Characteristics and Typology of Ethnic Housing Based on Spatial Configuration in Vietnamese Mekong Delta

팜피 푸엉 전남대학교 2022 국내박사

This study aims to investigate characteristics and typology of ethnic housing in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VNMD) based on the spatial configuration. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, fundamental theories for analysis of spatial configuration, including space syntax approach and genotype and its application in architecture are briefly presented. The brief outlines show that the space syntax approach could provide an efficient tool for analyzing spatial features and genotypes of housing. Secondly, a comprehensive survey on housing along the Mekong River in Vietnam was conducted from 2017-2020 to examine the architectural characteristics of local housing. Among various house styles, the ethnic housings of Kinh, Cham, and Khmer people, which have the primary effects on housing design, are selected as representative samples for analyzing spatial configuration. Also, the socio-culture, a primary factor affecting housing development, is selected as a criterion for analyzing architectural features. Thirdly, the physical characteristics of collected housing samples in VNMD are discussed corresponding with socio-cultural aspects and natural conditions to find similar architectural features. Moreover, the spatial configuration of housing samples is investigated using the space syntax method to find the general rules in spatial layout. Lastly, similar architectural features of three ethnic housing are used as a valuable reference for the design of site planning and building form. In addition, from the syntactic analysis, the spatial genotypes were found repeatedly in examined samples of three ethnic housing. Moreover, based on the generic rules of spaces, twenty-six spatial phenotypes are created, in which, thirteen spatial phenotypes are proposed to be used as standard models for housing design. Furthermore, to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed housing models, the P-value of ANOVA is utilized to evaluate the correlation coefficient level among thirteen housing models. With a relatively small value of P-value (0.0026), the proposed housing models are applicable for housing design in VNMD. 본 연구의 목적은 공간적 구성을 기반으로 베트남 메콩 삼각주(Vietnamese Mekong Delta-VNMD)에 거주하는 소수민족 주택의 특성과 유형학에 대해서 조사한 것이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 다음과 같은 연구 단계들을 수행하였다. 먼저 공간구문론(Space syntax and Genotype)을 포함한 공간 구성 분석을 위해서 기본적인 이론과 건축에서의 적용하는 방법을 제시하였다. 해당 분석을 통해 Space syntax이 주택의 공간적 특징과 유전자형을 분석할 때 효율적인 도구임을 보여줬다. 둘째, 2017년부터 2020년까지 베트남 메콩강변 주택종합조사를 실시하여 지역주택의 건축적 특성을 조사하였다. 다양한 주택 스타일 중에서, 주택 디자인에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 Kinh, Cham, Khmer 민족의 주택을 공간 구성 분석을 위한 대표적인 표본으로 선정하였다. 또한 주택 개발에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인 사회문화를 건축적 특징을 분석하는 기준으로 삼았다. 셋째, 유사한 건축적 특징을 찾기 위해 VNMD에서 수집된 주택 샘플의 물리적인 특성을 사회 문화적 측면과 자연 조건을 고려하여 논의하였다. 그 다음에, 공간 구성의 일반적인 규칙을 찾기 위해 space syntax 방법을 사용하여 민족주택의 공간 구성을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 Kinh, Cham, Khmer 민족주택의 유사한 건축적 특징을 확인했다. 비교분석 결과는 부지 계획 및 건축 형태의 설계에 귀중한 참고 자료로 사용될 수 있는 것으로 기대된다. 그 이유는 연구결과 space syntax 분석을 통해 세 민족 주택의 조사된 표본에서 공간적 유전자형이 반복적으로 발견되었기 때문이다. 공간의 일반적인 규칙에 기초하여 26개의 공간 표현형이 생성되었고, 이 중 13개의 공간 표현형이 주택 설계의 표준모델로 쓸 수 있음을 확인되었다. 제안된 주택 모델의 타당성을 평가하기 위해 ANOVA의 P-값을 활용하여 13개의 주택 모델 간의 상관계수 수준을 평가하였다. 상대적으로 작은 P-값(0.0026)으로 제안된 주택 모델은 VNMD의 주택 설계에 충분히 적용할 수 있음을 판단된다.

Wood Quality Evaluation of Compression, Lateral, and Opposite Woods

Byantara Darsan Purusatama 강원대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

Compression wood (CW) is an undesirable raw material in the wood industry due to the abnormalities in anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, there is still a lack of comparative studies on wood qualities between compression, lateral (LW) and opposite woods (OW). Therefore, the wood quality of CW, LW, and OW in a stem wood from temperate and tropical conifers were investigated and compared to provide valuable information on wood quality. Chapter 1 introduces the research background and literature reviews on the anatomical characteristics, crystalline characteristic, physical and mechanical properties, and fracture morphology of CW, LW and OW. In chapter 2, the anatomical characteristics in the qualitative and quantitative aspects of CW, LW, and OW in the stem wood of Ginkgo biloba were investigated and compared. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the anatomical characteristics of CW, LW, and OW. Moreover, the crystalline characteristics were carried out with an X-ray diffractometry. CW showed distinctive anatomical characteristics to LW and OW, while LW and OW had similar anatomical characteristics. CW showed the smallest relative crystallinity, and LW had slightly higher relative crystallinity than OW. In chapter 3, the anatomical characteristics of CW, LW, and OW from Sumatran pine and Agathis were investigated and compared. In both species, CW showed distinctive anatomical characteristics to LW and OW, while LW and OW mostly showed similar anatomical characteristics. CW significantly showed distinctively different relative crystallinity from LW and OW in both species, while the crystal width of CW was similar with LW and OW in Sumatran pine and smaller in Agathis. In chapter 4, the anatomical characteristics of CW were observed and compared with those of LW and OW in Korean red pine. The cross-field pitting characteristics were observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. MFAs of CW, LW, and OW were carried out with the iodine staining method and optical microscopy. Crystalline characteristics and the chemical compound were observed by using the X-ray diffractometry and FT-IR spectrometry. The cross-field pitting characteristics of CW from Korean red pine were significantly different from those of LW and OW. MFA in CW was significantly greater than in LW and OW, while OW had the smallest MFA. Relative crystallinity and crystal width of CW were significantly lower than those of LW and OW, while OW had the highest value. CW and LW in the juvenile wood showed higher peaks specified to the lignin component, while OW had higher peaks corresponding to the carbohydrates component. In mature wood, CW showed higher peaks representing the lignin component, while the OW and LW showed more significant carbohydrate peaks. In chapter 5, the physical and mechanical properties of CW was investigated and compared with those of LW and OW in Pinus merkusii and Agathis loranthifolia. The physical and mechanical properties were performed according to the Korean standard. CW showed the highest green density, oven-dry density, and longitudinal shrinkage and the smallest GMC, radial, tangential, and volumetric shrinkages. LW and OW showed a similarity in the GMC, radial, tangential shrinkages, and volumetric shrinkage. LW had a higher longitudinal shrinkage than OW. CW of both species showed the highest compressive strength, shear strength, while LW had similar shear strength to those of OW. The compressive strength of OW was slightly higher than that of LW. In chapter 6, hardness and the fracture morphology of CW, LW, and OW in Pinus merkusii and Agathis loranthifolia were investigated and compared. The hardness test was performed according to Korean standard and the fracture morphology was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. CW had higher hardness than LW and OW, while LW and OW mostly showed similar. The hardness fracture morphology of CW showed distinctive difference with those of LW and OW. LW and OW showed similar hardness fracture morphology.

