tissues indicated that adipocytes obtained from abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice were more susceptible to insulin signaling than that of the control. STAMP2 protein levels decreased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice, indicating that STAMP2 proteins were reducing adipocytes that were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, this study showed that TR-SPF was effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and that concurrent lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes was associated with alterations of AMPK, IRS1, and STAMP2. Increased IRS1 expression and its phosphorylation by TR-SFP were considered to be particularly important in the induction of lipolysis in adipocytes, as well as in reducing blood glucose levels in this animal model.

전신성 홍반성 낭창의 임상적 고찰

신영태,김종학,장윤경,양종오,구영선,강민규,황평주,나기량,이강욱,서광선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, symptoms and signs laboratory findings, kidney pathology, and clinicopathologic correlation of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) were analyzed. The 63 patients studied were managed at the Department of Internal medicine, CNUH, from January 1983 to December 1997. Kidney biopsy was performed in 53 patients out of 63 patients with SLE. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:26. They were 12 to 71 years old and mean age was 32.1 years old. The peak age incidence was 4th decades(30%). 2. The most frequent chief complaint on admission was generalized edema. Most patients complain two or more symptoms. 3. Immunologic and renal disorders were the most frequently observed in the ARA criteria of SLE. And the positive ANA, hematologic disorder, malar rash, and arthritis, were observed in order of frequency. 4. Among the 53 patients with renal biopsy, 30 patients revealed class Ⅳ lupus nephritis(56%), class II in 12 patients(23%), class V in 8 patients(15%) and class III in 2 patients(6%). 5. The cases of lupus nephritis represented as nephrotic syndrome were high in the class IV with 68% and class V with 86%. 6. Of 30 patients who can be followed up, 5 patients resulted in death(17 % of mortality). They "were 14 to 57 years old and mean age was 28 years old. Follow up duration were from 1 month to 6 years and 3 months, and mean duration was 1 year and 1 month, but 3 cases 7. The causes of death were as follows: Two cases were due to seizure and coma resulted from CNS involvement. One was sepsis due to miliary the & pneumonia. One was dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure due to cardiac ac involvement. And the other one was sepsis and acute renal failure resulted from cellulitis. 8. Prednisolone was used in all patients basically, and methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, antimalarials and alkylating agents were used in some cases. In the cases of combined therapy, the activity of SLE was well controlled.

Counter anion effects in anion exchange membrane-fabricated non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery

Son, Pyeong Soo,Oh, Min-Seok,Ye, Jun-Hee,Choi, Seong-Ho The Korean Society of Analytical Science 2015 분석과학 Vol.28 No.5

In order to understand the counter anionic effects in a non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), we synthesized four types of electrolyte salts (1-ethyltriethamine tertafluoroborate, [E-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻, 1-ethyltriethamine hexafluorophosphate, [E-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻, 1-butyltriethylamine tertafluoroborate, [B-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻, and 1-buthyltriethamine hexafluorophosphate [B-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻) by counter anion exchange reaction after the SN₂ reaction. We confirmed the successful synthesis of the electrolyte salts [E-TEDA]⁺[Br]⁻ and [B-TEDA]⁺[Br]⁻ via ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and GC-mass analysis before the counter anion exchange reaction. The electric potential of the vanadium acetylacetonate, V(acac)₃, as an energy storage chemical was shown to be 2.2 V in the acetonitrile solvent with each of the [E-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻, [E-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻, [B-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻, and [B-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻ electrolyte salts. In a non-aqueous VRFB with a commercial Neosepta AFN membrane, the maximum voltages reached 1.0 V and 1.5 V under a fixed current value of 0.1 mA in acetonitrile with the [E-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻ and [E-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻ electrolyte salts, respectively. The maximum voltage was 0.8 V and 1.1 V under a fixed current value of 0.1 mA in acetonitrile with the [B-TEDA]⁺[BF₄]⁻ and [B-TEDA]⁺[PF₆]⁻ electrolyte salts, respectively. From these results, we concluded that in the non-aqueous VRFB more of the [PF₆]⁻ counter anion than the [BF₄]⁻ counter anion was transported onto the commercial Neosepta AFN anion exchange membrane.

