http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A sub-1-volt nanoelectromechanical switching device.
Lee, Jeong Oen,Song, Yong-Ha,Kim, Min-Wu,Kang, Min-Ho,Oh, Jae-Sub,Yang, Hyun-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Bo Nature Pub. Group 2013 Nature nanotechnology Vol.8 No.1
<P>Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have received widespread attention as promising candidates in the drive to surmount the physical limitations currently faced by complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The NEM switch has demonstrated superior characteristics including quasi-zero leakage behaviour, excellent density capability and operation in harsh environments. However, an unacceptably high operating voltage (4-20 V) has posed a major obstacle in the practical use of the NEM switch in low-power integrated circuits. To utilize the NEM switch widely as a core device component in ultralow power applications, the operation voltage needs to be reduced to 1 V or below. However, sub-1 V actuation has not yet been demonstrated because of fabrication difficulties and irreversible switching failure caused by surface adhesion. Here, we report the sub-1 V operation of a NEM switch through the introduction of a novel pipe clip device structure and an effective air gap fabrication technique. This achievement is primarily attributed to the incorporation of a 4-nm-thick air gap, which is the smallest reported so far for a NEM switch generated using a 'top-down' approach. Our structure and process can potentially be utilized in various nanogap-related applications, including NEM switch-based ultralow-power integrated circuits, NEM resonators, nanogap electrodes for scientific research and sensors.</P>
안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 Calbindin D-28k과 c-fos의 변화에 관한 연구
김명,김기훈,김주영,하현철,안명수,김장민,조향훈,정명섭,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2
Changes of Calbindin D-28k- and c-fos-immunoreactivities in the superior collicuclus after Eye Enucleation. Objective and methods: Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) play an important role in the protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindin D-28k were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Also early gene familly c-fos was examined to evaluate the neuronal characteristics in the superior colliculus after monocular enucleation. Results: On the experimental side of superior colliculus, the number of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. Appearance of c-fos-like immunoreactivity was represented much more in the ipsilateral superior colliculus than contralateral side within 24h after eye enucleation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of calbindin D-28k and c-fos expression.
생쥐 대장 평활근 세포에서 내향 정류성 칼륨 전류의 특성 연구
이은주,김명,정명섭,조향훈,김기훈,하현철,김준수,최석,전제열 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2
Objectives: K^(+) channels play an important role in regulating cellular excitability. The aim of this study was to know whether or not inward rectifier K^(+) channel exists in colonic smooth muscle cells. Methods: Mouse colonic smooth muscle cells were isolated using collagenase, and then we recorded their membrane currents using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results: With 90 mM K^(+) in bath, hyperpolarization-induced inward currents from -120 mV to 20 mV with 400 ms duration at a holding potential of -10 mV showed rapid activation, inactivation and inward rectification. The inactivation showed single exponential time course. Reduction of external K^(+) to 60 mM decreased the amplitudes of the currents in whole test voltage range and shifted the reversal potential to more negative potential. The inactivation process and peak currents of hyperpolarization-induced inward currents were not affected by removing external Na^(+). External Ba^(+) blocked hyperpolarization-induced inward currents by dose-dependent manner and pure Ba^(+)-sensitive currents showed strong inward rectification. Cs^(+) also suppressed hyper- polarization-induced inward currents. Ba^(+) and Cs^(+)-induced inhibitiOn of hyperpolarization-induced inward currents was voltage-dependent, and the extent of inhibition increasing with membrane hyperpolarization. Conclusions: These results suggest that inward rectifier KU channels may exist in proximal colonic smooth muscle and may play an important role in regulating membrane potential.