온라인 쇼핑몰의 고객 총성도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 한국-중국 비교

LI JING 부경대학교 2021 국내석사

This study aimed at consumers who used Internet shopping as a sample, and conducted a survey through the questionnaire app / direct access. The questionnaire was composed of general status, product characteristics, service quality characteristics, post management, consumer characteristics, and customer loyalty. As the influence factors of customer loyalty, This study researched whether product characteristics, service quality characteristics, post-management characteristics, and consumer characteristics would affect customer loyalty. First, product quality and product price were product characteristics, responsiveness and reliability were service quality characteristics, product distribution and use education were post-management, and sns dependence and consumer emotion were effective for consumers. Second, Chinese online shopping market has not yet confirmed the product characteristics, the reliability of the service quality characteristics, the product education in the later management, and the sns dependence of the consumer characteristics. These factors had no significant impact on customer loyalty. Korean online shopping market has not yet confirmed the product price, the later management, and the sns dependence of consumer characteristics, these factors had insignificant influence on customer loyalty.

Optoelectronic characteristics of MoS2 phototransistors with organic or van der Waals heterostructures

박진수 서울대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

본 학위 논문에서는 이황화 몰리브덴 포토트랜지스터의 광 전자적 특성에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 박사 학위 과정에서 2차원 물질 기반의 포토 트랜지스터의 광 전자적 특성을 주로 탐구하였다. 2차원 물질은 원자스케일의 얇은 두께로 인해 많은 빛의 양을 흡수할 수 없고 상당히 큰 엑시톤 결합 에너지를 가지고 있다. 이 두 요인은 2차원 물질 기반의 광 검출기의 광 반응성을 억제시킨다. 그러나 포토 트랜지스터는 드래인 전압 및 게이트 전압을 이용해서 광 특성을 증폭시킬 수 있는 구조이기 때문에, 2차원 물질 기반의 포토 트랜지스터의 광 전자적 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 학위 논문의 2장에서는 이황화 몰리브덴 포토트랜지스터의 광 특성 향상시키는 연구를 소개한다. 이황화 몰리브덴 표면에 유기물질을 이용한 표면처리로 광 반응성과 광 스위칭 특성을 개선시킬 수 있었다. 광 전자적 특성 성능향상을 위한 연구뿐만 아니라, 이차원 물질의 본질적인 광 전자적 특성에 대해서 연구를 수행하였다. 본 학위 논문의 3장에서는 반데르발스 헤테로 구조를 이용하여 제작한 완전히 투명한 이황화 몰리브덴 포토트랜지스터의 본연의 광 전자적 특성을 설명하였다. 4장에서는 이황화 몰리브덴 뿐만 아니라, 홀 도핑이 텅스텐 디셀레나이드 기반의 포토트랜지스터의 광전자 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 요약하였다. 광 전자적 성능을 증폭하기 위해서 외부 전기장을 이용하는 포토트랜지스터의 구조적 특성 때문에, 강한 전기장 내에서의 전기적 그리고 광 전자적 특성에 대해서 연구를 수행하였다. 이황화 몰리브덴 트랜지스터가 강한 전기장 내에서 어떤 전기적 특성이 나타나는지에 대해 연구를 수행했고 흥미로운 현상들을 발견했다. 5장과 6장에서는 강한 전기장 내에서 발생하는 애벌런치 항복 현상과 이차원 물질과 기판사이에서의 전자 트랩현상에 대해서 설명하였다. In this thesis, the optoelectronic characteristics of MoS2 phototransistors are mainly studied. The major reason of exploring the optoelectronic characteristics of 2D materials-based phototransistors, not of photodiodes, during my doctorate course is because 2D materials cannot absorb significant amount of light and they have considerably high exciton binding energy, originating from their atomically thin thickness. These features suppress the optoelectronic performance in the perspective of 2D materials-based photodetectors. However, the phototransistor can amplify the photodetection capability by employing the external electric fields, such as drain-source voltage and gate-source voltage. After introduction of my thesis work in Chapter 1, in Chapter 2 I will summarize a research result of improving photosensitivity of MoS2 phototransistors conducted in 2014 as my first research topic. I demonstrated that a surface treatment with organic materials on MoS2 could improve the photoresponsivity and photoswitching characteristics. In addition to the exploration for improving optoelectronic performance, I became interested in the intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of 2D materials during my doctorate course. In Chapter 3, I summarize the intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of fully transparent MoS2 phototransistors employing a van der Waals heterostructure. And, in Chapter 4, the effects of p-doping on optoelectronic characteristics of WSe2 phototransistors are explained. Because of the nature of phototransistors using external electric fields for amplifying the optoelectronic performance, I studied the electrical and optoelectronic phenomena of 2D-based phototransistors under the high electric fields. I have discovered the interesting electrical phenomena in MoS2 transistors under the high electric fields in the process of arranging for the experimental setup for studying optoelectronic characteristics. However, I could not finish this research on the optoelectronic characteristics under the high electric fields due to the insufficient time. I summarized the thickness-dependent avalanche breakdown phenomena and charge trapping dynamics under the high electric fields in Chapters 5 and 6.

