All-trans Retinoic Acid-Enhanced Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Secretion of Human Monocytic THP-1

VU THI HIEN Gachon University 2017 국내석사

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) also known as gelatinase A, belongs to (MMPs) family and involves in breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous studies showed that MMP-2 not only participates in processes of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and it also plays an important role in inflammation by cleavage of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we investigated the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, on MMP-2 expression of human monocyte THP-1. Cells treated with various concentrations (from 0.1 nM to 1 μM or 10 μM) or various time points (from 6 h to 72 h) showed a significant increase in MMP-2 mRNA expression. However, cell surface MMP-2 protein was decreased. To evaluate the level of secreted-MMP-2 proteins, culture supernatant was collected, concentrated and subjected to western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Upon ATRA treatment, MMP-2 secretion was induced in both time-and concentration-dependent manners. In Western blot data, MMP-2 secretion from THP-1 cells started to increase after 6 h and reached maximum after 48 h treatment with 100 nM ATRA. Similarly, the data obtained from ELISA indicated the same tendency. Experiments with agonists or antagonists for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR) revealed that ATRA-induced MMP-2 secretion depends on classical RARα-RXRα heterodimer pathway. There was an increase of intracellular calcium level by ATRA treatment and this increase was inhibited by the treatment with RAR or RXR antagonists or calcium channel blockers Verapamil. Our results revealed that ATRA induced-MMP-2 secretion of human monocytes is mediated through RAR/RXR signaling pathway and dependent on calcium. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the function of secreted MMP-2 induced by ATRA. Keywords: All-trans retinoic acid, Matrix metalloproteinase-2, Secretion, RAR/RXR, THP-1.

Enabling multi-domain service function chaining for network service outsourcing

Vu Anh Vu Soongsil university 2017 국내석사

Recently, Software-defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization has been reforming data centers, giving them the ability to accommodate various new technologies, including Service Function Chaining, which provides quick and flexible network service provision by defining an ordered list of service functions that data packets have to go through. Currently, service providers make service function chains from their services deployed in their data centers. However, in some situations, they need to outsource their services to other third-party providers. This thesis proposes a platform, including its architecture built on top of current Network Function Virtualization model and necessary protocols, to enable distributing Service Function Chaining over multiple managing domains, aiming to establish an environment for Network Service Outsourcing. On top of this platform, we propose a service function path selection algorithm which provides the balance between service chain startup delay and end-to-end latency, adapting to service function chain requirements. Finally, the implementation of the architecture and our algorithm performance evaluation will be shown. 최근에는 소프트웨어 정의 네트워킹 및 네트워크 기능 가상화가 데이터 센터를 개편하여 서비스 기능 체인을 포함한 다양한 신기술을 수용할 수 있게 되었다. 서비스 기능 체인은 데이터 패킷이 순서화 된 서비스 기능 목록을 정의하여 빠르고 유연한 네트워크 서비스를 제공한다. 현재 서비스 제공 업체는 데이터 센터에 구축 된 서비스만으로 서비스 기능 체인을 만든다. 그러나 일부 상황에서는 다른 공급 업체에 서비스를 아웃소싱 해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 서비스 아웃소싱 환경 구축을 목표로 다중 관리 영역에 분산된 서비스 기능 체이닝을 가능하도록 하는 프로토콜과 플랫폼을 제안한다. 제안된 플랫폼에서 서비스 기능의 초기구성 지연과 종단간 서비스 지연 사이의 균형을 제공하는 서비스 기능 경로 선택 알고리즘을 구현하고 평가한다.

Accelerating the evolution of bacteriophages targeting Acinetobacter baumannii in host range expansion and determination of its background genetic mechanisms

Vu Thao Nguyen Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

Prior to the discovery and widespread use of antibiotics, bacteriophages (phages) were a potential solution for preventing and treating bacterial infections (1, 2). With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, there has been a renewed interest in phages (3). However, a major limitation to using phage as therapy is their narrow host range, limiting their effectiveness to specific bacterial strains of the same species (4). To address this limitation, phage training, such as Appelmans protocol, has been proposed as a strategy for expanding the host range of phages (5). Despite its potential, there are currently no reports of the protocol being applied to phages targeting Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a variety of hospitalacquired infections with high mortality rate (6). The aims of my dissertation were to apply the Appelmans protocol for expanding the host range of a phage cocktail targeting A. baumannii and evaluate the therapeutic potential of the expanded host range phages generated from the protocol. Additionally, the genetic mechanism underlying the protocol was also investigated to gain insights into its effectiveness. Chapter I provides a brief overview of Acinetobacter baumannii and highlights the significant global concern surrounding carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) strains. Furthermore, it introduces the fundamental background on bacteriophages and phage therapy, along with their limitations and discusses various approaches to overcome these challenges. Chapter II describes the application of the Appelmans protocol as a host range expansion method to broaden the host range of a phage cocktail targeting CRAB. The assessment of the host range expansion covered both the output cocktail and individual phage clones generated from the method. While the protocol consistently demonstrated the capability to expand the host range of the cocktail, it faced challenges when dealing with CRAB strains. Chapter III delves into the screening and characterization process used to identify potential therapeutic phages. The focus was on evaluating individual phage clones generated from the Appelmans protocol for therapeutic applications. Throughout the evaluation, key factors such as host range stability,lytic growth, transduction potential, and the absence of toxin genes were rigorously examined. However, it is noteworthy that the expanded host range phages obtained from this protocol exhibited limited stability, raising concerns about their suitability for therapeutic purposes. Chapter IV discusses the genetic insights into the Appelmans protocol’s mechanism, not only based on previous studies involving phages targeting different bacterial species but also when applied to the phage cocktail targeting CRAB. A bioinformatics workflow was established to analyze the ancestral of the expanded host range generated from the protocol and the finding revealed that they were recombinant derivatives of prophages induced from encountered bacterial strains. Favorable conditions and explanations for prophage induction during this protocol were proposed to support this genetic mechanism. In conclusion, this dissertation focused on the potential and challenges of a phage training method, especially, the Appelmans protocol in expanding the host range of phages for therapeutic applications. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying phage-host interactions to optimize phage therapy strategies for combating antibioticresistant bacterial infections. Parts of this dissertation are adapted from Vu TN, Clark JR, Jang E, D'Souza R, Nguyen LP, Pinto NA, et al. Appelmans protocol - A directed in vitro evolution enables induction and recombination of prophages with expanded host range. Virus Res. 2023;339:199272.