Counter anion effects in anion exchange membrane-fabricated non-aqueous vanadium redox flow battery

Pyeong Soo Son,Min-Seok Oh,Jun-Hee Ye,Seong-Ho Choi 한국분석과학회 2015 분석과학 Vol.28 No.5

위치 공간말의 문법화 연구

손평효(Son Pyeong-Hyo) 우리말학회 2019 우리말연구 Vol.57 No.-

위치 공간말은 문법화 과정을 겪는 경우가 많다. ‘뒤, 위, 밖, 겉, 데’ 등은 접사와 조사, 어미 등의 문법소로 변화한다. ‘뒤-, 웃-, 밭-, 겉-’ 따위는 본디 자립명사로 쓰이다가 명사, 혹은 동사 어근의 앞에 분포하는 접사이다. 조사 ‘밖에’는 본디 자립명사 ‘밖’에 조사 ‘에’가 융합된 것이고, 어미로 처리되는 ‘-는데’와 ‘-ㄹ밖에’는 본디 ‘-는#데’와 ‘-ㄹ#밖에’의 통사적 구성이었던 것이 형태적 구성으로 자리한다. 문법화의 시기에서 접사 ‘뒤-, 웃-, 겉-’ 따위는 중세국어에, ‘밭-’은 19세기에 문법화한 것으로 보인다. 그리고 연결어미 ‘-는데’는 중세국어, 조사 ‘밖에’는 근대국어, 종결어미 ‘-ㄹ밖에’는 현대국어의 시기에 문법화한 것으로 보인다. ‘뒤, 위, 밖’ 따위는 구체적인 장소 지칭의 것에서 시간의미와 추상의미를 거쳐 문법소에 이르고, ‘겉, 바깥’ 따위는 시간의미를 거치지 않고 문법소에 이르는 것으로 보인다. 이들 위치 공간말의 문법화 과정에는 각각 은유와 재분석, 유추, 융합의 기제가 개입되고 있다. Location space-words often undergo a grammaticalization process. ‘뒤, 위, 밖, 겉, 데’ change to grammatical forms such as affix, postposition, and ending. ‘뒤-, 웃-, 밭-, 겉-’ are originally used as nouns, but are nouns or affixes in front of the verb root. Postposition ‘밖에’ is originally a fusion of noun ‘밖’ and ‘에’, the ending ‘-는데’ and ‘-ㄹ밖에’ originally change from a syntactical configuration to a morphological configuration, which is ‘-는#데’ and ‘-ㄹ#밖에’. In the period of grammaticalization, the prefixes ‘뒤-, 웃-, 겉-’ seem to be in the middle ages and ‘밭-’ in the nineteenth century. And it seems that the connective endings ‘-는데’ is grammaticalized in the Middle-Korean language, postposition ‘밖에’ is the Recently-Korean language, and the final ending ‘ㄹ밖에’ is the modern-Korean language. ‘뒤, 위, 밖’ are from the concrete place designation to the grammatical element through the time-meaning and the abstract-meaning, and the ‘겉, 바깥’ and so on are seen to go to the grammatical point without going through the time-meaning. The process of grammaticalization of these location space-words involves metaphor, reanalysis, analogy, and fusion mechanism.

Inhibitory effect of tianeptine on catagen induction in ultrasonic wave stress-induced alopecia areata-like lesions of mice

( In Pyeong Son ),( Hyeong Mi Kim ),( Yunyoung Lim ),( Kapsok Li ),( Beom Joon Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.64 No.3

Acquired dermal melanocytosis occurring on the scalp

( In Pyeong Son ),( Moo Yeol Hyun ),( In Young Oh ),( Mi Kyung Park ),( Kui Young Park ),( Kap Sok Li ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeung Nam Kim ),( Chang Kwun Hong ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.64 No.1

e-Poster : Effects of alcohol on the skin physiology (초)

( In Pyeong Son ),( Woo Sun Jang ),( Ju Hee Park ),( Hye In Lee ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Myeung Nam Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2010 초록집 Vol.48 No.20