Strength Characteristics of Fault Gouge and Behavior of Slope using Time History Analysis

Moon, Seong Woo 충북대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

Fault gouge, which is a very-fine-grained material that is produced by strong friction during faulting, consists of clayey materials and breccia, and possesses a low strength compared with the host rock because it has undergone intense crushing, weathering, and alteration. Fault gouge is heterogeneous because of variations in factors such as the pore distribution, breccia and clay mineral contents, shapes of breccia clasts, and the presence or absence of a foliation. Although fault gouge is considered a risk in many construction cases due to its low strength and heterogeneity, few studies have considered more than one or two of the factors mentioned above when assessing the mechanical properties of fault gouge. Furthermore, since dynamic analyses tend to focus on the building structure, few studies have considered the dynamic characteristics of ground materials such as fault gouge. To address this shortcoming, sampling, laboratory tests, and field surveys were conducted on fault gouge to measure its static and dynamic characteristics. Time history analysis was also performed to identify the behavior of a slope containing fault gouge. A total of 224 specimens were collected from 62 fault zones in Korea to measure the static characteristics of fault gouge. The specimens were first classified as granite, sedimentary rock, and volcanic rock according to the host rock type, and the unit weight, specific gravity, porosity, water content, particle distribution, composite mineral content, friction angle, and cohesion were measured via laboratory tests and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The measured static characteristics are shown as box-and-whisker plots, which illustrate the distribution ranges of the data, and the friction characteristics of fault gouge are compared with those of various rock types. Furthermore, simple regression and structural equation model analyses revealed that the dry unit weight, saturated unit weight, porosity, water content, breccia content, and clay content are the main factors affecting the friction angle of fault gouge. Multiple regression analysis was used to improve the reliability of the relationship between the influential factors and friction angle since simple regression analysis yields low R² values (0.123–0.463). The saturated unit weight, breccia content, and clay content were set as the independent variables, and a regression model of the friction angle indicated that each independent variable is statistically significant, with R² values up to 0.657. The methods for measuring P- and S-wave velocities were reviewed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of fault gouge, calculated from the P- and S-wave velocities. Ultrasonic tests employ a higher frequency source than in seismic surveys, which can reduce the accuracy of the measured data via scattering and attenuation losses in porous fault gouge. Borehole surveys, such as down-hole, up-hole, and cross-hole surveys, as well as suspension P-S (SPS) logging, measure the velocities of the surrounding rocks, including fault gouge. The measured velocities can also be somewhat high or low due to the borehole casing, which is installed to prevent the collapse of weak fault gouge in the borehole wall. Seismic survey using direct waves (hereafter abbreviated as seismic survey) and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) surveys were conducted on a trial basis to obtain the dynamic characteristics of fault gouge. The elastic wave velocities from the seismic survey are reliable based on the first arrival calculations, and the S-wave velocity was verified by identifying the polarity reversal. However, a low S-wave velocity was measured during the MASW survey since the analyzed surface wave was produced in a near-surface zone that contains different geological structures, such as cavities and faults, which lower the S-wave velocity. Various research studies on the dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) and static elastic modulus (Es) of different rock types were reviewed to compare the relationship between the dynamic and static elastic moduli of fault gouge, since Ed and Es follow either a linear or non-linear relationship in rocks. The Ed/Es ratio of granite is in the range 1.09–1.18, whereas the Ed/Es ratio of sedimentary rock is 1.09–4.55. Sedimentary rocks are known to have a wide range of Ed/Es ratios due to their bedding structures. The Ed/Es ratio of fault rock and fault gouge in granite is 1.22, whereas that in sedimentary rock is 5.08, with the variations in this ratio being controlled by the rock type. The reason for the higher Ed/Es ratio of the faulted rock and fault gouge in sedimentary rock compared to that in granite is because the Ed of fault gouge is large in sedimentary rock due to its high breccia content. Furthermore, the surrounding rock near the fault zone in sedimentary rock remains like soils and clays, resulting in a low Es value. A time history analysis, based on the finite element method, was performed to identify the behavior of a slope containing