Ulaanbaatar City Community Sport Development and the Youth Sport Participation: Challenges and Opportunities

냠트소그트 서울대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

My research was designed to develop an understanding on of the current status of community participation in community sport development activities with emphasis on Mongolian youth participation frequency in community sports development activities, with the objectives to understand what restricts youth participation in such activities and how these activities can be promoted and developed in the community. The study analyzed sports law, physical culture policies and annual activities reports to develop understanding on current status of community participation. The research questions were establish in such a way to first measured the status and frequency of participation then to investigate the barriers and eventually identified best practices to develop and promote community sport activities. Qualitative research method approach was identified as the right research choice and research was conducted accordingly. The questionnaire containing close and open questions was used to collect the opinions of the participants of in the research. The analysis demonstrated that youth of Mongolia are not actively participating in community sports development activities. The basic problems identified by this research were unfavorable environment, shortage of infrastructure, lack of allied facilities, poor promotional campaigns, poor knowledge campaigns and poor management. The study identified the following best practices that could be adopted to promote and develop community sport in Ulaanbaatar city: effective and cooperative management, prize money and incentives for participants, incorporating fun as well as competition during activities, ease of access to sports facilities, equipping sports infrastructure with modern technology, training facilities provision, supplying detailed information of the activity, event environment, and increasing the involvement of educational institutions.

Community Business as an approach of Community Development in Nepal Marginalized area : A case study in Baidepani Village in Chitwan District

Jeong-Hwa Lee 한동대학교 국제개발협력대학원 2018 국내석사

The objective of this study is to explore the method for applying community business in marginalized areas of Nepal. The paper conducted the expert interviews with NGO officials and a case study based on the SLEN model. It was to suggest the following application methods based on the results of the research. First, educations on motivation through experiential learning activities, sustainable agricultural education, and business education based on link with the market should be combined together for empowerment of human resources. Furthermore, education continues to promote sharing of knowledge through local resource persons, not to concentrate on specific individuals and groups. Second, an institutional system that aid agency supports business activities as a sub-actor when the financial planning and capital preparation are preceded by resident is necessary to encourage the community-driven activities. Third, community interaction and cohesiveness should be promoted through community activities generated by inside or outside actors such as projects with common goals and regular meetings. Fourth, it is necessary to utilize local resources in consideration of food security and sustainable ecological environment, and intensively develop long-term sustainable crops or processing methods considering the geographical limitations of marginalized areas. Fifth, a facilitator is needed to solve the problem of unequal distribution structure in the marginalized area and to support a cooperative relationship with the outside. Sixth, redistribution plans and ultimate purpose considering both profitability and public interest should be agreed and shared with community member in advance in order to ultimate goal of community development, a community where everyone lives well together. This study suggests an alternative method of community business as a development strategy for Nepal marginalized area in a holistic perspective. 본 연구는 네팔 소외 지역이 지역공동체발전을 위한 커뮤니티 비즈니스를 적용하기 위해 필요한 요인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 SLEN 모델을 기반으로 한 전문가 심층면접과 사례조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과에 근거하여 다음과 같은 적용 방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 지역의 인적자원을 키우기 위해서, 체험활동을 통한 동기부여 교육, 지속가능한 농촌 환경 조성을 위한 농업교육, 시장과의 연계활동을 기반으로 한 비즈니스 교육이 동반되어야 한다. 또한 교육이 특정 개인 또는 집단에 집중되지 않도록, 지역 인적자원을 통한 지식공유 촉진 과정이 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 지역공동체의 주체적인 활동이 일어날 수 있도록, 주민 스스로의 재정 계획과 자기자본마련 등이 전제되었을 때 원조기관이 사업 보조 활동을 진행하는 제도적인 시스템이 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, 지역내외에서 추진하는 공동목표를 가진 사업이나 정기적인 회의 등을 통해 활발한 상호작용과 내부결속력을 촉진하여야 한다. 넷째, 식량안보와 지속가능한 생태환경을 고려한 자원활용방안이 추진되어야 하며, 특히 소외지역의 지리적 한계를 고려하여 장기간 보존 가능한 작물 또는 가공법을 집중 개발해야 한다. 다섯째, 소외 지역이 가지고 있는 불평등한 유통구조의 문제를 해결하고, 외부와의 주체적인 협력 관계를 지원해줄 수 있는 촉진자가 필요하다. 여섯째, 커뮤니티 비즈니스가 궁극적으로 지향하는 지역공동체발전이라는 목표에 도달할 수 있도록 수익성과 공익성을 모두 고려한 재분배 방안과 목적의식이 반드시 사전에 합의, 공유되어야 한다. 이 연구는 지금까지 경제적 효용에 초점을 맞추었던 발전전략에서 벗어나 총체적 관점에서 지역공동체발전을 이끌기 위해 고려해야 하는 요인들에 대한 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

