한국에서 통용되고 있는 지폐에서의 미생물 오염 분석

장효원,이미영,오계헌 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this work was to investigate the microbiological distribution and contamination from korean currency that is circulated generally among various kinds of people. Fifty 1,000-won bills were collected by seasons and regions for 18 months. supernatants derived from bills treated by ultrasonicator with .0.8% saline were inoculated and incubated on various selective media such as mannitol salt agar, potato dextrose agar, plate count agar, bismuth sulfite glucose glycine yeast extract agar, luria-Bertani agar. As the results, various kinds of bacteria and fungi including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyolcoccus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Candidasp. from 1,000-won bills grew on the solid media. Bacterial contamination was higher in spring and summer compared to winter, whereas fungal contaminatioj was predominated in winter. Especially, 1,000-won bills collected in fish markets and korean traditional markets were heavily contaminated by E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp. Streptococcus sp.,Salmonella sp., and -hemolytic Bacillus. Similar results were obtained from 5,000-won bills and 10,000-won bills as well. In consequence, it was proven that korean currency of bank notes in current use was significantly contaminated by many pathogenic microorganisms.

Hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in 13 beagle dogs

Chang-Moo Ji, Hae-Won Jung, Hyo-Mi Jang, Jong-Hyun Moon, Dong-In Jung 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.2

Hemodialysis is an effective therapy for renal failure in veterinary practice. To evaluate hematologic and hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis, 13 dogs were treated with hemodialysis, after which complete blood cell counts (CBC), serum chemistry, and mean systolic blood pressure were analyzed. For CBC, white blood cells (WBC) and platelets underwent significant changes. In serum chemistry, there were significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, amylase, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus contents. Further, mean systolic blood pressure suddenly increased in early hemodialysis and decreased significantly thereafter. During hemodialysis, adverse effects were observed in some dogs as follows: bleeding (1 dog), anemia (2 dogs), leukopenia (8 dogs), thrombocytopenia (2 dogs), and hypotension (1 dog). This study demonstrates hematologic and hemodynamic effects during hemodialysis as well as complications similar to human medicine. Before applying the commercialized human hemodialysis system to canine renal failure patients, we monitored hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in healthy beagle dogs.

Nitrogen - incorporated (Ba, Sr)TiO₃ thin films fabricated by r.f. - magnetron sputtering

Won Taeg Lim,Yong Kuk Jeong,Chang Hyo Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2000 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.4 No.4

In this study, two kinds of barium strontium titanate (BST) samples were prepared. One is a conventional BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The other is a nitrogen-incorporated BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of oxygen and intentionally added nitrogen instead of argon gas. The structural properties of both of the BST films had not changed significantly with the species of sputtering gas. However, the leakage current of BST films sputtered at (N₂+O₂) atmosphere was lower than those sputtered at (Ar +O₂) atmosphere: 1.9×10^(-8) A/㎤ at 2V for the films prepared at (Ar +O₂) atmosphere and 8.6×10^(-9) A/㎤ for the films at (N₂+O₂) atmosphere. From an XPS analysis, it has been found that nitrogen atoms are incorporated in BST films with a concentration of 1.92 at% and form a certain oxynitride phase. It is proposed that nitrogen atoms are able to fill the oxygen vacancies of BST films during sputtering process, and then the leakage current reduces due to a decrease in the vacancies. The BST films sputtered at (N₂+ O₂) atmosphere have superior electrical properties to the films sputtered at (Ar +O₂), without any significant structural changes.

Nitrogen-incorporated (Ba, Sr)$TiO_3$ thin films fabricated by r.f.- magnetron sputtering

Lim, Won-Taeg,Jeong, Yong-Kuk,Lee, Chang-Hyo The Korean Vacuum Society 2000 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.4 No.4

In this study, two kinds of barium strontium titanate (BST) samples were prepared. One is a conventional BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The other is a nitrogen-incorporated BST film that is sputtered in a mixture of oxygen and intentionally added nitrogen instead of argon gas. The structural properties of both of the BST films had not changed significantly with the species of sputtering gas. However, the leakage current of BST films sputtered at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere was lower than those sputtered at (Ar +O$_2$) atmosphere: 1.9$\times$10$^{-8}$ A/cm$^2$ at 2V for the films prepared at (Ar +O$_2$) atmosphere and 8.6$\times$10$^{-9}$ A/cm$^2$ for the films at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere. From an XPS analysis, it has been found that nitrogen atoms are incorporated in BST films with a concentration of 1.92 at% and form a certain oxynitride phase. It is proposed that nitrogen atoms are able to fill the oxygen vacancies of BST films during sputtering process, and then the leakage current reduces due to a decrease in the vacancies. The BST films sputtered at ($N_2$+O$_2$) atmosphere have superior electrical properties to the films sputtered at (Ar +O$_2$), without any significant structural changes.