fault gouge during earthquakes. Modeling was conducted on in-situ slope that includes fault gouge zones, and the static and dynamic characteristics determined in Chapters 2 and 3 were applied as the mechanical properties of the surrounding rocks and fault gouge. Input seismic waves were obtained from earthquake data measured in Korea, with five earthquakes (M3.0, M3.9, M5.1, M5.4, M5.8) modeled to analyze the magnitude effects. First, the acceleration effects indicate a 50%–110% residual shear strain depending on the acceleration fluctuation within the coda wave section, which means that the coda wave section converged after the maximum acceleration was reached. This indicates that the permanent deformation due to the earthquake will remain because the ground is an elastic–plastic material. The magnitude effects also indicate that both the maximum shear stress and strain increase simultaneously as the magnitude increases, as the maximum acceleration tends to increase with increasing magnitude. However, both the cumulative and maximum accelerations should be considered when assessing slope stability since both the maximum shear stress and strain are affected by these two accelerations. Analysis of the presence or absence of fault gouge indicates that the shear strain could be concentrated on fault gouge, which is easily deformed or destroyed by shear strain. Therefore, the characteristics of fault gouge should be considered when slope analyses are conducted. 강한 마찰작용으로 생성되는 단층비지는 단층각력을 일부 포함하고 있는 점토물질로서 파쇄·풍화·변질 작용이 동반되기 때문에 주변 모암에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 강도를 가지고 있다. 또한, 단층비지는 공극의 분포, 각력 및 점토광물의 함량, 입자의 형태, 엽리 조직의 유무 등 다양한 요인에 의해 영향을 받으므로 매우 불균질한 특징을 보인다. 단층비지의 낮은 강도와 불균질성으로 인해 많은 시공사례에서 위험인자로서 분류되고 있지만, 여러 사례에서 단편적인 영향요인만 고려할 뿐 다양한 영향인자를 동시에 고려하여 단층비지의 역학적 특성을 연구한 사례는 미비하다. 또한, 지금까지 지진을 고려한 해석은 건축물의 내진 개념을 위주로 수행되었기 때문에 지반 구성물질의 동적특성에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않았으며, 지반에 분포하는 단층비지에 대한 동해석과 관련된 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 단층비지를 대상으로 샘플링, 실내시험 및 현장탐사를 수행하여, 다양한 영향인자를 고려한 단층물질의 역학적 특성 분석, 단층비지의 동적특성 산정, 단층비지를 포함한 비탈면의 시간이력해석을 수행하였으며, 각 장별로 수행한 내용과 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 단층비지의 정적특성을 측정하기 위해 한국에 분포하는 62개의 단층대로부터 총 224개의 시료를 채취하였다. 채취된 시료는 모암에 따라 화강암, 퇴적암, 화산암으로 분류되었으며, 이를 대상으로 물성시험, 직접전단시험, XRD 분석을 통해 단위중량, 비중, 공극률, 함수비, 입도분포, 구성광물 함량, 마찰각, 점착력 등을 측정하였다. 측정된 단층비지의 정적특성 분포는 수염상자그림(box-and-whisker plot)으로 나타냈으며, 암종별로 비교되었다. 또한, 정적특성들 중 마찰특성은 암반의 마찰특성과 비교되었으며, 분석 결과 암질이 불량해질수록(신선한 암반→단층비지) 마찰특성이 감소되는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 마찰각에 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악하기 위해 단순회귀분석과 구조방정식 모형분석을 수행하였으며, 분석 결과 건조단위중량, 포화단위중량, 공극률, 함수비, 각력함량, 점토함량이 마찰각에 대한 영향인자로 판단되었다. 그러나 단순회귀분석에서 각 영향인자들과 마찰각의 결정계수(R²)가 0.123∼0.463으로 낮기 때문에, 신뢰도를 개선한 마찰각 추정모델을 제안하기 위해 추가적으로 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 포화단위중량, 각력함량, 점토함량을 독립변수로 설정할 경우, 마찰각 추정 모델은 각 영향인자별 유의수준을 모두 만족하고, 동시에 R²도 0.657로 설명력이 증가된 것으로 분석된다. 단층비지의 동적특성을 파악하기 위해 P파와 S파 속도를 측정하는 실내시험 및 현장탐사들에 대하여 검토를 수행하였다. 실내 초음파 시험의 경우 현장 탐사에 비해 높은 주파수를 갖는 발신원(source)을 사용하기 때문에, 공극률이 큰 단층비지에서 산란 혹은 감쇠에 의해 측정값의 신뢰도가 낮아질 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 시추공을 이용한 검층방법(downhole, crosshole, uphole, SPS logging)은 단층비지를 포함한 주변지반의 속도까지 반영될 가능성이 높으며, 연약한 단층비지로 인한 시추공의 붕괴를 막기 위해 설치된 케이싱에 의해서 다소 높거나 낮게 평가될 수 있다. 따라서, 단층비지의 동적특성 산정을 위한 탐사는 3성분 지오폰을 이용한 탄성파 탐사와 MASW 탐사를 수행하였으며, 단층비지가 분포하는 현장 6곳을 대상으로 하여 각각의 결과를 비교·분석하였다. 3성분 지오폰을 이용한 탄성파 탐사에서는 P파와 S파의 속도가 신호의 초동으로 산정되며, S파의 경우에는 극성역전현상이 나타나는 것을 확인함으로서 신뢰도를 확보하였다. 그러나 MASW 탐사에서는 S파의 속도 값이 다소 낮게 측정되었는데, 이는 단층과 같이 이질적인 지질구조가 존재하는 지반에서 그라운드롤의 반사로 인해 속도가 낮아질 수 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 단층비지의 동적특성은 탄성파 탐사의 결과를 이용하였다. 흙이나 암석에서 동탄성계수(Ed)와 정탄성계수(Es)는 선형 내지 비선형의 관계를 보이므로, 단층비지의 탄성계수를 추정하는데 활용하고자 Ed와 Es에 대한 다양한 연구사례를 수집하여 비교·분석하였다. 암반의 Ed/Es는 화강암이 1.09∼1.18로 나타나는 반면 퇴적암에서는 1.09∼4.55까지 분포범위가 넓게 나타난다. 퇴적암 암반은 층리에 의한 영향으로 Ed/Es의 비가 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 한편, 단층암과 단층비지의 Ed/Es 관계에서도 화강암 단층의 Ed/Es는 1.22로 나타나지만 퇴적암 단층의 Ed/Es는 5.08로 매우 크게 나타나 암반에서의 결과와 유사한 것으로 나타난다. 퇴적암에서 단층비지와 단층암의 Ed/Es 비가 크게 나타나는 이유는 단층비지 내에 각력의 함량이 많아 화강암에 비해 Ed 값이 높고, 퇴적암 단층암 주변부는 대체로 토사화·점토화 되어 낮은 Es 값을 갖기 때문으로 판단된다. 지진 시 단층비지를 포함하고 있는 비탈면의 거동을 파악하기 위해 FEM을 이용한 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 단층비지를 포함하고 있는 실제 현장 비탈면을 대상으로 모델링을 수행하였고, 지반정수는 2장과 3장에서 결정한 정적 및 동적 특성을 적용하였다. 입력 지진파는 한국에서 실계측된 지진데이터를 이용하였으며, 규모에 따른 영향을 분석하기 위해 총 5개(M3.0, M3.9, M5.1, M5.4, M5.8)의 데이터를 적용하였다. 먼저, 지진가속도에 따른 영향을 보면, 최대 지진가속도가 도달한 이후 점차 수렴하는 Coda wave 구간에서 지진가속도 그래프의 양상에 따라 잔류/최대 전단변형률 비가 50∼110 %까지 나타났으며, 이는 지반이 탄소성체로서 지진과 같은 외력이 가해지면 영구변형이 남기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 지진 규모별 영향을 보면 대체로 지진규모가 증가할수록 최대지진가속도도 증가하여, 전단응력과 전단변형률이 같이 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 그러나 최대 전단응력과 전단변형률은 최대 지진가속도 뿐만 아니라 누적 지진가속도의 영향도 반영되므로 보수적으로 평가하기 위해서는 최대 지진가속도와 누적 지진가속도의 영향을 같이 검토해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 단층비지의 존재 유무에 대한 분석 결과 비탈면 내 단층비지는 전단변형률이 집중되는 것으로 분석된다. 본 연구의 분석 결과들은 단층비지가 그 자체로도 불균질성 및 낮은 강도특성으로 인해 안정성 측면에서 불리한 조건을 가지고 있으며, 지진과 같은 외력의 작용 시 변형률이 집중되어 쉽게 파괴·변형 될 수 있다는 것을 지시한다. 따라서, 공사 프로젝트에서 단층비지는 면밀히 조사되고 물리·역학적 특성이 규명되어 안정성 검토 시 반드시 고려되어야 할 인자로 판단된다.

