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Dominant mechanisms of the sintering of copper nano-powders depending on the crystal misalignment
Seong, Y.,Kim, Y.,German, R.,Kim, S.,Kim, S.G.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, H.J.,Park, S.J. Elsevier 2016 Computational materials science Vol.123 No.-
Sintering mechanisms of nanoscale copper powder are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the embedded-atom method (EAM). The densification parameters, such as shrinkage, and relative sintered density are calculated using the two-particle sintering model. This paper considers the important role of crystalline misalignment between two particles on densification. Besides volume diffusion contribution, misalignment between the crystal structures results in enhanced grain boundary diffusion. At low temperatures, grain boundary torque cause particles to rotate to reduce grain boundary energy. At higher temperatures, particle rotation becomes complicated including remarkable twist, and grain boundary tilting due to grain-boundary-like diffusion. These results provide insights to the processing cycle parameters applicable to nano-powders.
Anthroponymy of the Koryo Saram
KIM, German 단국대학교 한국민족학연구소 1993 한국민족학 연구 Vol.- No.1
In total, the mumber of Koreans who lived in the former USSR, according to the 1989 Census, was 439 thousands, the great bulk of whom live in Uzbekistan, Russia and Kazakhstan. The modern demography of the Korean populations in characterized by dispersion; this demography is a legacy of the policy of forced migration during the Stalin epoch, and also by processes of migration and infiltration among the Korean populations.
DIASPORA VS IRREDENTA IN THE POST SOVIET СENTRAL ASIA
German Kim 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2016 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국제학술회의 Vol.2016 No.5
The collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of new sovereign states, the fragmentation of the single in the former time ethnic groups inhabiting a common country, the renaissance of ethnic identity, change by great part of Soviet peoples of their citizenship and loyalty to the newly established states, and so forth, became the reasons for the boom in the use of the word "Diaspora". Moreover, the Diaspora discourse went beyond the academic sphere, since it is not the term, but the word "Diaspora" that has been widely used throughout the media, culture, NGOs and in everyday life. Often some ethnic minority is called Diaspora actually not being it. In my opinion, this dissonance has occurred because Diaspora is not distinguished from other ethnic groups. Frequently ethnic Diasporas have been put in one row along with immigrant communities. In some cases an ethnic community is perceived as a Diaspora, though it is actually an Irredenta, which is on the one hand, different from the former, and on the other - has similarities with it. The fundamental difference between Irredenta and Diaspora lies in dissimilar attitude to the residing area, the first one pretends to be aborigine and the latter has a kin state from where their ancestors migrated to the host country. Many scholars understand irredentism as an attempt by a sovereign state to incorporate the territories of ethnically related populations in neighboring countries. Yet there are disagreements on how exactly to define irredentism. In the case of ethno-territorial cross-border conflicts, irredentist and secessionist movements often coincide. The purpose of my presentation is threefold: firstly, to define the basic concepts of Diaspora and Irrendenta, to show typological similarities and differences between two ethnic groups living outside their historical homeland. Secondly, to use chronotopical method which takes into account not only territorial but also the temporal dimensions of the Diaspora and Irredenta as different, but in many ways similar spatio-temporal models. Thirdly, to give examples of Irrendentism trends in the post-Soviet Central Asia showing how territorial disputes can cause bloody ethnic conflicts in the border areas.
Functional role of serotonin in insulin secretion in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.
Kim, Kyuho,Oh, Chang-Myung,Ohara-Imaizumi, Mica,Park, Sangkyu,Namkung, Jun,Yadav, Vijay K,Tamarina, Natalia A,Roe, Michael W,Philipson, Louis H,Karsenty, Gerard,Nagamatsu, Shinya,German, Michael S,Kim The Endocrine Society 2015 Endocrinology Vol.156 No.2
<P>The physiological role of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in pancreatic β-cell function was previously elucidated using a pregnant mouse model. During pregnancy, 5-HT increases β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through the Gαq-coupled 5-HT2b receptor (Htr2b) and the 5-HT3 receptor (Htr3), a ligand-gated cation channel, respectively. However, the role of 5-HT in β-cell function in an insulin-resistant state has yet to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the metabolic phenotypes of β-cell-specific Htr2b(-/-) (Htr2b βKO), Htr3a(-/-) (Htr3a knock-out [KO]), and β-cell-specific tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1)(-/-) (Tph1 βKO) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Htr2b βKO, Htr3a KO, and Tph1 βKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance on a standard chow diet. After 6 weeks on an HFD, beginning at 4 weeks of age, both Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice developed glucose intolerance, but Htr2b βKO mice remained normoglycemic. Pancreas perfusion assays revealed defective first-phase insulin secretion in Htr3a KO mice. GSIS was impaired in islets isolated from HFD-fed Htr3a KO and Tph1 βKO mice, and 5-HT treatment improved insulin secretion from Tph1 βKO islets but not from Htr3a KO islets. Tph1 and Htr3a gene expression in pancreatic islets was not affected by an HFD, and immunostaining could not detect 5-HT in pancreatic islets from mice fed an HFD. Taken together, these results demonstrate that basal 5-HT levels in β-cells play a role in GSIS through Htr3, which becomes more evident in a diet-induced insulin-resistant state.</P>
Migration vs. Repatriation to South Korea in the Past and Present
( German Kim ) 대한민국역사박물관 2017 Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies Vol.4 No.1
South Korea achieved an economic miracle in the last third of the twentieth century and has evolved from a kin state into a host state of international migration. Repatriation of compatriots in the Republic of Korea, as a type of international migration, has its specific characteristics because there is another country―North Korea―which was also involved in cross-border population movements. Based on the growing number of migrants, including chosonjok from China, koryoin from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, primarily Russia and Uzbekistan, and thalbukja, refugees from North Korea, and the reverse migration of overseas Koreans from the United States and other Western countries, the main agenda is repatriation legal support and effective programming for integration into mainstream South Korean society. Repatriates may affect the stability and development of South Korea in the twenty-first century. An investigation of the basic stages of repatriation, of its constituent elements, the problems encountered in the adaptation of immigrants in the modern Republic of Korea, assumes knowledge and consideration of the migrant`s experience, reception, and understanding of national repatriation programs. This article is an attempt toward comparative diachronic and synchronic analysis of Korean repatriation as a type of international migration.