정하영,김대성,이현진,이승호,임형미,최병기,강광중,최진섭,Jung, Ha-Young,Kim, Dae Sung,Lee, Hyun-Jin,Lee, Seung-Ho,Lim, Hyung Mi,Choi, Byung-Ki,Kang, Kwang-Jung,Choi, Jin-Sub 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.12
$Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$ coated on a mica or $TiO_2$/mica surface as infrared reflective blue pigment was prepared by a hydrothermal method. $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$, used as coloring agent, was uniformly coated on mica or $TiO_2$/mica under the optimized condition of a 1.2 : 1 weight ratio between iron(III) chloride hexahydrate and potassium ferrocyanidetrihydrate at the initial pH level of 4.5 at $70^{\circ}C$. The infrared (IR)-reflective pigments were characterized by SEM, Zeta-potenial, FT-IR, and UV-VIS NIR spectrophotometry. Especially the CIE color coordinate and total solar reflectance(TSR) properties of the pigments were investigated in relation to variation of the coating and coated substrate thicknesses. Isolation-heat paint was prepared with 20 wt% blue pigments fully dispersed in acryl-urethane resin and several additives to coat the film uniformly. The films were also measured with CIE color coordinate, TSR, and the surface temperature was recorded by an isolation-heat measuring system. The pigments and films of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$ coated on mica and $TiO_2$/mica showed high TSR values compared with the TSR value of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$ itself. According to the increase of TSR value, the property of isolation-heat is effective. To realize the optimal blue color, we applied the the pigment to $TiO_2$ coated mica(TM(b)) which has blueish interference color. The pigment of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$ coated on TM(b) shows a strong blue color compared with that of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3$ coated on $TiO_2$/Mmca(TM(w)), which has a whitish interference color.
Kim, Hyun Soo,Kim, Yong Tae,Hwang, Ha Sub,Sung, Man Young Wiley (John WileySons) 2014 Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters Vol.8 No.3
One of the candidate materials for phase-change memory, In3Sb1Te2 (IST), shows multilevel phase transformations from amorphous to several crystalline materials of IST, intermediate phases such as InSb, SbTe and InTe. However, its volume can change abruptly in the multilevel phase transformation, and this change can lead to vacancy movement and atomic migration, which are related to failures and reliability issues. We propose the carbon-incorporated In3Sb1Te2 (IST-C) alloy, which has higher retention ability than the IST ternary alloy. Carbon atoms delay crystallization and prevent volume change during the set/reset operation. The carbon concen- tration is 12.5%, and the activation energy increases from 5.1 eV to 5.4 eV. ((c) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CaCl<sub>2</sub> 용융염에서 TiO<sub>2</sub> 펠렛의 전기화학적 환원반응 특성
지현섭,류효열,정하명,정광호,정상문,Ji, Hyun-Sub,Ryu, Hyo-Yeol,Jeong, Ha-Myung,Jeong, Kwang-Ho,Jeong, Sang-Mun 한국방사성폐기물학회 2012 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.10 No.2
본 연구에서는 $850^{\circ}C$의 $CaCl_2$ 용융염계에서 전해환원공정을 통해 $TiO_2$로부터 금속티타늄을 제조하였다. Ni-$TiO_2$ 조합전극을 환원전극으로 그라파이트를 산화전극으로 사용하였으며, 셀전위를 제어하면서 $TiO_2$의 전해환원 특성을 관찰하였다. XRD 분석을 통해 $TiO_2$가 $CaTiO_3$, $Ti_2O$, $Ti_6O$와 같은 다양한 반응 중간생성물을 거쳐 Ti 스폰지로 환원되는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 SEM 분석을 통해 $TiO_2$ 전해환원 반응동안 펠렛의 바깥표면부터 환원반응이 시작되어 펠렛중심으로 진행이 되는 것이 확인되었다. 전해환원 반응도중 환원된 티타늄금속은 초기에는 다공성 스폰지 구조를 보이나 고온에서 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 소결에 의해 수축되어 다공성 구조가 사라지는 현상을 보였다. A porous $TiO_2$ pellet was electrochemically converted to the metallic titanium by using a $CaCl_2$ molten salt system at $850^{\circ}C$. Ni-$TiO_2$ and graphite electrodes were used as cathode and anode, respectively. The electrochemical behaviour of $TiO_2$ pellet was determined by a constant voltage control electrolysis. Various reaction intermediates such as $CaTiO_3$, $Ti_2O$ and $Ti_6O$ were observed by XRD analysis during electrolysis of the pellet. Once $TiO_2$ pellet was converted to a porous metallic structure, the porous structure disappeared by sintering and shrinking with increasing the reaction time at high temperature.