(A) study on energy materials design for the interface characteristics ontrol

박지훈 Graduate School, Korea University 2012 국내박사

Material design for energy conversion and storage is one of the interesting research fields but it has still remained unsolved key issues. In this work we study three different applications of material design which are transparent electronic devices, proton exchange membrane fuel cells and lithium ion batteries. Here in our experimental range, heteroatoms doping and mixing of another chemical components are prepared by electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition system and plasma combined physical vapor deposition system, respectively. First, the conductive materials were fabricated based on atomic concentration control by employing the SnOx:M (M=Ga, Zn, Al and F) composite films in order to create the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) for electronic devices (EDs) and the bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as well. The electrical, optical and electrochemical properties of SnOx:M films for those applications were evaluated based on their interface characteristics. In the present study, the basic theory and experimental processing are investigated for the preparation of SnOx:M films. Second, a surface morphology control for bipolar plate of PEM fuel cells was arranged as protective layer to provide a high corrosion resistance and an excellent interfacial contact resistance under high acid environment. The component control of surface coating materials is closely related to the electrochemical characteristics for PEM fuel cells. The heteroatom inclusion into SnOx:M1 and C60:M2 composite film leads to a change in surface morphology and electrochemical properties caused by crystal lattice restructuring. The evaluation of the film characteristics is carried out by TEM, XPS, AES and RBS. Third, the deposition of active electrode materials is performed on the surface of copper current collector directly by using the plasma vacuum system and patterning of the electrode materials is also tried to design the interface structuring. Subsequently, investigation of surface morphological and structural properties of the doped C60 films as an anode electrode for lithium ion batteries is carried out with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and solid state magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance (MAG/NMR). The obtained electrochemical results revealed that the micro-patterned electrode prepared by the photolithography synthesis is one of the useful techniques to prepare the anode material for micro-lithium-ion batteries. Characteristics of aluminum doped C60 (fulleride) for electrical capacitance as well as film electrodes including the fabrication of electronic devices and electrochemical devices are also investigated. One of the great electrochemical achievements in the development of micro-lithium ion batteries is to concurrently complete high power density and electrical capacity at charge and discharge rates for fast translation of lithium ion. We show that the undoped C60 of fullerite and Al doped C60 of fulleride films can be used as an anode electrode for high rate capability and excellent stability for lithium ion batteries under high current density and fast charge-discharge conditions. A high reversible capacity of aluminum doped C60 film of 1680 mAhg-1 at a 6 Ag-1 can be quickly operated as charge and discharge of lithium ion in a fast time to several tens of seconds together with excellent electrical resistivity, stable mobility and high electrical capacity.

SNS특성이 공연예술소비자의 태도, 몰입, 지각된 가치와 고객만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