The Role Of Community Based Organizations For Community Development

Andualem Fekadu Assamenew 韓國外國語大學校 國際地域大學院 2015 국내석사

This explanatory case study discusses the developmental role of community based organizations in Ethiopia. Among the existing community based organizations in Ethiopia, the researcher selected funeral associations (Iddirs) to examine their capacity to engage in community development activities in accordance with their customary roles. In order to find out, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the representatives of different iddirs. Accordingly the researcher found out that over one hundred iddirs are engaged in development activities forming one big alliance of iddirs while maintaining their customary role individually. The research investigated the administrative and financial capacities of iddirs that are member of the umbrella organization. The research found out that the studied iddirs that are member of the umbrella organization have administrative capacity that enables them to involve in different developmental activities. The study also found out that the majority of iddirs in Addis Ababa has weak administrative capacity. This kind of difference is due to access of support, professional guidance and unity. Based on this information the research comes to the conclusion that iddirs would have administrative capacity if they received appropriate support from external development agencies. Regarding the financial capacity, iddirs have limited activity on additional income generation activities. Due to their limited access to income, many iddirs face financial scarcity. However, the studied iddirs managed to provide different support for their members and participate in different development activities both individually and in group. The research found out that the umbrella organization of iddirs is delivering different development service for the disadvantaged grass-roots level of the community. It also motivates and support member iddirs to engage in development activities. Therefore the study concluded that despite the financial limitations of iddirs, the collaboration of iddirs under one organized union is a viable way to involve in community development. Finally, the research suggests that the government has the responsibility to cultivate and nurture the participation of iddirs alliance in development activities through facilitating the means to improve their financial capacity and become self-reliant community based development agency. The government should also link them with international donor agencies, so they could work in cooperation with them.

