The Comparison Study of Advanced Physical Education in China, the U.S.A., and Canada

( Chaojun Wang ),( Shuna Zhang ),( Xinxin Pei ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: The paper is a result of the experience and material collected during the author`s trip to the U.S.A. And Canada for a further study. A comparison study is carried out to find out the differences among the three countries` university physical education, which is meaningful as a reference for not only the three countries but also other countries. Method: The methods used in the study are research methods of documents, interview and comparison analysis. Result: A comparison study is carried out in the six aspects of the administration, recruitment, discipline construction, curriculum construction, teaching staff construction, sports teams construction and campus sport culture in the three countries` advanced physical education, Conclusion: Main conclusions are reached as follows. Firstly, the administrative systems in the three countries are different, and the administrative institutional establishment in these countries differ from each other. There is more autonomy in running a university in the U.S.A , while in Canada there is no state-level higher education administration organization, and the administration of the universities and colleges is controlled by the higher education department of each province, with a high autonomy of the provinces and the universities. Secondly, there are some differences among the three countries` university recruitment. In the U.S.A., the students have to attend ACT or SAT for the enrollment, but the exams are different from those in China in the nature. Canada`s enrollment is based on the self-recommendation and the teacher-school recommendation, and the doctoral students have to pass the comprehensive exams after entrance to be qualified for starting their doctoral dissertations.Students will apply for the recruitment of the sport major according to their interests. There is no unified sport test, which is different from that of China. Thirdly,the three countries have sport discipline construction in their universities, which is mainly determined by the first level discipline it separately belongs to in each country. China is learning from the U.S.A and Canada for their discipline construction, which makes them similar. Modularity training plan is applied by the universities in the U.S.A., and the discipline is the same as that of Canada. In Canada, sport is subdivided into health science, and the health science college is made up of sports department, medicine department, and rehabilitation department. The courses for sport majors in Canada are more directed and practical,such as national-class coach certificate and sport psychology consultation, while that of China is sport science. Fourthly, the social systems and development levels in the three countries are different, which decides the different cultivation aims of the students. The aim of physical education in the U.S.A and Canada is to help students enjoy the pleasure brought by physical exercise and healthy and positive life, and to emphasize physical exercise awareness, while those of China are different, where after-class physical exercise is based on enforcement and awareness, which is quite different. Fifthly, there are differences in teaching qualification of the three countries. The teachers are required to have the experience of practice for a certain period of time and the exact evaluation of the supervisor besides a degree of a relevant major according to the university teachers qualification in the U.S.A. And Canada.the promotion of the sport teachers` academic titles is based on their contribution to the academy, scientific research and the society, but the classification of the academic titles is not as complete as that in China. Lastly, the exploration of the sport culture in the three countries` universities is quite different from each other. Both the U.S.A. And Canada have very special features for their own campus sport culture, while the exploration of China`s campus sport culture still has a long way to go.

Dynamic Analysis of Rockfall Impacts on Geogrid Reinforced Soil and EPS Absorption Cushions

Chaojun Ouyang,Yang Liu,Dongpo Wang,Siming He 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.1

In order to efficiently reduce the impact of rockfall, a novel shed tunnel protection system combined with geogrid reinforced soil and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) geofoam was proposed. Transient dynamic procedures of rockfall impact were computationally analyzed by finite element methods to investigate the effects of various factors such as geogrid strength, number of geogrid layers, and height of EPS and soil cushions. A three-layered cushion system with geogrid reinforced soil and EPS can efficiently absorb the energy from rockfalls. The number and the strength of geogrid layers, as well as the height of the EPS layer have a great influence on reducing impact force and deflection of the rock-shed structure.

Reliability Modeling and Assessment of Electric Vehicle Motor Using Fault Tree and Fuzzy Petri Nets

Bing Wang,Yanping Liang,Chaojun Yang,Zhibo Sang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.8

Performing reliability analysis of electric vehicle motor has an important impact on its safety. To do so, this paper proposes its reliability modeling and evaluation issues of electric vehicle motor by using fault tree (FT) and fuzzy Petri nets (FPN). Based on the concepts of FT and FPN, a FT based FPN model for reliability analysis is obtained. In addition, the reliability calculation method is introduced and this work designs a hybrid intelligent algorithm integrating fuzzy simulation and NN, namely NN based simulation algorithm, to solve it. Finally, taking an electric vehicle motor as an example, its reliability modeling and evaluation issues are analyzed. The results illustrate the proposed models and the effectiveness of proposed algorithms. Moreover, the results reported in this work could be useful for the designers of electric vehicle motor, particularly, in the process of redesigning the electric vehicle motor and scheduling its reliability growth plan.

