(A) study on performance of economics graduate students, Korea University : who is a good human capital in graduate school?

김경현 Graduate School, Korea University 2010 국내석사

The purpose of this investigation is to do determine a prediction model for selecting graduate students in economics area. Although economic graduate course in South Korea is similar to the one in Britain and the United States, little attention has been given to examine a student performance. Athey, Katz, Krueger, Levitt and Poterba(2007), who studied a research on economics graduate school of the United States, even said that economists devote considerable effort to graduate students education but have conducted relatively little research on the determinants of student performance or placement in the job market. As the authors' opinion, a study on performance of graduate students should be an important and urgent problem. But this paper is not concerned here with the determinants of student performance in labor market, the study will be supplemented by previous studied in section Ⅱ. The main objectives of this study were : firstly, to do a study on human capital in economics, secondly, to do a study on a group of the highest education level, and thirdly, to do a prediction on graduate students performance using pre-admission data of applicants. By analyzing this paper, we examine the sequentiality between economics required subjects of undergraduate and graduate course. And the paper can be concerned with what factors have an effect on economic graduate performance. It is important for selection process of pre-admission to cultivate outstanding scholars in graduate school. Hence, the results are expected to help screening graduate students in admissions committee.

Improving indoor air quality in schools using mechanical systems : focused on particulate matter and carbon dioxide

나후승 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2023 국내박사

Recently, fine dust was classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, so global interest in the danger it poses is increasing. Fine dust is more dangerous to the health of children whose respiratory systems are still developing than to healthy adults, so national efforts are being made to reduce fine dust levels in schools. The Ministry of Education implemented air quality management standards in the School Health Act of 2006, suggested countermeasures against high concentrations of fine dust in schools, and provided air purifiers for each classroom nationwide. Recently, academics and parents are increasingly calling for improvements to the overall air quality in schools, including not only fine dust but also carbon dioxide. In this study, I present a mechanical system that can improve schools’ air quality. This dissertation makes three major contributions. The first contribution is that it presents the efficacy of using air curtains to block the inflow of fine dust into schools both in the laboratory and in three schools over a long period of time. The second contribution is that it discusses air quality improvement methods for different places in schools. First, the airtightness of classrooms in schools was analyzed. Air quality improved in both general classrooms and special rooms. With regard to special classrooms, science classrooms’ air quality was affected by the use of chemicals, technology and housework management classrooms’ air quality was affected by fine dust generated during cooking, and food service classrooms’ air quality was affected by fine dust inflows due to doors to the outside always being open. The third contribution is that it presents a plan for how classroom equipment can be operated. It discusses why ventilation should be prioritized over using air purifiers in existing schools and how to improve air quality without excessive noise, which has become an issue recently. The effectiveness of this plan was tested in schools. This dissertation presents a plan for how to mechanically improve school air quality. Its key contents are how to block the inflow of fine dust, how to improve the air quality of different types of rooms in schools, and a plan for operating mechanical air quality improvement systems. I hope that this thesis will be used by schools across the country to improve their air quality for their students’ benefit.

Comparison of urban space cognitive images of middle schools' circumstance in Gangnam-gu and Nowon-gu