(A) case study of community development projects in Tigray, Ethiopia

도영아 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2020 국내박사

에티오피아를 포함한 다양한 아프리카 국가들이 긍정적인 경제성장을 기록했지만, 모든 문제를 해결하거나 모든 지역사회, 특히 농촌 지역사회가 긍정적인 성과를 달성할 만큼 충분하거나 포괄적인 개발은 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 지역개발 프로젝트의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 바, 본 연구는 사례연구 방식으로 에티오피아 티그라이 지역에서 시행된 세개의 지역개발 프로젝트를 유사한 세가지 지역개발 모델과 접목하여 지속가능한 생계형 프레임워크(SLF)에 따라 분석해 보았다. 동 세개의 마을 프로젝트는 같은 환경을 가진 인근지역에서 추진한 사업으로 그 성과 또한 다르므로 비교 분석을 통해 향후 지역개발 사업의 성공적인 수행에 필요한 점검 목록 제언을 하고자 한다 이 연구의 목적은 이론적이고 실질적으로 각각 다른 세개의 지역개발 프로젝트를 최근 5년간의 데이터를 활용하여 질적연구 방법으로 진행하였다. 먼저 마을 및 프로젝트에 대한 이야기를 Storytelling식으로 서술하고 마을에서 시행되었던 프로젝트 요소들은 지속가능성을 위해 SLF의 다섯가지 자산(5 Assets), 전략과 성과로 나누어 분석을 하였다. 첫째, 코라로 프로젝트의 경우, 접근방식은 빅푸쉬 모델을 기반으로 한 하향식이었으며, 커뮤니티의 참여 없이 전문가들의 아이디어와 자문으로 프로젝트가 기획, 설계 및 구현되어 투자가 이루어졌다. 또한 프로젝트의 모든 단계에서 지역사회를 참여시키지 못한 점, 특히 프로젝트 성과를 지속적으로 운영하고 관리할 지역사회 기반 기관의 부재는 프로젝트의 작은 긍정적인 결과까지 훼손시켰다 결과는 부정적이고 지속가능하지 않았다. 둘째, 아브레하 아츠베하 프로젝트의 경우, 접근방식이 그라스루트 지역개발 모델을 기반으로 한 상향식이고, 지역사회의 요구를 파악하여 투자 우선순위를 설정하였다. 접근 방식은 지역사회 기반, 참여형, 통합형 및 민첩한 구현이었다. 결과는 긍정적이고 지속가능했다. 셋째, 마이막덴과 아디스 알렘의 경우, 하향식 접근법과 함께 상향식 접근법을 통합한 새마을운동을 뱐치마킹하였으나 실질적으로 대중 참여가 제대로 이루어지지 못하였으며, 이것이 마이막덴과과 아디스 알렘에서 부정적이고 지속 가능하지 못한 결과의 주요 요인이 되었다. 한국에서 SMU의 성공을 위해 필수적인 '국가-지역사회 시너지'는 막이막덴과 아디스 알렘의 현장에는 존재하지 않았고, 지역사회의 참여도 소극적이였으며, 우선순위가 없는 사업추진과 일부 프로젝트 자원의 경우 엘리트층의 점유, 특정 장비 불용 등의 결과를 낳았다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 지역개발 프로젝트의 성공은 다양한 요인에 달려 있다는 것을 보여 주었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 지역개발 프로젝트를 설계하고 시행할 때 다음과 같은 점검 목록을 제시한다. *첫째, 프로젝트가 구성원에 의해 인지된 커뮤니티의 실제 요구에 부응하고 프로젝트의 계획, 실현 및 모니터링에 지역사회가 완전하고 능동적으로 참여하도록 보장한다. 둘째, 지역사회 구성원이 스스로 함께 참여하고 지역 자원이 공통의 목표를 달성하기 위해 동원되는지 확인한다. 셋째, 지역사회가 지역 및 중앙 정부로부터 필요한 재정 및 기술 지원을 받도록 하고, 지방 정부 구조가 지역사회의 요구에 부응하도록 한다. 넷째, 프로젝트 결과가 지역 자원을 통해 유지될 수 있는지 확인하고, 결과를 지속할 수 있는 주인의식을 구축한다. 결과를 유지하기 위해서는 프로젝트의 설계와 구현이 민첩한 구현 시스템을 따라야 하며, 그 과정에서 커뮤니티가 학습하고 정부 서비스와 정책이 피드백으로부터 강화되도록 하는 것이 필수적이다. 향후 지역개발 사업 추진시 동 점검목록을 통해 사업추진이 성공적으로 이루어진다면 본 연구 논문의 의의가 있을 것 같다. Even though many African countries, including Ethiopia, have shown positive economic growth, such development has not been sufficient or inclusive enough to reach out to all communities, particularly rural communities, and has not managed to empower such communities to overcome the complex development challenges they face. Therefore, the importance of community development project is increasing. This study analyzes three community development projects implemented in Tigray region of Ethiopia based on the criteria defined in the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF). These projects were implemented in neighboring areas with the same environment, and the results were very different. Thus, this study aims to suggest a checklist for successful implementation of future community development projects through comparative analysis. The study uses theoretical and practical qualitative research methods using data from the last five years of three community development projects. The story of the village and the project was first described in a storytelling manner, and the elements of each project were analyzed based on 5 assets, strategies, and outcomes of the SLF to evaluate the sustainability of the project. Firstly, the Koraro project used top-down approach based on the big push model (BPM), which relied on experts’ ideas and advice without involving the community in identifying problems, designing interventions, implementing activities, and monitoring outcomes. The absence of community participation in every stage and a community-based institution to follow up and sustain project outcomes has undermined the sustainability of the positive outcomes of the project. Secondly, Abreha-Atsbeha project using the Grassroots Community Development Model (GCDM), defined the needs of the community and prioritized investment of resources based on the needs. This approach was community-based, participatory, integrated, and led to agile implementation. The results were positive and sustainable. Thirdly, Maymekden and Addis Alem project benchmarked Saemaul Undong (SMU) from Republic of Korea which combined top-down and bottom-up approaches. However, meaningful community participation was not made, which resulted in negative and unsustainable outcomes. The 'state-community synergy' that was vital for the success of SMU in Korea was absent in Maymekden and Addis Alem projects and community participation was almost non-existent, resulting in non-priority interventions, elite capture of some project resources and disuse of specific equipment. Therefore, the results of this study show that the success of community development projects depends on various factors. Based on these results, this study suggests the following checklist for designing and implementing community development projects. First, ensure that the project responds to the actual needs of the community as identified by its members and ensure full and active community participation in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of projects; Second, ensure that community members are mobilized to work together and local resources are mobilized to achieve common goals; Third, ensure the community receives the necessary financial and technical support from local, regional, and central governments and ensure local government structures are responsive to the needs of the community; Fourth, ensure that project outcomes can be sustained through local resources and build a sense of ownership to sustain outcomes. To sustain the outcomes, it is essential that the design and implementation of projects follow the agile implementation system, the community learns in the process, and the government service and policies strengthen from the feedback. If future development projects are successfully carried out using the proposed checklist, this study will have meaningful impacts on development actors.