구은자 경희대학교 대학원 2016 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to use the consumers who searched for information on performing arts through SNS and saw performances as study subjects, to investigate the influential relations between SNS characteristics, and their attitude, commitment, perceived value, and satisfaction, and to provide practical data for performing arts groups and those concerned. SNS made a network expanded to a sharing environment where users produce and share information on web, and offered a space where individuals, organizations, and communities openly can communicate with each other. Now everyone can freely share their ideas and information and can communicate with each other (Nam Jeong-mi & Yoo Soh-ee, 2013). In the point that ordinary people can the main entity of contents production and distribution, SNS gives a new opportunity to those concerned with performing arts including employees and researchers (Seoh Woo-seok & Lee Ho-young, 2013). These days, more discussions have been made on SNS from the arts marketing point of view. In the market of performing arts, arts groups and organizations have fiercer competition to promote their work and secure viewers with high loyalty, and their marketing tools have been diversified. In the circumstance, without any strategic method for approaching consumers, it is hard to guarantee survival and growth. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the influential relations between SNS characteristics and use over online platform, and consumers' attitude, behavior, value, and satisfaction. Such a analytic study is very meaningful in the point that it is possible to examine the hypotheses of a phenomenon (Jeong Seung-haw et al., 2014). With regard to SNS that has developed since 2008, empirical discussion has yet to be made because of its short history. In particular, in the performing arts area, there is not much research on SNS, and consequently, it is hard to understand the field comprehensively. To make it possible to theorize reliably, it is necessary to analyze multiple cases and conduct constant research to widen academic horizons newly. Therefore, this study tries to analyze the effects of SNS characteristics on performing arts consumers' attitude toward SNS, their commitment, their perceive value, and their satisfaction. To do that, this researcher set up hypotheses based on previous studies and conducted empirical analysis to draw results and examine the hypotheses. With the study results, this researcher tried to make suggestions. As a research survey, a questionnaire survey had been conducted for 20 days from Feb. 2016. The performing arts consumers from Jan. to Feb were used as study subjects. With the use of judgmental sampling, five questionnaires were distributed. A total of 389 copies were collected. Among them, 33 copies with insincere answers were excluded. Finally, 356 copies were used for analysis. To look into the influential relations between SNS characteristics, and their attitude, commitment, perceived value, and satisfaction, this researcher suggested a study model. To examine the structural relations between latent constructs to achieve the study purpose, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. To judge the overall good-of-fitness of the study unit and study model, chi-square statistics (X2), GFI(Goodness-of-Fit Index), AGFI(Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index), RMR(Root Mean Square Residual), and NFI(Normal-Fit Index) were analyzed. The study results are summarized as follows: First, according to the analysis on the influential relation between SNS characteristics and attitude, all factors of SNS characteristics but easiness (β=-0.024, influence=4)-social influence (β=0.205, influence=3), pleasure (β=0.282, influence=2), and usability (β=0.507, influence=1)-positively influenced attitude. Of the SNS characteristics factors, usability gave the biggest influence on attitude, and the next most positively influential factors were pleasure and social influence in order. Secondly, the influential relation between SNS characteristics and commitment was analyzed. As a result, all factors of SNS characteristics-social influence (β=0.144, influence=3), pleasure (β=0.289, influence=2), easiness (β=0.139, influence=4), and usability (β=0.475, influence=1)-positively affected commitment. Of the SNS characteristics factors, usability gave the biggest influence on commitment, and the next most positively influential factors were pleasure, social influence, and easiness in order. Thirdly, the influential relation between attitude and perceived value was analyzed. As a result, all factors of perceive value but social value (β=0.022, influence=3)-functional value (β=0.345, influence=2) and emotional value (β=0.405, influence=1)-were positively influenced by attitude. In addition, attitude more affected emotional value than functional value. Fourthly, the influential relation between commitment and perceived value was analyzed. As a result, commitment positively influenced functional value (β=0.868, influence=1), emotional value (β=0.863, influence=2), and social value (β=0.468, influence=3). Also, functional value was most affected by commitment, followed by emotional value and social value in order. Fifthly, the influential relation between perceived value and customer satisfaction was analyzed. As a result, all factors of perceived value but emotional value (β=0.183, influence=3)-functional value (β=0.362, influence=1) and social value (β=0.258, influence=2)-positively influenced customer satisfaction. Functional value gave the most effect on customer satisfaction, and the next most influential factor was social value. Given the study results, performing arts consumers obtained performance information through social networking services that enables users to create their network, share information, and communicate with each other; used SNS for a variety of communication in real time; accessed SNS almost every day (83.4%) to feel pleasant and happy; and had more positive attitude toward SNS when receiving useful information and news on performances effectively. In other words, it indicates that when they search for information on performances and choose a work, SNS is used as a significant tool for comparing various works and making the best decision, rather than a simple tool for feeling a pleasure. Customer satisfaction is a subjective evaluation that consumers make for their sacrifice and reward in return. As for performing arts consumers, their functional value that is related to the positive evaluation on the time, effort, and cost taken to use SNS for performance view gave the biggest influence on customer satisfaction. Also, the emotional value related to the feeling of pleasure arising performance view was less influential on customer satisfaction than the social value related to interpersonal relationship and social acceptance. It indicates that SNS usability is most influential on positive attitude which gives the biggest influence on emotional value, and that functional value is most influential on customer satisfaction. On balance, when the consumers feel pleasant and obtain useful information and news through SNS and communicate with others interested in artists and common themes, SNS can become a useful information source or an advisor to select and view a performance. In this way, they will be able to have positive attitude toward SNS offering good information and benefits, and to get more committed to arts groups or performances, to have higher loyalty, and to become consumers with voluntary activities. Firms make their efforts to find more accurate information on each individual. Arts groups and institutions try to meet the needs of each individual in promoting their works and operating their organization. Therefore, to provide customized information and recommended services, they need to understand SNS characteristics well, analyze individuals' information and customers' needs, and perform a SNS marketing strategy for processing and offering proper information. In this thesis, the effects of the emerging SNS characteristics on performing arts consumers' attitude, commitment, perceived value, and satisfaction were studied in depth. Therefore, the study makes useful suggestions relating to SNS use which can be referred to by the performing arts circle and the culture and arts circle. Keywords: SNS Characteristics, Attitude, Commitment, Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Performing Arts Consumers

Infant feeding characteristics and later dietary intakes in Korean preschool children

신문경 경희대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

(An) empirical study of NFT purchase behavior influencing factors using technology acceptance model