정호진 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2006 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 학교 및 그 주변에 대한 학생들의 인지도 특성을 통한 공간인지 유형을 두 대상지로 나누어 분석하고, 비교 대상지간 학생들의 체험된 이미지의 차이를 도출하여 지역별 학교와 그 주변의 효과적인 개발 방안을 제시하는 것이다.본 논문에서는 강남구 대치동의 1개 중학교와 노원구 하계동의 1개 중학교를 그 대상으로 하여, Lynch(1960)의 인지도(cognitive map) 작성방법을 간략화하여 수행하였다.학생들의 공간인식은 학년의 고저에 따른 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내지 않은 채 대체로 ‘집주위 → 통학로 주변의 가로 → 학교주변 시설’ 로 확대되는 경향을 보이고 있어, 학생 각자의 생활 패턴에 크게 좌우되는 결과를 나타내고 있다.강남구 대청중학교와 노원구 중평중학교 학생들의 응답내용과 Sketch map을 바탕으로 Kevin Lynch의 5요소(District, Landmark, Path, Node, Edge)를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. District의 경우 강남구 대청중학교 학생들은 대청중학교, 우성아파트, 선경아파트 순으로 인지했으며, 노원구 중평중학교 학생들은 중평중학교, 중평초등학교, 건영백화점 순으로 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. Landmark의 경우 강남구 대청중학교 학생들은 양재천, 타워팰리스 순으로 인지했으며, 노원구 중평중학교 학생들은 중평중학교, 중평중학교, 브라운스톤 순으로 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. Path의 경우 강남구 대청중학교 학생들은 양재천길, 사이로길, 남부순환도로 순으로 인지했으며, 노원구 중평중학교 학생들은 중평로, 동재로, 동삼로 순으로 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. Node의 경우 강남구 대청중학교 학생들은 도곡사거리, 대치역사거리 순으로 인지했으며, 노원구 중평중학교 학생들은 동삼삼거리, 동재삼거리 순으로 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. Edge의 경우 강남구 대청중학교 학생들은 양재천을 노원구 중평중학교 학생들은 월계로를 인지하는 것으로 나타났다.혐오장소에 대한 선택의 차이는, 강남구 학생들은 방과후 대부분이 학원 및 교육시설 주변에서 시간을 소모함으로 그 공간에 대한 부정적인 인지가 지배적인데 반해, 노원구 학생들은 비교적 자유로운 방과 후 활동으로 인해 학교 주변 시설인 공원이나 놀이터, 가로 등을 혐오장소로 선택하는 것으로 판단된다.향후 학교와 그 주변시설에 대한 만족도 조사를 통해 회귀분석을 실시하여 실제 이용자들의 만족도에 영향을 끼치는 요소에 대한 파악이 이루어져 개선점을 찾아 나아가야 할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study is to analyze space-perception toward schools and their outskirts patterns by dividing the two target areas, and to draw up an efficient development plan for regional schools and its circumferences by deducing the differences of comparative target areas students' undergoing images.In this thesis, I chose one middle school in Gangnam-gu, Deachi-dong and one middle school in Nowon-gu, Hagye-dong for the targets, and briefly carried out cognitive map framing method.The students' space-cognitions have no definite changes in accordance with a school year, and generally show a tendency toward enlarged like this. 'neighborhood → street nearby school district → facilities close to school'. It shows that each student's can exert a major degree influence upon his/her life pattern.Be based on Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu, and Jungpyong Mid. School in Nowon-gu students' answers to the queries and the Sketch map, analyzed results of Kevin Lynch's 5 elements (District, Landmark, Path, Node, Edge) are as follows. In case of district, the students of Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu recognize district by this order: Daechung Mid. School, Woosung Apt. and Sungyung Apt, and the students of Jungpyong Mid. School in Nowon-gu recognize district by this order: JungPyong Mid. School, JungPyong Elem. School, Gunyung Dept. Store. In case of Landmark, the students of Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu recognize landmark by this order: angje Stream, Tower Palace, and the students of Jungpyong Mid. School in Nowon-gu recognize landmark by this order: JungPyong Mid. School, JungPyong Park, and Brown Stone. In case of Path, the students of Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu recognize path by this order: Yangjechun way, Sairo way, Nambu Beltway, and the students of Jungpyong Mid. School in Nowon-gu recognize path by this order: Jungpyong way, Donge way, and Dongsam way. In case of Node, the students of Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu recognize node by this order: Dogok Crossroads, Daechi Station Crossroads, and the students of Jungpyong Mid. School in Nowon-gu recognize node by this order: Dongsam Three Corners, Donge Three Corners. In case of Edge, the students of Daechung Mid. School in Gangnam-gu recognize Yangje Stream as edge, and the students of Jungpyong Mid. School recognize Wolgye way as edge.The differences of selecting hatred spaces are like this. Students living in Gangnam-gu spend much time at the educational institutes and around the educational facilities. Contrary to Gangnam-gu's case, students living in Nowon-gu can spend after school hours comparatively freely, so I could estimate that's why they choose park, playground, and street nearby school as their hatred spaces.Hereafter, we must conduct schools and their outskirt satisfaction survey and do regression analysis to find betterment by grasping elements that can exert influences upon real user satisfaction.