19세기 전후의 ‘쯤’에 대하여

손평효(Son Pyeong-Hyo) 우리말학회 2021 우리말연구 Vol.65 No.-

이 글은 19세기 전후의 ‘쯤’의 여러 측면을 살피자는 데 목적이 있다. 다시 말해 ‘쯤’의 형태와 의미, 문법 범주 등에 대해서 알아보고, 또 ‘쯤’이 어느 시기부터 문법소로 쓰이기 시작했는지를 알아보자는 것이다. 이 시기에는 ‘즘, ㅅ즘, ᄶᅳᆷ, 쯤’ 등 여러 형태가 등장한다. ‘즘’은 18세기 말에 등장하여 20세기 초까지 생산적인 양상을 띤다. 19세기 말까지는 그 분포와 기능에서 의존명사로서의 지위를 가진다. 20세기 초에는 ‘ㅅ즘’이 등장하는데, ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’보다 뒤에 등장한다는 특징이 있다. ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’은 19세기 말에서 20세기 초까지 생산적인 양상을 보이는데, 분포와 의미에서 문법소로서의 양상을 띤다. ‘쯤’이 문법소로서의 경향을 보이기 시작한 것이 이 ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’의 단계부터라 생각된다. ‘쯤’은 20세기 초에 집중 등장하는데, 주로 신소설 작품에서 볼 수 있다. 그리고 이 시기의 ‘쯤’은 분포와 의미 등을 고려할 때, 그 범주는 접미사로 파악된다. This article aims to examine various aspects of ‘쯤’ around the 19th century. In other words, let s look at the form, meaning, and grammatical category of ‘쯤’, and also find out when ‘쯤’ began to be used as a grammar element. During this period, various forms such as ‘즘, ㅅ즘, ᄶᅳᆷ, 쯤’ appear. ‘즘’ appeared at the end of the 18th century and remained productive until the early 20th century. Until the end of the 19th century, it had a status as a dependent noun in its distribution and function. At the beginning of the 20th century, ‘ㅅ즘’ appears, which is characterized by appearing after ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’. ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’ shows a productive aspect from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, and takes on an aspect as a grammar element in the distribution and sense. It is believed that it was from the stage of ‘ᄶᅳᆷ’ that the ‘쯤’ began to show a tendency as a grammar element. ‘쯤’ intensively appeared in the early 20th century, and can be seen mainly in new novels. And, when considering the distribution and meaning of ‘쯤’ in this period, the category is thought of as a suffix.

‘즈음’과 ‘쯤’의 상관성 및 문법 범주

손평효(Son Pyeong-Hyo) 우리말학회 2020 우리말연구 Vol.60 No.-

이 글은 ‘즈음’과 ‘쯤’의 형태와 분포, 의미와 범주에 대해 살피기 위해 작성된 것이다. 형태적인 측면에서, 현대국어의 ‘즈음’은 중세 이후 역사적으로 다양한 변이형태들을 보인다. 그 가운데 근대 후기인 19세기 말에는 ‘즘, ㅅ즘, ᄶᅳᆷ’ 등이 혼재하는 양상을 보여준다. 현대의 ‘쯤’이 등장하는 시기는 20세기 초로 파악된다. 분포적 측면에서, 중세 시기에는 ‘즈음’의 선행어로 다양한 분포 양상을 보이지만, 현대국어에 이르러서는 관형절에 국한되는 양상을 보인다. 의미적 측면에서, 현대국어의 ‘즈음’은 시간 개념에 국한되어 쓰이지만, 중세 시기에는 구체적인 공간 의미를 가지고 있었다. 현대국어 ‘쯤’은 중세와는 전혀 다른 추상적인 의미와 양태 의미를 지닌다. 이는 ‘쯤’이 어휘적이 아니라 문법적인 요소임을 의미한다. ‘쯤’이 현대적 의미를 가지기 시작한 시기는 19세기 말 20세기 초라 생각된다. 문법 범주에서, ‘즈음’은 중세국어에는 자립명사, 현대국어에서는 의존명사로 선명하게 드러난다. 그러나 현대국어의 ‘쯤’은 보다 복잡하다. 의존명사, 보조사, 접미사적인 속성을 모두 가지기 때문이다. 어떤 방향에서든 관련성을 가지는데, 여기서는 접미사로 처리하였다. This article is intended to study the form, distribution, meaning and category of ‘즈음’ and ‘쯤’. In terms of form, the modern language ‘즈음’ shows various variations in history since the Middle Ages. Among them, ‘즘, ㅅ즘, ᄶᅳᆷ’ etc. are mixed in the late 19th century. The period of modern Korean language ‘쯤’ appears in the early 20th century. In terms of distribution, in the Middle Ages, there are various distributions of the predecessors of ‘즈음’, but they are limited to tubular words in modern languages. In terms of meaning, the modern language ‘즈음’ is used for the concept of time, but in the Middle Ages it had a specific spatial meaning. The modern Korean word, ‘쯤’ has an abstract meaning and aspect meaning that is completely different from the Middle Ages. This means that ‘쯤’ is a grammatical element, not lexical. The period when ‘쯤’ began to have a modern meaning is thought to be the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the grammatical category, ‘즈음’ is clearly seen as a Independence noun in medieval languages and a dependent noun in modern languages. However, the contemporary ‘쯤’ is more complicated. This is because they have all attributes of dependency nouns, auxiliary verbs and suffixes. Relevance in any direction, which is treated as a suffix in this article.