김기영 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2022 국내박사

[Abstract] This study conducted an empirical study on NFT characteristics, purchase intention and behavior. First of all, Delphi survey was conducted to derive NFT characteristics, and then Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) was used to analyze the purchase intention and behavior according to NFT characteristics. For this purpose, survey was conducted on 30 persons of NFT professional group and 210 persons were surveyed for empirical analysis. First, 5 NFT characteristics(authenticity, scarcity, utility, community and economics) were derived through Delphi survey. In the TAM analysis conducted with these as external factors, first, only authenticity, community and economics among NFT characteristics were found to be important factors directly affecting the perceived usefulness. Second, only community among NFT characteristics was found to directly affect the perceived ease of use. Third, the perceived ease of use was found to have a significant influence on the perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness was found to have a significant influence on the purchase intention. On the other hand, the perceived ease of use was found not to have a significant influence on the purchase intention. Lastly, NFT purchase intention was found to have a significant influence on the purchase behavior. Authenticity is the most critical characteristic of NFT feature and can be regarded as a factor for the purchaser to recognize the perceived ease of use in that it is the basis for solving the copyright issue of digital works, derivative creation right and connection with various industries. In case of community, the features of decentralized ecosystem based on blockchain may affect the purchase behavior of the consumers. That is, the purchaser may buy NFT, attracted by NFT ecosystem where they can be the consumer, the producer and act as the marketers at the same time. This result of deriving significant influence of NFT economics confirmed that the purchaser may recognize the NFT as the target of investment and a means of creating wealth. The importance of authenticity enabled us to recognize the importance of technology development for authenticity certification and institutional arrangement of copyright as the copyright issue might result in problems with recent activation of NFT. In addition, it was confirmed that continuous investment and management on community was required for NFT related companies to increase competitiveness by revealing that community was important factor for purchase of NFT. Through the importance analysis of NFT economics, it was confirmed that people might connect to various businesses and it might be the plan for creating new wealth through investment. It serves as the ground for the necessity that NFT related companies should converge with various kinds of industries. As a result, this study can provide basic data for prediction of actual behavior of NFT purchase, provision of new service, establishment of new service and institutional arrangement by clarifying NFT characteristics and identifying determinants affecting the usefulness, ease of use, purchase intention and behavior of consumers. [ Conclusion and Implications ] 1 General Discussion With the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, blockchain based technology has emerged. As NFT based on blockchain has emerged as a hot topic, it has been connected with various industrial areas and highlighted. While this technology is in the spotlight, NFT still lacks factors for purchase and acceptance so far. Accordingly, this study aims to provide implications for establishing plans to sell and utilize NFT by examining NFT characteristics and explaining the influence relation between purchase behavior and NFT characteristic. To achieve the purpose of this study, NFT characteristics are applied to TAM and factors for purchase behavior are derived. For this purpose, NFT characteristics were first derived through Delphi survey. For Delphi analysis conducted to derive NFT characteristic, a total of 2 surveys were conducted on 30 NFT professionals. As a result, core factors such as authenticity, scarcity, utility, community and economics were derived. The empirical analysis was conducted along with precedent studies on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, purchase intention, purchase behavior as well as NFT characteristics derived through Delphi method. The empirical analysis was conducted on a total of 2,000 professionals and 210 copies were recovered. Except 6 copies with poor response out of 210 copies recovered, 204 copies were finally analyzed. Hypotheses of this study were verified and the results are summarized as follows. First, as a result of checking the effects of NFT characteristic on perceived usefulness, among NFT characteristics, authenticity, scarcity, utility, community economics, only authenticity(C.R=2.011, p<0.05) and community(C.R=3.311, p<0.001), economics(C.R=4.957, p<0.001) are found to have a significant relation. Second, as a result of checking the effects of NFT characteristic on perceived ease of use, among NFT characteristics, only community(C.R=3.311, p<0.001) is found to have a significant relation. Third, as a result of checking the effects of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use was found to have a significant relation with perceived usefulness(C.R=3.015, p<0.01). Fourth, as a result of checking the effects of perceived usefulness on purchase intention, perceived usefulness was found to have a significant relation with purchase intention(C.R=9.169, p<0.001). Fifth, as a result of checking the effects of perceived ease of use on purchase intention, perceived ease of use was found not to have a significant relation on purchase intention(C.R=-.204, p>0.05). Sixth, as a result of checking the effects of purchase intention on purchase behavior, purchase intention was found to have a significant relation on purchase behavior(C.R=9.944, p<0.001). Through this, NFT characteristic is confirmed to have a significantly positive(+) effect on the purchase behavior through perceived usefulness and purchase intention. 2 Implications of Study The academic implication presented based on the analysis results of this study are as follows. First, it is meaningful in that this study derived the characteristic factors of NFT through Delphi analysis with 30 professionals through systematic review process of related precedent studies. Second, this study has prepared a theoretical system to explain the practical relationship between NFT characteristics, usefulness and ease of use in applying innovative technologies such as NFT based on the study results. Third, it was confirmed that the community among NFT characteristics was an important factor for usefulness and ease of use and that authenticity and economics were important factors for usefulness. It also confirms that the values placed on NFT by the consumer are divided into authenticity for works, community participation through NFT and economics for investment and business. At last, it was also confirmed that scarcity and utility were not influence factors that might promote consumption of consumers while they were important factors among NFT characteristics. The practical implications of this study can be summarized as follows. With regard to detailed implications, understanding and convenience of use for NFT were found to affect when it led to purchase behavior among women as a result of frequency analysis. Through this, it is clear that NFT marketing for women should focus on understanding and ease of use of NFT. In case of men, only 50% judged that NFT characteristic might help perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as a result of frequency analysis, but it was found to lead to purchase behavior if recognized. Through this, it is clear that NFT marketing targeting men should focus on usefulness and ease of use of NFT. With regard to people in their 20’s and 30’s, when planning goods in a way that NFT characteristics lead to actual purchase, it is required to have usefulness actually helpful as NFT and to explore methods such as promotion planning and simplification of payment method that can directly lead to purchase if purchase intention occurs. With regard to people in their 40’s and 50’s, NFT characteristics do not have much influence on perceived ease of use for the factor of purchasing NFT, it is difficult to lead to purchase behavior of NFT if there exists no perceived ease of use. Given this, it is required to apply the plan easy to understand and purchase when planning products for people in their 40’s and 50’s, and to lower the entry barrier to community of NFT. Overall implications are as follows. First, authenticity among NFT characteristic is found to play an important role in NFT. Accordingly, it is required to develop technology for verification of authenticity and institutional arrangement for copyright related problems which have become issues recently with activation of NFT. This study proves that such maintenance and technology development can be established as a new strategy for purchasers to form more positive purchase behavior on NFT in the current NFT environment. Second, the scarcity was the main factor of NFT purchase when NFT was first highlighted, but as is seen from the recent BAYC price decline or price decrease of first twit of Twitter or Bipple’s price, it is no longer meaningful factor in NFT purchase, which is revealed in empirical analysis. Third, since features such as derivative creativity or P2E included in utility are related to economics, the economics of NFT can be an important factor for regarding NFT as useful among NFT purchasers. Fourth, NFT related companies should not only continuously invest and manage for community in order to increase their competitiveness, but also make efforts to increase the value of community, that is, to increase social capital and membership function, in order to differentiate itself from other NFT. This can be confirmed through influence factors of community on usefulness and ease of use of NFT. Fifth, it is proven that blockchain and coin are recognized as the targets of investment among most people after Bit Coin incident with regard to interest on economics of NFT. Sixth, NFT can be connected to various businesses and become a plan for creation of new wealth through investment. Based on this, NFT related companies should pursue convergence with various industries and it was proven through influence factors of economics on usefulness. Seventh, efforts should be made for purchase plan and understanding in order to encourage purchase of NFT. Perceived ease of use of utilization, purchase and understanding of NFT is directly connected to usefulness, which in turn will lead to future purchase behavior. Based on this, companies should establish a system convenience for purchase and utilization of NFT, and related government departments and agencies may pursue NFT activation through education on NFT. Lastly, this study is considered to provide basic data useful for prediction of actual behavior of NFT consumers, provision of new service, establishment of strategies and institutional arrangement by clarifying the characteristics of NFT that have been highlighted as a new industry in various kinds of areas and to identify the determinants that affect the usefulness, ease of use and purchase behavior of consumers. To understand the spread and utilization of NFT, continuous academic research is important. By checking the intangible digitization and how the perception of people differs regarding this, it may help establish theories regarding consumer behaviors and investment behaviors. 3 Limitation and Future Direction of Study This thesis examined the purchase factors of NFT by establishing NFT characteristics (not established in the past) along with professionals, organizing Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) and conducting empirical analyses. Since the NFT characteristics derived from Delphi were found not to affect both usefulness and ease of use in some areas, however, this thesis may predict that another purchase factor is inherent. The subjects of empirical analysis of this study were those who purchased or invested IN NFT. While the market and transaction of NFT is increasing explosively, only a few people are aware and use them now. Due to this, the size of population for random sampling in empirical analysis of this study is revealed as a limitation. It is required for future studies to identify the inherent purchase factors by expanding the scope of Delphi professionals and collecting opinions of various panels. In addition, more detailed studies are required on the utility and scarcity which were rejected during empirical analysis while they were derived in Delphi analysis. 본 연구는 NFT의 특성과 그에 따른 구매의사 및 행동에 대한 실증연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, NFT 특성을 도출하기 위해 델파이 조사를 실시하였고 이후 NFT 특성에 따른 구매의사 및 행동을 분석하기 위해 기술수용모델(TAM)을 활 용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 NFT 전문가 그룹 30명을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 실시하였으며, 실증분석을 위해 210명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 먼저, 본 연구에서는 델파이 조사를 통해 NFT 특성 5가지(진본성, 희소성, 유틸리 티, 커뮤니티, 경제성)를 도출하였다. 이를 외부요인으로 하여 실시한 TAM 분석에 서는 첫째, NFT의 특성 중 진본성과 커뮤니티, 경제성만이 인지된 유용성에 직접 적으로 영향을 주는 중요한 요소로 나타났다. 둘째, NFT 특성 중 커뮤니티만 인 지된 이용 용이성에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인지된 이 용 용이성은 인지된 유용성에, 인지된 유용성은 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 인지된 이용 용이성은 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미 치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 NFT 구매의도는 구매행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 진본성은 NFT의 특성 중 가장 핵심특성으로 디지털저작물의 저작권 이슈 해결과 2차 창작 권한 및 다양한 산업 접목의 기반이 된다는 점에서 구매자들 이 이용 용이성을 인식하는 요인이 되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 커뮤니티는 블록 체인을 기반으로 한 탈중앙화된 생태계의 특징이 소비자들의 구매 행동에 영 향을 미친 것으로 볼 수 있다. 즉, 구매자는 소비자이면서 생산자, 그리고 마 켓터로 활동할 수 있는 NFT 생태계에 매력을 느껴 NFT를 구매하는 것이라 고 할 수 있다. NFT의 경제성의 유의한 영향력 도출결과는 구매자들이 NFT 를 투자의 대상, 부 창출의 수단으로 인식하고 있음을 확인할 수 있게 하였다. 본 연구는 기존에 규명되지 않았던 NFT 특성을 전문가 30인 패널과 함께 규명 하였다는 데 의의가 있으며, 기술 수용 모델을 활용하여 NFT의 특성과 유용성 및 용이성에 대한 실질적인 관계를 설명할 수 있는 학문적 체계를 마련했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. NFT 구매요인 중 진본성의 중요성은 최근 NFT가 활성화 되면서 제도적으로 문제가 되는 저작권에 대한 제도적 정비 및 진위증명에 대 한 기술개발의 필요성을 인지할 수 있도록 하였다. 또 커뮤니티가 NFT 구매에 중요한 영향요인임을 밝혀 NFT 관련 기업들이 경쟁력을 키우기 위해서는 커뮤 니티에 대한 지속적인 투자 및 관리가 필요함을 확인하였다. NFT 경제성의 중 요성 분석을 통해 사람들이 NFT가 다양한 비즈니스에 접목될 수 있으며, 투자 를 통한 새로운 부의 창출 방안이 될 수 있다고 인지하는 것을 확인할 수 있었 다. 이는 NFT 관련 기업들이 다양한 산업들과의 융합을 도모할 필요가 있음의 근거가 되기도 한다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 NFT의 특성을 규명하고 소비자들의 유용성, 용이성 및 구매의도, 행동에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 파악함으로서 NFT를 구매의 실제적인 행동을 예측하고 새로운 서비스 제공 및 전략수립, 제도적 정비에 유 용한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