Community Development: A Case Study of Saemaul Undong

조한경 고려대학교 국제대학원 2011 국내석사

The objective of this thesis is to examine if Saemaul Undong (the New Village Movement), a rural development movement in Korea can be a case of community development approach and if so, how the movement presents characteristics of the approach. Community development approach has had historical background and practices since 1950s in the field of social work as well as of international development. The approach draws attention of international society to itself as it promotes recipients’ participation and empowerment. This thesis argues that one of the cases that contain assets of community development approach can be found in Korea’s rural community development experience. Saemaul Undong exhibits assets of community development in that it aims to promote people’s involvement in planning process and execution and to foster self-help spirit as a cornerstone for community cooperation. This thesis explores core building blocks of community development that are community, empowerment, and participation and three community development models including locality development (self-help), social planning (technical assistance), and social action (conflict). Those are to be applied to the analysis of Saemaul Undong as a framework. It is found that the mechanism of the movement (government initiated bottom-up approach and villages’ share of project funds) and contents of it (building infrastructure, improving living environment and spiritual education) are in line with what community development approach pursues to empower community through participation. The finding of the study is that the case of Saemaul Undong corresponds with the philosophies and practices of community development approach.

(The) role of social capital in sustainable community development : the case of the Wonju cooperative

Jung, Yong Shi 고려대학교 국제대학원 2011 국내석사

Sustainable development, despite a long-standing debate over its concept, has emerged as the crux of the recent global challenges. This thesis strives to identify core components and modes of sustainable development based upon reviewing various literatures. With these core components, the thesis attempts to shift the existing paradigm of sustainable development into a new one: "Sustainable Community Development (SCD),” emphasizing community as a storage that has accumulated diverse human life over the course of its history. With this notion, this thesis examines three hypotheses of SCD which fixate temporal and spatial continuity into the frame of community: SCD, within a series of time and space, is a useful framework to 1) observe the three pillars of sustainable development in an integrative fashion, 2) analyze governance mechanisms of stakeholders constituting networks, and 3) make a visible change through collective actions of the stakeholders. To explore the validity of SCD, the thesis analyzes the case of the Wonju Co-operative movement in South Korea. For this purpose, social capital is employed as a tool. As a result of the analysis, the Wonju case reveals that a holistic community-based approach toward sustainable development benefits a community by building participatory governance in a Social Value Cluster. In conclusion, the SCD framework offers an effective means to identify and achieve sustainable development in the spatial-temporal frame of community. SCD also implies a strategic model of community-driven development with emphasis on social capital formation through empowerment.

(The) Impacts of Community Participation on the Performance of Rural Development Cooperation Project : an Empirical Study on the Saemaul Undong Project in Myanmar