연구논문 : 북한 미디어에 나타난 기후변화 프레임: 로동신문과 민주조선을 중심으로

박미선 ( Mi Sun Park ),윤여창 ( Yeo Chang Youn ),이효원 ( Hyo Won Lee ) 한국환경정책학회 2013 環境政策 Vol.21 No.4

Media define and interpret problems and recommend the treatment to them in environmental communication. This function of media is named as ``framing``. This paper aims to investigate how the issue of climate change as a global environmental issue has been communicated at the nationalmedia, using the theory ofmedia frame. In particular it focused on the case of North Korea. For media analysis, ‘Rodong Shinmun’ and ‘MinjuChosun’ as twomajor newspaperswere selected. The articles carrying terms of ‘climate change’ and ‘global warming’ in the title of articles were selected from1990 to 2012. The published data, places of events, cited speakers, different interest groups as victims, causers and problem solvers were coded and analyzed. Consequently the research results show four features of media frames on climate change in the North Korea. Frist, the selected articles includedmore foreign events and phenomena than the domestic. Second, governmental agencies, politicians, international organizations and scientists were represented as major speakers in the selected articles. In particular, instructions by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il occupied the half of the statements by domestic speakers. Third, the diagnostic frame with description of victims and causers was dominant in the selected articles. Since 2007 the prognostic frame with representation of problem solvers was distinctly formed. Fourth, Rhodong Shinmun represented more various voices of the actors and interest groups as victims, causers and helpers to the problemof climate change thanMinju Chosun.

Pseudomonas putuda Hk-6에서 2,4,5-Trinitroroluene에 의한 스트레스 충격 단백질의 생성

장효원,오계헌 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

The aim of this work was to examine the production of stress shock proteins by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in Pseudomonas putida HK-6 which isolated from explosive contaminated sites. The stress shock proteins, which contribute to the resistance of the cytotoxic effect of TNT, were induced at various concentrations of TNT in exponentially growing cultures of P. putida HK-6. Theses responses involved the induction of a 70-kDa DnaK and a 60-kDa GroEL proteins, characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot by use of anti-DnaK and anti-GroEL monoclonal antibodies. Survival of P. putida HK-6 with time in the presence of different concentrations of TNT was monitored, and viable counts paralleled the induction of the stress shock proteins in this strain.

국내외 하수처리장 자동화 현황 조사

김창원,고주형,최광수,허남효,김병군 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

하수처리장 운전 제어 및 자동화는 현재 세계적인 추세이다. 자동 제어를 도입함으로써 운전의 효율성 및 안정성 향상, 일관된 운전, 운전비용 절감 등 많은 이득을 기대할 수 있다. 유럽 등 선진국에서는 이미 7,80년대부터 다방면에서 많은 역구가 수행되었고, 80년대 이후 건설된 대부분의 하수처리장에서 용존산소 농도 제어를 비롯한 기본적인 제어를 실제로 적용하고 있다. 그러나 현재까지 국내에는 하수처리장에 자동 제어가 적용된 경우가 없으며, 현장 적용은 몇몇 폐수처리장에 국한된다. 그러나 자동 제어를 통해 얻을 수 있는 이득이 매우 크다는 것이 명백하고, 현재 각 대학 연구에서 활발하게 연구를 수행하고 있으므로, 가까운 장래에 많은 하·폐수처리장에 자동 제어가 광범위하게 도입될 것으로 기대된다. Operational control and automation of sewage works is a worldwide tendency. By introducing automatic control, many benefits like improvement of efficiency and stability, consistent operation an operational cost saving, can be obtained. Lots of process studies have been performed from 7,80s in developed countries, and basic control (e. g. DO control) is having been appplied to almost every plants constructed after 80s. In Korea, no large sewage work is automatically controlled till now, while some limited application for wastewater treatment plants are exist. But it is very clear that automatic control holds great porfits and lots of vigorous researches are being conducted in many universities and laboratiories, so widespread introduction of automatic control to sewage/wastewater treatment plant in near future is expected.