Confucianism and its cultural impacts : a comparative study on middle school bullying between China and Japan

Yunbo Bai Graduate School, Yonsei University 2021 국내석사

School bullying has become a social problem all over the world. In recent years, the problem of bullying in middle schools in China has become more and more serious, and the severity of its consequences has attracted the attention of the Chinese government. In the 21st century, Japan is also one of the countries with serious school bullying problems. According to the theory of social ecological system, we can infer that the participants of school bullying are affected by various surrounding environmental factors. As a macro environmental factor, the culture in society has a subtle influence on students' cognition. As we all know, China and Japan are very close geographically and have conducted many cultural exchanges since ancient times. There are cultural similarities between the two countries, especially, the Confucian culture. So does this mean that the reason for the similar behavior of middle school’s bullying in China and Japan is that they are influenced by the similar Confucian culture? Therefore, this paper will take the participants of bullying on middle schools in China and Japan as the research objects, and mainly analyze the cultural reasons of middle school’s bullying in both countries. Comparative research methods, case analysis methods, literature research methods and qualitative research methods are the main research methods used in this article. The second chapter of the thesis first introduces the differences between Chinese and Japanese Confucian cultures, especially in four aspects: shame culture, harmonious culture, collectivism and family culture. At the same time, it introduces the new development of these four cultures in the two countries and the impacts on the current Chinese and Japanese society. The third chapter of the thesis lists cases of bullying in middle schools in China and Japan, and carefully analyzes the psychology of the participants. It is found that although the behaviors of bullying participants in Chinese and Japanese schools are similar, they have different starting points. Therefore, the fourth chapter further analyzes the psychological factors of the three roles in the phenomenon of school bullying in China and Japan, as well as the social and cultural reasons that affect the psychological factors. Through comparative research methods, it is found that the different Confucian cultures in Chinese and Japanese societies have different impacts on the psychology. Although these factors are derived from traditional Confucian culture, they already have had special new developments in China and Japan. Therefore, this article concludes that although the phenomenon of school bullying in China and Japan seems to be the same, the Confucian culture of China and Japan has had impacts on school bullying in China and Japan respectively. Exploring the cultural background of school bullying in China and Japan can enable us to better understand the causes of school bullying and provide some ideas for the future countermeasures of school bullying in the two countries. It has important reference value for the further prevention of school bullying. At the same time, although Confucian culture has its meaning as a traditional culture, it still requires us that in the future China and Japan should constantly reflect on traditional culture, adjusting the traditional culture to new social needs, and better guide people's lives at the level of consciousness.