Influence of fat, muscle fiber, and fresh pork quality characteristics on sensory quality

정다운 고려대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

This thesis was designed to investigate the effects of fat characteristics, histochemical characteristics, and fresh pork quality characteristics on sensory quality in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Berkshire pigs. The contents of intramuscular fat (IMF: r = 0.49, P < 0.001), saturated fatty acid (SFA: r = 0.46, P < 0.001), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA: r = 0.35, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) marbling score, but the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the P:S ratio (r = -0.46 and r = -0.46, respectively) had negative relationships with the score. In the relationships between fat characteristics and sensory quality, IMF content was positively related with the scores for chewiness (r = 0.21) and off-flavor (r = 0.31). Moreover, the n-6:n-3 ratio was significantly related with the scores for chewiness (r = -0.27, P < 0.01) and rate of breakdown (r = -0.30, P < 0.01). On the other hand, the morphological characteristics of muscle fibers can influence on sensory quality characteristics. Muscles harboring a small area and higher density of fibers show softer, tender meat and a lower number of chews than muscles harboring a larger area and lower density of fibers. In the measurements of meat texture, texture profile analysis (TPA) was more closely related to the sensory quality characteristics than Warner-Bratzler shear force. In particular, TPA-hardness was positively correlated with softness, initial tenderness, and chewiness (r = 0.58, r = 0.58, and r = 0.57, respectively). The indicators of water holding capacity (WHC), such as drip loss and filter-paper fluid uptake, were negatively correlated with the NPPC color score (r = -0.41 and r = -0.20, respectively), and were positively correlated with softness (r = 0.29 and r = 0.33, respectively), initial tenderness (r = 0.29 and r = 0.38, respectively), and chewiness (r = 0.29, r = 0.40, respectively) scores. Base on these results, one can conclude that although the muscle fiber type composition and fat characteristics only had a limited effect on the sensory quality traits, muscle fiber characteristics, including cross-sectional area and numbers of fibers, as well as the WHC of the fresh meat, were important factors for determining variations in sensory quality, especially the indicator of tenderness.