이승원 경희대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

There have been reflections that poverty eradication cannot be achieved through the continued expansion of existing development cooperation programs. As a result, the need for active participation of beneficiary country and communities has emerged. The participation of local communities and residents, who are the direct beneficiaries and subjects of development cooperation projects, was discussed as both a means and an end to project implementation and as an essential success factor of the project. The community participation is more effective in agriculture and rural development than in other areas of development cooperation. With half of the world's population living in rural areas, most of them in developing countries, rural community development is one of the most critical areas for achieving the SDGs aimed at inclusive development. Therefore, there has been a sustained interest in the impacts of community participation on the performance of rural development cooperation projects. While the pros and cons of beneficiary community participation continue to be debated, many studies have found that development projects are more effective when communities are involved in the project implementation process. While theoretical discussions on the impact of community participation in international development cooperation projects continue, empirical research on this topic is relatively scarce. This research aims to contribute to fill this gap between theoretical and empirical research. Existing empirical studies have focused on community participation primarily in terms of 'financial contributions'. However, this study considers the various types of rural development cooperation projects and breaks the community participation into participatory activities, in-kind contributions, and financial contributions. This study examines the relationship between community participation and project performance evaluation through the following three hypotheses: First, the participatory activities of community will have a positive impact on the rural development cooperation project performance. Second, the in-kind contributions of community will have a positive impact on the rural development cooperation project performance. Third, the financial contributions of the community will have a positive impact on the rural development cooperation project performance. To verify these three hypotheses, this empirical study conducted a multiple regression analysis on the project data of community participation and project performance evaluation from 100 pilot communities in 9 States and Regions of the Myanmar Saemaul Undong (SMU) project. In addition, difference analysis by the general characteristics of the sample communities was conducted to select control variables to be included in the multiple regression model, and to analyze their implications for community participation and project performance variables. The results show that community meeting, community training, and publicity of communities’ participatory actions have a positive impact on the project performance. Among communities' financial contributions, the operation of the community fund generating increment, which was conducted as an income generation project, had a positive impact on project performance. Among the characteristics of the pilot communities in the sample, there were significant differences in project performance results depending on State and Region groups. On the other hand, the second hypothesis that in-kind contributions have a positive effect on rural development project performance is rejected. This can be attributed to the different development conditions and needs of the 100 pilot communities, which were selected to be representative of the characteristics of communities across Myanmar. This result suggests that the amount of in-kind contributions alone is not a good enough indicator of the level of community participation and calls for further research to develop a complementary index. This study was conducted as an empirical study of the Myanmar SMU project, and the applicability of the findings to the entire field of rural development cooperation or other fields should be tested in future research.

韓國 基督敎會가 地域社會開發에 미치는 影響에 關한 實證的 硏究 : 서울市 九老區 地域을 中心으로

김윤성 明知大學校 社會敎育大學院 1995 국내석사

With the rapid growth of Korea economy in 1970s, qualitative and quantitative growth of Korean churches were unprecedented in the world christian history. As a result, the role of churches has been expected in participation of community development projects. But, unlikely this expectation, Korean churches have focused on surface growth (expansion of facilities in some local churches), they seem not really concern with the life of people by means of true gospel mission. If these quantative growths were only sustained for church itself, it is certain that churches forget their essential mission. Therefore, as a restart of Korean churches, it is requested that they must be participate in community development projects. Also, Korean churches as a member of local society, must make a new value and they must develop active mission and services to the community. A purpose of this thesis lie in four aspects. First, we prove theoretically and actually that Korean churches and community have a close relationship. Second, we examine the due course of the growth of community and Korean churches. Third, we survey that Korean churches have influenced on community development and forth, we suggest that Korean churches must be improved in action for the community. About this actual situation of Korean churches, we can point out that the major fulfillment of Korean churches is active participation in society, as a member of society who are co-members with other communities, especially for community development. In participation of the community development, churches must use all their resources and they must realize their real functional role. Christianity as a powerful religion in Korea, have to endeavor to develop community which is located nearly by their churches. From this point of view, the influence of Korean churches on community development can be summarized as follows. The reasons why the churches participate in community development are analyzed the results are benefit(52.9%) and churches insufficient to develop community development little consent(50.4%). On development activities in community, not active(50.4%) is shown. And in close connection of churches and community, shows that they are much related with each other(36.4%). The attitude of church on development of community must be active(50.1%), the participation of local people in churches events needed(43.4%) while, what is desirable for the development of community, the subjective role of churches emphasized 43.8%). The way of church management for community development appeared that there is no conversation and intimacy (51.8%). The budget of churches is little paid for development for community (52.1%). The payment of the budget of the churches is almost used the cost of maintenance for churches (54.6%), churches is influenced on development of local society(51.3%) and in the prospects for community development there is a little expectation(47.9%) resulted. The reason why the churches don't participate in community development are as follows the insufficient budget is the professional intellectuals reluctant, religious workers less involvement in community development programs and the churches have no interest in community development. Furthermore, the problems of church which must be quickly solved appeared that churches must perform the their essential mission and they must have positive concerns about community. They have to open their facilities to the community and they must have development programs ,and so forth. Finally for community development it is important for the churches to operate the result-school, the counseling room, youth programs and nursery, and so on.