Impact of school factor-realated incentives on Pupil's absenteeism in Ugandan public primary schools

이재익 Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2018 국내석사

ABSTRACT The study is analyzing the impact of school factor-related incentives on pupil’s absenteeism in Ugandan public primary schools. Were it not for the proper understanding of the education system in Uganda, our endeavor to make progress in the quality of education in the country would be easily blocked. Even if pupil’s absenteeism in Uganda has been a critical problem with regard to the quality of public primary education, especially from the perspective of school factor-related incentives, only few studies have systematically examined its associated determinants in conjunction with school factor-related incentives. The one of the main objectives of the study is to examine the impact of school factor-related incentives; and to investigate the adequate solutions to the pupil absenteeism problem as the base of operations by utilizing dataset which is amassed by an international Non–Governmental Organization UWEZO 2012. School factor-related incentives are divided into four categories: School feeding, whether each of the sample schools has a school library, electricity, and safe-water source. By applying OLS regression using the dataset which includes randomly chosen 81,650 children and 2,279 public primary schools, this study examines how those incentives are correlated with pupil’s absenteeism in Ugandan public primary schools. As a result of estimation, the biggest and most effective way of boosting pupil’s attendance is school feeding. It is because that although Uganda has enjoyed one of the highest rates of economic growth over the last decade, 35 percent of the total Ugandan population is living below the poverty line still. Through participating in school, students also can get benefit such as improving their nourishment and a caloric intake per each day, not to mention that they more frequently come to school. Until now, the Government of Uganda haven’t implemented policy regarding providing school feeding system in their public primary schools. The Ugandan government has the tasks of implementing the policy regarding such incentives which have been shown the negative impact on pupil’s absenteeism and progressing guidelines and standards for fulfilment yet; of course, school feeding should be a top priority. Further research is required to investigate this issues in more detail. Through continued advocacy endeavour and support from communities, better education of all school children in the country can be achieved

Individual Learners' Attitude, Motivation and Listening Proficiency in Secondary EFL Classroom in Korea

