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( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
金德原(Kim, Deok-Won) 백산학회 2002 白山學報 Vol.- No.63
There has been little substantial progress in the study of King Jin Ji (眞智王). This is due to a shortage of records regarding his reign that resulted from the political turmoil leading up to his dethronement four years after taking the throne. Negative impressions implanted in the process of evaluating and recording his administrative achievements in comparison to King Jin Pyeong(眞平王) are another reason for this dearth of records. The background information that made it possible for him to become King, however, highlights both his personal ability and internal and external circumstances unique to the era of his accession. In terms of ability, his age was considered an important fact qualifying him to be King, as was his renown as a wise statesman with a keen and accurate sense of judgment. Taking into account the internal and external circumstances both before and after he became king, one must consider the Shilla Kingdom (新羅) suffering frequent attacks mounted by the Paekje Kindgom(百濟) externally given the inroads that King Jin Heung(眞興王) made into the Hang River(漢江) basin. The ideology of Cakravartirajan(轉輪聖王) late emerged as an internal factor, in terms of how it was closely connected to the Buddhist politics of King Jin Heung(眞興王). It was Geo Chil-bu(居柒夫) who played a pivotal role in bringing Jin Ji to the throne. He had been characterized as a symbolic figure that made great contributions to the expansion of Shilla Kingdom(新羅) territory by becoming a member of inner Buddhist circles somewhat earlier than others. In this context he was able to assist Jin Ji's accession to the throne in the following ways: Safeguarding the Shilla Kingdom territory from external threats was always an imminent proposition, while the internal politics of the Kingdom involved a pursuit of inheriting the Buddhist policies of King Jin Heung(眞興王). In addition to the Geo Chil-bu's(居柒夫) loyalty played in the coronation of King Jin Ji(眞智王), the role Kim Mu-ryeok(金武力) played is also worthy of attention. It has been inferred from what few records are available, that the military stronghold Kim Mu-ryeok had in cooperation with Geo Chil-bu(居柒夫) was a major factor in Jin Ji's accession to the throne. The relationship between King Jin Ji(眞智王) and Kim Mu-ryeok(金武力) also played had a significant influence on their kinsfolk. It has, therefore, been suggested that as a result King Yong-chun(金龍春) was nudged toward ties with Kim Seo-hyeon(金舒玄), and Kim Chun-chu(金春秋) affiliated himself with Kim Yu-sin(金庾信). It was perhaps these Saryun(舍輪系) and Kaya(加耶系) clique relationships, upon which a new aristocracy that has come to be known as the spread of ‘the middle ages(中代)’ was based.
Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Dong-Joo,Kim, Tae-Jin,Seo, Deok-Won,Kim, Tae-Hong,Lee, Seung-Yong,Kim, Kwanghee,Lee, Kyung-Mi,Lee, Sang-Kwon American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.8
<P>Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) offer promising inorganic nanostructures for biomedical application. Here, we report the development of a novel SiNW array designed for isolating primary CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes from the heterogeneous mixture of cell populations. Our system employed the specific high-affinity binding features of streptavidin (STR)-functionalized SiNW with biotin-labeled CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes. Fabricated SiNW arrays easily separated the CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes from the mouse whole splenocytes with over ∼88% purity and demonstrated tight attachment to CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, our STR-SiNW arrays provide a potential tool for specific cell separation and further present a possibility to be applied to the other area of biomedical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-8/nl100942p/production/images/medium/nl-2010-00942p_0007.gif'></P>
Estimation of relative exposure levels for cellular phone users using a neural network
Kim, Soo Chan,Nam, Ki Chang,Kim, Deok Won Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 BioElectroMagnetics Vol.27 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The wide and growing use of cellular phones has raised questions about the possible health risks associated with radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields. It would be helpful for epidemiologists as well as cellular phone users to obtain the relative exposure levels, because the RF exposure level is very difficult to accurately measure and quantify for all individuals. In this study, a neural network model was developed to estimate relative exposure levels on a scale of 0–10 and thus rank the individual risk of exposure using available information. We used parameters such as usage time per day, total usage period, hands‐free usage, extension of antenna, specific absorption rate (SAR) of the cellular phone, and flip or folder type, which are related to RF exposure. Using the relative exposure levels obtained from this model, epidemiologists can divide the subjects into exposed and nonexposed groups in a study investigating the relationship between exposure level and brain cancer in the future, provided that more knowledge between the cellular phone usage pattern and the exposure is available. Bioelectromagnetics 27:440–444, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
Kim, Seong-Hyeon,Yang, Seung-Dong,Kim, Jin-Seop,Jeong, Jun-Kyo,Lee, Hi-Deok,Lee, Ga-Won The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2015 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.16 No.4
This research investigates the impact of charge spreading on the data retention of three-dimensional (3D) silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) flash memory where the charge trapping layer is shared along the cell string. In order to do so, this study conducts an electrical analysis of the planar SONOS test pattern where the silicon nitride charge storage layer is not isolated but extends beyond the gate electrode. Experimental results from the test pattern show larger retention loss in the devices with extended storage layers compared to isolated devices. This retention degradation is thought to be the result of an additional charge spreading through the extended silicon nitride layer along the width of the memory cell, which should be improved for the successful 3-D application of SONOS flash devices.