觀光開發이 地域社會開發에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

김천주 경희대학교 경영대학원 1987 국내석사

(A) study on community participation in community-based ecotourism : a case of Chi Phat, Cambodia

Sarin Chhoeurn The University of Seoul 2018 국내석사

This research aims to improve the community livelihoods through community stakeholders’ participation and development of community economies to secure effective management and stimulate the sustainability of Chi Phat CBET. Moreover, it is mainly focused on the barriers to the participation of community and key stakeholders in CBET development, especially the interaction with the private sectors. The community-based ecotourism can contribute to achieving sustainable CBET development through five factors such as 1) sustainable principles of ecotourism, 2) local community involvement of ecotourism, 3) sustainable CBET development stakeholders, 4) equitable community benefits sharing, and lastly 5) CBET business sustainability. The main conclusion of this study in the future is to develop the community economies in order to allow the local residents to mobilize and build CBET assets including products and services, especially the resources of nature and culture to enhance the community well-being and improve the local livelihoods in a sustainable way that the community leaders have a clear vision of where community needs and wants to be, and what products and services should be more creative. The products and services as well as cultural and natural resources of CBET assets are contributed to the community economic well-being. Moreover, the local communities have opportunities to get involved in the natural and cultural conservation through generating jobs and incomes in order to maintain the community hygiene, natural environment, as well as community facilities. These are necessitated to ensure the equitable benefits distribution to all community members for long-term sustainability. Keywords: Community-based Ecotourism, Sustainable Ecotourism Development, Stakeholders of CBET Participation, and Community Economic Development. 본 연구의 목표는 지역사회 및 주요 이해관계자 참여와 지역 경제 발전을 통해 치 팟(Chi Phat) 지역의 CBET(Community-based Ecotourism; 지역사회 기반의 생태 관광)를 효율적으로 관리하고, 지속가능성을 촉진시킴으로써 지역사회의 생계환경을 개선하는 것이다. 본 연구는 또한 민간부문과의 상호작용과 관련하여 CBET 개발에 참여하고 있는 지역사회와 주요 이해관계자들 사이의 벽에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 지역사회 기반의 생태 관광은 다음 다섯 가지 요소를 통해 지속가능한 CBET 개발에 기여할 수 있다. (1) 지속가능한 생태관광의 원칙, (2) 생태관광에 대한 지역사회의 참여, (3) 지속가능한 CBET 개발의 이해관계자, (4) 공정한 혜택의 공유, (5) CBET 비즈니스의 지속가능성 본 논문의 주요 결론은 지역사회의 복지를 증진시키고, 지역 생계를 지속가능한 방식으로 향상시킬 수 있도록 하기 위해서는, 지역 주민들이 상품 및 서비스, 특히 자연 자원과 문화 자원과 같은 CBET 자산을 활용, 생산할 수 있는 지역 경제를 개발해야 한다는 것이다. 그러기 위해서는 지역사회의 지도자는 지역사회가 필요로 하는 바와 어떤 창의적인 상품과 서비스를 개발해야 하는지에 대해 명확한 비전을 갖고 있어야 한다. 문화자원·자연자원, 상품·서비스 등의 CBET 자산은 지역사회의 경제에 기여한다. 또한, 지역사회는 자연 및 문화의 보존에 참여할 수 있는 기회를 얻을 수 있으며, 일자리와 소득의 창출하고, 지역사회의 위생, 자연 환경, 시설을 유지하기 할 수 있게 된다. 이는 장기적인 지속가능성과 모든 지역 사회 구성원에게 이익이 공평하게 분배되도록 하기 위해서는 필수적이다. 주요 용어: CBET(Community-based Ecotourism: 지역사회 기반의 생태 관광), 지속가능한 생태 관광 개발, CBET 이해관계자, 지역사회 경제 개발