최갑균 Graduate School of Education, Sogang University 2002 국내석사

본 연구는 한국 중·고등학생들의 영어학습에 대한 태도와 동기와 듣기 능력 사이에 관계를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 규명되어야 할 연구문제는 아래와 같다. 1. 한국 중·고등학교 영어학습자들의 영어학습동기는 어떤 요인들이 있는가 2. 중·고등학교에서 성별과 학년들 사이에 미국인에 대한 태도와 영어학습태도에는 각각 의미 있는 차이가 있는가 3. 태도와 동기 수준과 듣기 능력 점수사이에 각각 의미 있는 차이가 있는가 4. 태도와 동기 요인 과 듣기 능력 점수 사이에는 어떤 관계가 있는가 본 연구는 경기도 지역에 있는 중·고등학생 717명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 사용된 도구는 설문지와 영어듣기 평가였다. 설문지는 Gardner, R.C.와 Lambert, W.E. (1972)의 “Attitude and Motivation Test Battery"에서 인용하여 Lee (1996a)와 Do¨rnyei (1990)가 발전시킨 설문지이고, 듣기 능력 평가는 전국 15개 시·도 교육청이 연합으로 실시하는 듣기 평가 문제를 활용하였다. 표집 된 자료는 SPSSWIN 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며 t 검증, 상관분석, 요인분석을 하였다. 분석된 결과는 아래와 같다 : 1. 이 특수한 상황에서 6개의 동기 동인이 추출되었고 그들은 내적 동기, 중요성, 통합적 동기, 외적동기, 의사소통 그리고 실용성이었다. 2. 한국 중·고등학교 학생들은 영어가 좋은 직업을 얻는 데 필수적이며, 영어가 세계공통어이고, 영어가 어느 분야에서나 중요하고, 영어가 필수 과목이라는 것을 믿고 있으며, 이것은 한국 중·고등학생들은 영어의 중요성을 충분히 인식하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 3. 동기성향 가운데 중·고등학교에게 듣기 능력 점수와 높은 상관이 있는 공통된 항목은 ‘영어를 좋아한다’는 항목이고, 중학교 1·2학년 학생들은 ‘영어의 중요성’이, 고등학교 1·2학년 학생들은 ‘친구를 사귀기 위해서’와 ‘영어를 좋아하기 때문’이라는 항목이 듣기 능력과 높은 상관이 있었다. 4. 대체로 중학교 1학년 학생들은 내적 동기와 중요성과 관련하여, 중학교 2학년 학생들은 내적 동기, 중요성, 외적동기, 의사소통 과 실용성과 관련하여 영어 공부를 한다. 반면에, 고등학교 1학년 학생들은 의사소통과 관련하여, 고등학교 2학년 학생들은 중요성과 실용성과 관련하여 영어공부를 한다. 5. 미국인에 대한 태도와 영어학습에 대한 태도는 여학생이 남학생보다 더 긍정적인 태도를 보여주었다. 6. 학년사이에 미국인과 영어학습에 대한 태도에 큰 차이를 나타내었고 특히 중학교 1학년 학생들은 현격한 차이를 나타내었으며 미국인과 영어학습에 대하여 호의적인 태도를 가지고 있다. 7. 영어 듣기능력의 상·하 집단에 따른 영어학습에 대한 태도는 상·하 집단사이에 커다란 차이가 있었다. 8. 동기와 태도 변인들은 듣기능력과 의미 있는 상관관계가 있으며 영어학습에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 가진 학생들이 또한 동시에 영어학습에 대한 부정적인 태도를 가지고 있다. 9. 듣기 능력과 가장 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있는 변인은 영어학습태도이고 그 다음으로는 영어학습 동기이고 미국인에 대한 태도는 거의 상관관계가 없었다. 다시 말하면, 영어학습에 대한 태도가 가장 중요하였다. 10. 중학교 학생들이 고등학생들보다 동기요인과 듣기 능력 사이에 더 높은 상관이 있다. 여학생들이 남학생들보다 동기요인과 듣기능력사이에 더 높은 상관이 있다. 동기요인과 듣기능력사이에 상관관계가 있는 순서는 내적 동기요인, 중요성요인, 실용성요인, 의사소통요인, 통합적요인 순서이다. The object of this study is to analyze the relation of individual Learners' Attitude, Motivation and Listening Proficiency in Secondary EFL Classroom in Korea. The research questions investigated in this study are as follows: 1. what factors affect in learning English motivation of learners in secondary school? 2. Is there any significant difference in the attitude toward American and learning English between gender, and among grades in secondary school? 3. Is there any significant difference between the level of attitude/motivation and the score of a listening proficiency test? 4. Is there a relationship between attitude/motivation factors and the score of a listening proficiency test? Subjects in this study were 717 students of secondary school in Kyonggi Province area. The instruments used for this study were a questionnaire and an English listening proficiency test. The former was one adapted from “Attitude and Motivation Test Battery" (Lambert, W.E. and Gardner, R.C. 1972) and developed by Lee (1996a) and D?rnyei (1990). The latter was an English listening proficiency test supervised by National 15 municipal and provincial Board of Education in Korea. The collected data was analyzed through SPSSWIN program. The statistical tests used for the analysis were t-test, correlation analysis, and factor analysis. From the analysis, the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. The study shows that six motivational orientation factors were retained in this particular context and they were intrinsic motivation, importance, integrative motivation, extrinsic motivation, communication, and practicality. 2. Korean secondary school students believe that English is essential to get a good job, English is the world common language, English is important in any field, and English is a required subject. This means that Korean secondary school students are fully aware of the importance of English. 3. Among motivational orientations, the common items that are highly correlated with the score of listening proficiency for secondary school students are liking English; for the first and second middle school students is the importance of English; for the first and second high school students are making friends and liking English. 4. Wholly the first year middle school students study English related with intrinsic motivation and importance and the second year middle school students study English related with intrinsic motivation, importance, extrinsic motivation, communication, and practicality. On the other hand, the first year high school students study English related with communication and the second year high school students study English related with importance and practicality. 5. The female students have more a positive attitude than the male counterparts toward American and learning English. 6. There was a significant difference between grades, especially the first year middle school students show a striking difference. The first year middle school students have a favorable attitude toward American and learning English. 7. There was the greatest difference in the attitude toward learning English between the high and low level group according to the high and low level of score of listening proficiency test. 8. Motivational and attitudinal variables have significant correlations with the score of listening proficiency, and the students who have positive attitude toward learning English also have a negative attitude toward learning English at the same time. 9. The variable that has the closest relationship with listening proficiency is the attitude toward learning English, and the next variable is the learning English motivation, and the attitude toward American have few significant correlations with listening proficiency. That is to say, it shows that the positive attitude toward learning is very important. 10. The middle school students have higher levels of correlation between motivation factors and listening proficiency than the high school students. The female students have higher levels of correlation between motivation factors and listening proficiency than the male students. The order of the correlation levels between motivation factors and listening proficiency showed intrinsic motivation factor is the highest correlation level and follows importance factor, practicality factor, communication factor, and integrative factor.