성장조건 및 후-열처리에 따른 ZoN 박막의 구조적 성질

이창효,임원택,박성순 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 1999 自然科學論文集 Vol.18 No.-

고주파 반응성 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착한 ZnO 박막의 증착조건 및 후-열처리에 따른 구조적 성질을 조사하였다. ZnO 박막은 Zn 금속 타겟을 산소분위기에서 스퍼터링 하여 얻었다. 입력 고주파 전력, 기판온도, 가스비 등의 증착조건에 따른 ZnO 박막의 결정성과 이를 후속 열처리했을 때의 결정성 변화를 알아보았다. 또한 기판의 종류에 따른 ZnO 박막의 결정성도 조사하였다. ZnO 박막은 입력 고주파 전력이 클수록 기판온도가 높을수록 좋은 결정성을 보였고, 전체 주입가스중의 산소량이 많은 질수록 증착속도와 X-선 회절 피크의 강도는 감소하였다. 700℃에서 5시간 동안 공기 중에서 열처리하는 과정에서 결정성이 향상되었고, AFM을 통해 열처리 전과 후의 표면 거칠기 변화를 관찰한 결과 별다른 변화가 나타나지 않았다. ZnO 박막의 결정성은 기판종류에 영향을 받았으며, 특히 슬라이드 글래스 기판일 때 좋은 결정성을 나타냈다. We have studied the structural properties of ZnO thin films which were fabricated by rf reactive magnetron sputtering method with various growing conditions. ZnO thin films were deposited in oxygen atmosphere using Zn metal target. We have investigated not only the crystallinity of the ZnO films with deposition parameter such as input rf power, substrate temperature and gas ratio but also annealing conditions. In addition, we have investigated the crystallinity of the films deposited on many kinds of substrates. ZnO thin films had good crystallinity when their substrate temperature and their input rf power increased. Deposition rate and XRD intensity reduced with the increasing oxygen content in injected gases. The crystallinity of the ZnO films increased after annealing at 700℃ for 5 hours in air, but the surface roughness of the ZnO films did not change. The crystallinity of the ZnO films was affected by the types of substrates. In particular, the ZnO thin films deposited on the slide glass showed excellent crystallinity.

A preliminary study in melasma following INMODE forma procedure

( Soon-hyo Kwon ),( Je-byeong Chae ),( Jung-won Shin ),( Jung-im Na ),( Chang-hun Huh ),( Kyoung-chan Park ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Melasma is a common hypermelanosis that frequently appears on the face. In recent studies, it is suggested that dermal structural alteration, including solar elastosis and basement membrane disruption, may have an important role in the pathogenesis of melasma. Forma device (InMode Inc, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada, North America) is a radiofrequency dermal heating device used on facial wrinkles and rhytides. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Forma device on melasma in a small group of volunteers. Methods: All volunteers were treated 4 times at 3 weeks intervals. Every visit, melanin index and erythema index was measured to assess the improvement in hyperpigmentation and erythema. Clinical photos were evaluated to estimate the degree of skin changes. Results: Clinical and instrumental evaluation showed that melasma improved after INMODE forma treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that treatment with Forma device may have beneficial effects on melasma by dermal remodeling and direct heat delivery on melanocytes.

주파수 도약 대역 확산 통신 방식의 동기 시스템 구현에 관한 연구

方孝昌,權智洪,張太和,金元厚 한국항공대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

주파수 도약 대역 확산 통신 방식에서 기존의 동기 시스템은 VCO의 비선형 특성, 루프의 온도보상문제, 소형화. 경량화 문제 등으로 시스템 구현에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 정합필터(matched filter)를 이용한 초기동기와 ADPLL(All Digital Phase Locked Loop)을 이용한 동기 추적 방식의 동기 시스템을 구현하였고, 초기동기시간 약 600μS, 동기추적에 약46mS의 시간을 얻어 전체 동기 시스템은 약 65mS이내를 얻었다. 일반적으로 동기시간이 100mS 이내에 이루어지면 완전한 동기를 이룬것으로 보며, 따라서 구현된 동기 시스템이 매우 안정되고 정확한 동기를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. In the frequency hopping spread spectrum communication, the conventional synchronization systems have many problems in their implementation. It is nonlinear characteristics of VCO, temperature compensation of loop and implementing compactly. In this paper, we implemented the synchronization system which consists of the ACQUISITION by matched filter and the TRACKING by ADPLL(All Digital PLL). In this synchronization system, acquisition time and tracking time were about 600㎲, 64ms respectively, so that total synchronization time could be within 65ms. Generally, as synchronization time is within 100ms we can regard it as complete synchronization. therefore, we could prove that the implemented synronization system has a stable and accurate synchronization.