Optimization of Herbicidin A Production in Submerged Culture of Streptomyces scopuliridis M40
( Sanghyun Ha ),( Keon Jin Lee ),( Sang Il Lee ),( Hyun Jung Gwak ),( Jong-hee Lee ),( Tae-woon Kim ),( Hak-jong Choi ),( Ja-young Jang ),( Jung-sub Choi ),( Chang-jin Kim ),( Jin-cheol Kim ),( Hyeong 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.5
Herbicidin A is a potent herbicide against dicotyledonous plants as well as an antibiotic against phytopathogens. In this study, fermentation parameters for herbicidin A production in submerged culture of Streptomyces scopuliridis M40 were investigated. The herbicidin A concentration varied with the C/N ratio. High C/N ratios (>4) resulted in a herbicidin A production of more than 900 mg/l, whereas maximally 600 mg/l was obtained at ratios between 1 and 3.5. In 5-L batch fermentation, there was a positive correlation between the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and herbicidin A production. Once the OUR increased, the substrate consumption rate increased, leading to an increase in volumetric productivity. Mechanical shear force affected the hyphal morphology and OUR. When the medium value of hyphal size ranged from 150 to 180 μm, high volumetric production of herbicidin A was obtained with OUR values >137 mg O<sub>2</sub>/l·h. The highest herbicidin A concentration of 956.6 mg/l was obtained at 500 rpm, and coincided with the highest relative abundance of hyphae of 100-200 μm length and the highest OUR during cultivation. Based on a constant impeller tip speed, which affects hyphal morphology, herbicidin A production was successfully scaled up from a 5-L jar to a 500-L pilot vessel.
Development and Selection of CGMMV Resistant Watermelon by Crossing CGMMV Resistant GM Rootstock
Mi-Jin Kim,Jang-Ha Lee,Yuon-Sub Shin,Ki-Hyun Ryu,Soon-Chun Jeong,Chee-Hark Harn 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
Many viruses infect cucurbits. One of the well-known symptoms is mosaic disease. Those that cause mosaic are cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), squash mosaic virus (SqMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). WMV resistant GM squash was developed many years ago in the United States and it was on the market, but no further information was available by now pertinent to commercial aspect. Usually these viruses are not easily controlled by frequent applications of chemicals that target the insect as carriers of viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop commercial varieties possessing resistance against viral diseases. We have developed GM watermelon rootstocks called gongdae, using a coat protein gene of CGMMV as transgene. Those GM watermelon rootstocks showed highly resistant to CGMMV, and have been crossed to get the several BC and T generation. In order to obtain the virus resistant watermelon, watermelon lines were crossed to the selected GM watermelon rootstock. Here, we present the successful watermelon cultivars that show resistance to CGMMV. The resistance must have obtained by transferring the transgene from the GM watermelon rootstock to watermelon line
Selection of CGMMV resistant watermelon by crossing CGMMV resistant GM rootstock
So-Youn Lee,Jang-Ha Lee,Yuon-Sub Shin,Ki-Hyun Ryu,Soon-Chun Jeong,Chee-Hark Harn 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07
Many viruses infect cucurbits. One of the well-known symptoms is mosaic disease. Those that cause mosaic are cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), squash mosaic virus (SqMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). WMV resistant GM squash was developed many years ago in the United States and it was on the market, but no further information was available by now pertinent to commercial aspect. Usually these viruses are not easily controlled by frequent applications of chemicals that target the insect as carriers of viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop commercial varieties possessing resistance against viral diseases. We have developed GM watermelon rootstocks called gongdae, using a coat protein gene of CGMMV as transgene. Those GM watermelon rootstocks showed highly resistant to CGMMV, and have been crossed to get the several BC and T generation. In order to obtain the virus resistant watermelon, watermelon lines were crossed to the selected GM watermelon rootstock. Here, we present the successful watermelon cultivars that show resistance to CGMMV. The resistance must have obtained by transferring the transgene from the GM watermelon rootstock to watermelon line.