Essays on the effects of early school enrollment and legal drinking age on risky behaviors and health outcomes

신유식 Graduate School, Korea University 2022 국내박사

본 논문은 취학 시기의 효과에 대한 연구와 청소년 음주 규제의 효과에 대한 연구로 구성되어 있다. 1장에서는 취학 시기가 학생들의 건강위험행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한다. 2장에서는 자녀의 취학 시기가 어머니의 정신 건강에 미치는 전이 효과에 대해 분석한다. 3장에서는 한국의 청소년 음주 정책이 개인의 음주 행위에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석한다. 세계의 여러 나라들은 아동이 태어난 이후 몇 개월이 되었는지에 따라 학교에 입학할 수 있는 자격을 부여한다. 새 학기가 시작하는 시점에 최소 입학 연령을 가까스로 넘긴 아동이 바로 입학하는 경우, 반에서 나이가 가장 어린 상태가 된다. 이로 인한 불이익을 피하고자, 일부 부모는 해당 아동의 입학 시기를 1년 연기하는 선택을 한다. 이 경우, 해당 아동은 반에서 나이가 가장 많은 상태가 된다. 위와 같은 입학 시기의 선택이 아동에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 파악하기 위해 현재까지 다수의 실증 연구들이 실시되어 왔다. 1장은 취학 시기가 학생들의 건강위험행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 분석한다. 구체적으로, 최소 입학 연령을 넘긴 아동이 입학을 미루지 않고 바로 입학하는 선택이 음주, 흡연, 성관계 행위에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 분석한다. 분석을 위해, 우리나라 12월 출생자들이 1월 출생자들에 비해 학교에 1년 빠르게 입학하는 점을 이용한다. 12월 출생자들은 1월 출생자들에 비해 1년 빠르게 입학하지만, 반에서 상대적으로 가장 어린 상태가 된다. 반면에, 1월 출생자들은 반에서 나이가 가장 많은 상태가 된다. 두 집단은 비슷한 시기에 출생했음에도, 외생적인 상황으로 인해 입학 시기에 차이가 발생하기 때문에 위의 효과를 추정하는 데 이용될 수 있다. 회귀불연속 방법론을 사용하여 추정한 결과, 학교를 1년 빠르게 입학하는 것은 음주, 흡연 시작 시기를 앞당기는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 1년 빠르게 입학하는 것은 최근 30일 동안 음주, 흡연했을 확률을 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 남학생과 여학생 모두에게 나타났다. 2장은 최소 입학 연령을 넘긴 아동이 바로 입학하는 선택을 하는 것이 어머니의 정신 건강에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 분석한다. 다수의 문헌에 따르면, 해당 아동은 정서적, 신체적 발달 상태에 이점이 있는 급우들과 경쟁하기 때문에, 학업 성취도와 학교 적응에 있어 어려움을 겪는 가능성이 높은 것으로 보고되어 왔다. 이러한 부정적인 영향은 아동에게 국한되는 것이 아니라 가족 구성원에게도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 특히, 대부분의 가정의 주양육자인 어머니의 정신 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 이를 분석하는 위해 호주의 학교 입학 규정에 따라 발생되는 외생적인 상황을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 자녀의 1년 빠른 입학은 어머니의 불안감을 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이질성 분석 결과, 이러한 영향은 여학생의 어머니와 소득이 낮은 가구의 어머니에게 두드러지는 것으로 나타났다. 자녀의 응답을 통해 분석한 결과, 여학생과 소득이 낮은 가구의 학생인 경우, 실제로 학교 적응에 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 학교에 1년 빠르게 입학하는 것이 아동에게 부정적인 영향을 미치고, 어머니의 정신 건강에도 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 3장은 한국의 청소년 음주 규제의 효과성에 대해 분석한다. 한국의 청소년 보호법에 따르면, 만 19세가 되는 해의 1월 1일을 맞이하기 전까지는 청소년으로 규정되며, 주류 구입과 주류 판매 업소 출입이 제한된다. 이 정책의 효과성을 분석하기 위해 소위 빠른 년생 제도가 시행되던 시기의 1, 2월 출생자를 이용한다. 3월~12월생과 이듬해 1, 2월생은 같은 해에 초등학교에 입학하여 같은 해에 고등학교를 졸업한다. 3월~12월생은 대학교 1학년이 되는 해의 1월 1일부터 청소년 음주 규제의 적용을 받지 않는다. 반면에, 이듬해 1, 2월생은 해당 연도에 여전히 음주 규제를 적용 받게 된다. 따라서, 해당 연도의 3월~12월생과 1, 2월생의 음주 행위를 비교하여 청소년 보호법의 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 1, 2월생이 음주 규제의 적용을 받음에도 불구하고, 음주 참여 여부와 횟수에 대해서 3~12월생과 크게 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. In the first chapter, I investigate the impacts of early school enrollment on students’ risky health behaviors. In South Korea, those born in December begin school almost one year earlier than those born in January. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design which exploits the school entry rule in South Korea, I find that early school entry leads students to begin drinking and smoking earlier. In addition, it increases the likelihood of drinking and smoking participation over the previous 30 days. However, early school entry has little impact on lifetime sexual intercourse experience. The results of subgroup analysis indicate that my main findings are driven by both girls and boys. The robustness of my results is supported by the use of data from earlier years and various specifications. The second chapter examines the spillover effects of a child’s early school enrollment on their mother’s nervousness. Research has shown that early schooling may have an adverse impact on child development in the short run. If there is such an impact, it may spill over onto mothers, especially in relation to the mother’s mental well-being. To investigate the spillover effects, we utilize the data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A fuzzy regression discontinuity design is exploited to explore the spillover impacts of a child’s early schooling. We find that a child’s early enrollment increases the level of their mother’s nervousness in the year their child becomes seven. The impact is primarily detected among mothers of girls and mothers from low-income households. Using the responses of the children, we provide suggestive evidence that girls and children from low-income households were suffering from early schooling, and that the impacts might spill over into their mothers. In the last chapter, I analyze the effects of the legal drinking age laws in South Korea on alcohol consumption. In South Korea, an individual is legally allowed access to alcohol from January 1st of the year they turn 19. To investigate whether the regulation effectively restricts alcohol consumption, I compare those who were born around January, but who vary in terms of their status with regard to legal access to alcohol during one specific year. I find no impacts of the regulation on participation in and frequency of alcohol consumption. The findings indicate that strict enforcement and sanctions need to accompany the policy to prevent youth from accessing alcohol.