The characteristic of the synonymous codon usage and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus

Xiaoming Qi,Chaojun Wei,Yonghong Li,Yu Wu,Hui Xu,Rui Guo,Yanjuan Jia,Zhenhao Li,Zhenhong Wei,Wanxia Wang,Jing Jia,Yuanting Li,Anqi Wang,Xiaoling Gao 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial medical issue worldwide. The dependence of HBV replication on host cell machineries and their co-evolutionary interactions prompt the codon usage pattern of viral genes to translation selection and mutation pressure. Objective The evolutionary characteristics of HBV and the natural selection effects of the human genome on the codon usage characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for medication development for HBV infection. Methods The codon usage pattern of sequences from different HBV genotypes of our isolates and reference HBV genome sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were analyzed by computing the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), nucleotide content, codon adaptation index (CAI) and the effective number of codons (ENC). Results The highest ENC values were observed in the C genotypes, followed by the B genotypes. The ENC values indicated a weak codon usage bias (CUB) in HBV genome. The number of codons differentially used between the three genotypes was markedly higher than that of similarly used codons. High CAI values indicated a good adaptability of HBV to its host. The ENC plot indicated the occurrence of mutational pressure in the three genotypes. The mean Ka/Ks ratios in the three genotypes were lower than 1, which indicated a negative selection pressure. The CAI and GC3% plot indicated the existence of CUB in the HBV genome. Conclusions Nucleotide composition, mutation bias, negative selection and mutational pressure are key factors influencing the CUB and phylogenetic diversity in HBV genotypes. The data provided here could be useful for developing drugs for HBV infection.

Enhancing the Magnetic Plasmon Resonance of Three-Dimensional Optical Metamaterials via Strong Coupling for High-Sensitivity Sensing

Chen, Jing,Nie, Hai,Peng, Cheng,Qi, Shibin,Tang, Chaojun,Zhang, Ying,Wang, Lianhui,Park, Gun-Sik IEEE 2018 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.36 No.16

<P>We report an effective method to enhance and modify the magnetic plasmon (MP) resonance in three-dimensional (3D) optical metamaterials consisting of periodic arrays of silver vertical split-ring resonators (VSRRs) for high-sensitivity sensing. By positioning the 3D metamaterials above a thick silver film separated by a silica dielectric spacer layer, the strong coupling between the MP resonance in the VSRRs and the surface plasmons polaritons (SPPs) propagating on the silver film can be realized and gives rise to an ultra-narrowband hybrid MP mode with a huge enhancement of magnetic fields. For the coupling to happen, the magnetic field direction of the SPPs should be parallel to the magnetic moment induced in the VSRRs. More importantly, because the ultra-narrowband hybrid MP mode is extremely sensitive to the surrounding media, the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) of the 3D metamaterials can reach as high as 700 nm/RIU and 170, respectively, suggesting that the proposed 3D metamaterials hold potential applications in label-free biomedical sensing.</P>

Photonic Microcavity-Enhanced Magnetic Plasmon Resonance of Metamaterials for Sensing Applications

Chen, Jing,Peng, Cheng,Qi, Shibin,Zhang, Qian,Tang, Chaojun,Shen, Xueyang,Da, Haixia,Wang, Lianhui,Park, Gun-Sik IEEE 2019 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Vol.31 No.2

<P>We first investigate numerically photonic microcavity-enhanced magnetic plasmon (MP) resonance in metamaterials for high-quality refractive index sensing. The metamaterials consist of a top periodic array of U-shaped metallic split-ring resonators (SRRs), a middle dielectric layer, and a bottom metallic backed plate. The top metallic SRRs that are placed at about Bragg distance above the bottom metallic plate constitute a photonic microcavity. Because the MP resonance excited in metallic SRRs is coupled to the photonic microcavity mode supported by the photonic microcavity, the radiative damping of the MP resonance is strongly reduced, and consequently, its linewidth is decreased dramatically. Benefiting from the narrow linewidth, large modulation depth, and giant magnetic field enhancement at the MP resonance, the cavity-coupled metamaterial sensor has very high sensitivity ( <TEX>$\text {S}= 400$</TEX> nm/RIU and <TEX>$\text {S}^{\ast } = 26$</TEX>/RIU) and figure of merit ( <TEX>$\text {FOM}= 33$</TEX> and FOM* = 4215), which suggests that the proposed metamaterials have potential in applications of plasmonic biosensors.</P>