Challenges facing the effective implementation of inclusive education program for children with disabilities in public primary schools in Limuru sub-county, Kiambu county in Kenya

Gitau Thomas Njoroge Graduate School of Government, Business, and Entre 2017 국내석사

케냐에서 장애가 있는 어린이는 초창기부터 특수 학교에 등록되어 있습니다. 이로 인해 일반 학교와 분리되어 있습니다. 이러한 사실을 깨닫고 정부와 핵심 교육 관계자들은 정규 학생과 함께 배울 주류 학교에 이러한 학습자를 포함시키는 것이 중요하다는 것을 깨달았습니다. 정부와 이해 관계자들의 많은 노력이 현실화되었습니다. 그러나 특수 교육을 필요로 하는 아동을 대상으로 하는 과정이 국가의 모든 주류 초등학교에서 성공하지 못했기 때문에 이는 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있습니다. 이를 위해 케냐의 키암부 주에 있는 장애 아동을 위한 포괄적인 교육 프로그램의 효과적인 실행에 직면 한 어려움을 발견하기 위한 연구의 기초를 형성했습니다. 이 연구는 교육 기획자 및 기타 이해 관계자에게 제기된 문제에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공하고 문제에 대한 가능한 조치와 권장 사항을 제안했습니다. 이 연구는 셔먼과 우드 (Sherman and Wood, 1982)에 의해 발전된 평등 기회의 고전 이론에 기초를 두고 있습니다. 이 연구의 목적은 다음과 같습니다. Limuru Sub 주의 공립 초등학교에서 장애 아동을 위한 포괄적인 교육의 실시 상태를 탐색하고, 장애 아동을 위한 포함 과정의 효과적인 시행을 방해하는 요인을 파악하고, 직면한 과제에 대한 그럴듯한 제안 및 응답을 수립합니다. 이 연구는 설명 된 목표와 연구 질문에 대답하기 위해 데이터를 수집 할 때 서술적인 설문 조사 디자인을 채택했습니다. 이 연구는 교사 및학부모들 사이에서 진행되었습니다. 대상 인구에는 그 지역에 있는 40 개의 공립 초등학교, 40 명의 선생님, 546 명의 초등 교사 및 약 5,000 명의 부모가 포함되었습니다. 이 연구 샘플에는 포괄적인 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 14 개의 모든 공립 초등학교가 포함되었습니다. 14 개 학교의 교사 중 14 명이 선발되었으며, 56 명의 교사, 각 4 명의 샘플링 학교에서 4 명, 각 학교의 56 명의 학부모 4 명이 포함되었습니다. 총 126 명의 응답자가 응답했습니다. 조사 도구에는 설문지, 관찰 체크리스트, 인터뷰 일정 및 문서 분석이 포함되었습니다. 분석에는 질적 및 양적 분석이 모두 포함되었습니다. 질적 분석은 기존 문헌의 결론을 고려한 반면 정량적 분석은 빈도수 및 평균 분포, 표, 합계 및 수집 된 데이터를 의미있는 그룹 및 추후 분석을 위한 표로 응축하기 위한 백분율 계산에 나타난 응답자의 의견에 대한 결론과 관련되어 있습니다. 수집 된 데이터는 SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)를 사용하여 분석되었으며 빈도 테이블 및 비율의 형태로 제공되었습니다. 이 연구는 포괄적 인 교육의 실행 상태가 육체 및 보조 시설, 교사의 교육 및 교육 자원, 부모의 요인 및 아동의 참여 과정을 가로막는 장벽으로 작용한 사회적 문화적 측면에서 수많은 도전에 직면했다는 것을 발견할 수 있었습니다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 학교 시설 및 커리큘럼의 수정을 보다 포괄적이고 조정 가능하게 만들고 포괄적인 교육을 처리하기 위해 더 많은 교사를 양성하기 위한 노력을 강화해야 합니다. 장애 문제에 대한 인식 창출과 포괄적인 교육의 필요성에 있어 주요 교육 이해 관계자 들간의 공동 노력이 있어야 합니다. 또한 포괄적인 교육을 지원하기 위해 자금이 증가해야 합니다. 케냐의 주 정부는 또한 포괄적인 교육 프로그램을 시행함에 있어 주요 이해 관계자로서 인정 받고 참여해야 합니다. Children with disabilities have in Kenya have been enrolled in special schools since the early years of independence. This led to their segregation from the regular schools. On realizing this, the government and the key education stakeholders realized the importance of having these learners included in the mainstream schools where they would learn with the regular pupils. A great deal of effort from the government and the stakeholders have been made to make this a reality. However, this has not been successful since the inclusion process for children with special learning needs have not been successful in all the mainstream primary schools in the country. This formed the basis of the study in trying to find out the challenges faced in the effective implementation of the inclusive education program for children with disabilities in Limuru Sub County of Kiambu County in Kenya. The study sought to provide valuable information on the challenges to educational planners and other stakeholders and suggest possible measures and recommendations to the problem. The study was based on the on the Classical Theory of Equal Opportunities advanced by Sherman and Wood (1982). The objectives of the study were; To explore the status of implementation of inclusive education for children with disabilities in public primary schools in Limuru Sub County, to determine the factors hindering the effective implementation of the inclusion process for children with disabilities and to establish the plausible suggestions and responses to the challenges facing the implementation of an inclusive education program for children with disabilities. The study adopted a descriptive survey design in collecting data in order to answer the outlined objectives and the research questions. The study was carried out among teachers, head teachers and parents. The target population included 40 public primary schools in the area, 40 head teachers, 546 primary school teachers and about 5000 parents. The study sample included all the 14 public primary schools offering inclusive education program. From the 14 schools, all the 14 head teachers were selected, 56 teachers, four from each sampled school and 56 parents 4 from each school were also included. This gave a total of 126 respondents. The research instruments included questionnaires, observation checklists, interview schedules and document analysis. The analysis included both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis considered the conclusions from the existing literature while Quantitative analysis involved the conclusions on the respondents' opinions presented in frequency counts and mean distributions, tabulation, totals and calculation of percentages aimed at condensing the data collected into meaningful groups and tables for further analysis. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented in form of frequency tables and percentages. The study found out that the status of implementation of inclusive education was faced with numerous challenges in terms of physical and aiding facilities, teachers’ training and teaching resources, parental factors and social cultural factors which acted as barriers to the process of inclusion of children with disabilities. In addressing the challenges, more efforts need to be enhanced in the modification of school facilities and curriculum to become more inclusive and accommodative and to train more teachers to handle the inclusive education. There should be concerted efforts among the key educational stakeholders in awareness creation on the disability issues and the need for inclusive education. There should be increased funding to support inclusive education. The County governments in Kenya should also be recognized and involved as major stakeholders in the implementation of inclusive education programs in the country.

Effects of parent involvement on students' academic performance in Fiji

Vuniani Nakatabula Vasu Graduate School of Government, Business, and Entre 2021 국내석사

연구는 피지의 Vanuabalavu에 있는 Adi Maopa 중학교에서 중학생들의 학업성취에 부모의 개임이 미치는 영향을 탐구했다. 연령, 형제 자매 수, 학력, 가계 소득, 부모의 취업 상태와 같은 부모의 사회경제적 요인과 학생의 학업 성취도 사이의 관계를 연구하였다. 또한 성별 및 영어 능력과 같은 학생 요소에 중점을 두었다. 이와 함께 부모의 관여(양육, 학교와의 소통, 가정에서의 학습, 지역사회와의 협업)의 일부 측면과 학생들의 학업성취도와의 관계에도 초점을 맞췄다. 연구 샘플은 Adi Maopa 중학교에 재학 중인 학생 100명으로 구성되었으며, 이 학생들을 관찰하기 위해 학생과 학부모 100명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했다. 데이터 수집을 위해 학생과 학부모 모두에게 두 세트의 서로 다른 설문지가 제공되었으며, 데이터는 빈도, 카이-제곱, 상관 관계 및 로지스틱 회귀를 통해 분석되었다. 이 연구는 부모 연령, 교육 수준, 고용 상태와 같은 요인이 부모에게 영향을 미치는 것처럼 보였더라도 모든 부모의 사회학적 요소와 학생 요소가 더 나은 학업 성취도를 예측한다는 것을 밝혀내지 못했다. 하지만, 이 연구는 부모들의 참여와 학생들의 학업 성취 사이의 강한 연관성을 보여주었다. 이 연구는 정부가 정책 개혁을 통해 부모들의 참여를 강화하고 부모들의 개입을 개선하기 위한 워크숍을 구성할 것을 권고하고 있다. 학부모들에게, 야간 통행금지를 설정하고, 밖에서 노는 아이들의 시간, TV 시청 시간, 휴대전화 사용 시간, 컴퓨터 사용 시간을 감시하고, 출석률을 감시하고, 취침시간을 통제하고, 학교 규율과 규칙을 지원하는 것이 적극 권장된다. 이와 함께 학교 행정부는 학부모 참여를 막는 장벽(근무 시간에 학부모-교사 회의를 조직하고, 학부모에게 충분한 신뢰를 주지 않는 등)을 제거하고 투명하게 학교 자금을 관리하고 교내 문제에 대해 우려를 표하는 학부모를 따뜻하게 환영해야 한다. 이것은 부모들이 그들의 자녀 교육에 관여할 모든 권리를 가지고 있다는 것을 알게 할 것이다. 다른 하나는 학교장이 학교 프로그램과 진도에 대해 학교-가정 간, 가정-학교 간 의사소통 방법의 질적이고 효과적 활용을 보장해야 한다는 점이다. 또한 지방정부는 학교, 학부모, 지역사회가 긍정적인 소통의 기회를 더 많이 만들어야 한다. 대부분의 권고안은 학부모와의 워크숍 실시를 요구하기 때문에, 중앙정부는 각 학년 내에 학교장이 학부모에게 제공해야 하는 학부모 참여 형식에 대한 커리큘럼을 설계해야 한다는 의견이 높다. 이를 통해 학부모 대다수가 자녀 학업성취도에서 자신의 역할과 책임을 이해할 수 있게 된다. This research explored the effects of parental involvement on secondary school students’ academic achievement at Adi Maopa Secondary School in Vanuabalavu, Fiji. The relationship between parents’ socio-economic factors such as age, number of siblings, education level, household income and parent’s employment status and students’ academic achievement has been studied. Also it focused on student factors such as gender, English proficiency, attitude and term 1 exam result. Together with this, the study also concentrated on the relationship between some aspects of parental involvement (parenting, communicating with the school, learning at home, collaborating with the community) and students’ academic performance. The study sample consisted of 100 students attending Adi Maopa Secondary school and to observe these students, the survey was carried out to the 100 students themselves and their parents. Two sets of different questionnaire were given to both students and parents for the collection of data which were then analyzed through frequencies, chi-square, correlations and Logistic regression. This study did not reveal that all parents’ socio-demographic factors and student factors predict better academic achievement even if a factor like parent’s age, education level employment status, student’s attitude and student’s early exam result seemed to have an impact on them. However, the study revealed a strong connection between parental involvement and students’ academic achievement. The study recommends that the government strengthens parents’ involvement through policy reforms and organizes workshops to improve parental involvement. For parents, it is highly suggested to set curfews, monitor the children time of playing outside, TV watching hours, phones, computer; monitor attendance; control children bedtime and support the school discipline plan and rules. Together with this, schools’ administrations must try to eliminate barriers that prevent parental involvement, (organizing parents-teachers’ meetings at working hours, not giving enough credit or consideration to parents…), manage transparently the schools’ funds and warmly welcome parents who show concerns about the school matters. This will let parents know that they have all the rights to be involved the education of their children. The other one is that school heads must ensure to utilise quality and effective communication methods from school-to-home and from home-to-school about school programs and progress.Also the local government, must create more opportunities for positive communication among the school, parents, and community. Since most recommendations requires workshops to parents, therefore it is highly suggested that the central government must design a curriculum on parent involvement types that needs to be addressed by school heads to parents within each academic year. This will allow majority of the parents to understand their roles and responsibilities in their children academic performance.

(The) effects of school-related gender-based violence on students' absenteeism in primary schools in Southern and Eastern Africa

이소라 Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2019 국내석사

This study examines the relationship between school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) and students’ absenteeism in primary schools in 14 Southern and Eastern African countries. Gender-based violence (GBV) in school severely jeopardizes the student’s health and reduces educational outcomes. In sub-Saharan Africa, gender-based violence in school is more problematic due to the deeply ingrained gender inequality. To investigate the relationship between SRGBV and absenteeism, this study employs multivariate regression and a large cross-country dataset, the third round of Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) data. Results indicate that school-related gender-based violence with teachers as perpetrators increases student absence rates in primary schools, especially for sexual harassment, while there is no correlation between pupils’ violence and students’ absenteeism. GBV adversely affects the whole school environment by inhibiting direct and indirect victims’ learning. Furthermore, GBV is rooted in power relation, which is more powerful for teacher-to-pupil relation than pupil-to-pupil relation, and punishment for the teacher’s perpetration in too light in sub-Saharan Africa. Although this research is not without limitations, it does imply that stronger law enforcement on perpetrators, protection of victims, and enhanced teacher training are needed in order to ensure safe school environments.