Preparation of aminoclay-polymer nanocomposite hydrogels

BUI KHAC HOANG VU Gachon University 2017 국내석사

Aminoclay has been revealed to have potential in many applications. In this research, we used freezing-thawing method for 3 consecutive cycles to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels composite with magnesium organophyllosilicate (MgAC) and zinc organophyllosilicate (ZnAC-[Cl2]). These hydrogels were tested by gel fraction, swelling ratio and SEM observation. In general, the presence of aminoclay materials reduced the gel fraction but increased the swelling ratio and porous size of hydrogels. The radial diffusion method was applied for antimicrobial test. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were chosen as harmful bacteria. The ZnAC-[Cl2]/PVA hydrogels have stronger antimicrobial activity compared to MgAC/PVA hydrogels. We also prepared MgAC/PVA hydrogels with silver nanowire (AgNW) at different concentration. From initial experiments, silver nanowire enhanced antimicrobial activity but did not affect gel fraction and swelling ratio ability

Dynamic identification and sliding mode control of a delta robot

Vu, Huy-Hoang Soongsil University 2017 국내석사

Nowadays, delta robot plays an important role in industrial manufacturing chain due to many advantages such as stability, high speed and precision. A model based robust control is required to improve speed and acceleration of a delta robot. Therefore, an experimental identification procedure is inevitable to obtain an accurate model. Until now, the experimental identifications of the dynamics of parallel robots were done with simple models together adaptive control algorithms. However, the dynamic model must be efficiently formulated to meet real-time requirements. In this research, the model identification parameters such as masses, moments of inertia and friction parameters are identified. An advanced control (sliding mode control) is designed using the identified robot dynamic model. Control performance of the sliding mode and conventional PID controls is compared experimentally. The sliding mode control is shown better control performance due to nonlinearity of the delta robot. 요즘, 델타 로봇은 안정성, 고속 및 정밀도와 같은 많은 장점으로 인해 산업 생산 체인에서 중요한 역할을합니다. 델타 로봇의 속도와 가속도를 향상시키기 위해서는 모델 기반의 견고한 제어가 필요합니다. 따라서, 정확한 모델을 얻기 위해서는 실험적 식별 절차가 필연적이다. 지금까지 병렬 로봇의 동역학에 대한 실험적 확인은 단순한 모델과 함께 적응 제어 알고리즘으로 수행되었습니다. 그러나 동적 모델은 실시간 요구 사항을 충족 시키도록 효율적으로 공식화되어야합니다. 이 연구에서는 질량, 관성 모멘트 및 마찰 매개 변수와 같은 모델 식별 매개 변수가 식별됩니다. 고급 제어 (슬라이딩 모드 제어)는 식별 된 로봇 동적 모델을 사용하여 설계됩니다. 슬라이딩 모드와 종래의 PID 제어의 제어 성능은 실험적으로 비교된다. 슬라이딩 모드 제어는 델타 로봇의 비선형 성으로 인해보다 우수한 제어 성능을 보입니다.

천연 고분자를 이용한 내수성 자외선 활성화 산소 지시계 개발

VU THAI HAI CHAU 동국대학교 2012 국내석사

The main cause for most food spoilage is oxygen because it can trigger or accelerate both chemical and enzymatic reactions to deteriorate food. Oxygen is also vital for the growth of food spoilage microorganism. For those reasons, to lower the concentration of oxygen is necessary to elongate food shelf-life as well as maintain food quality. In modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), the food package is flushed with inert gas such as nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide so that the oxygen can be removed. However, the packaging can be tampered with or damaged during storage and transport and thus the food can be contaminated with oxygen, which requires a quick and easy method to detect oxygen: a visual oxygen indicator. Oxygen indicator has drawn attention of researchers for a long time and many of them are ?invisible?, i.e. the change in oxygen concentration is detected with luminescence intensity and additional equipment is needed for intensity measurement. This kind of indicator is not only inconvenient but also can?t be applied outside the laboratory. Hence, visual oxygen indicator is preferred because even untrained person can use it without any difficulties. This kind of indicator usually has different colors in the presence or absence of oxygen in a certain concentration and can assure the food safety. The most well-known and commercial visual oxygen indicator was developed by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Ageless Eye?. The colorimetric indicator, which comprises a redox dye (e.g. methylene blue) and a reducing agent (e.g. glucose) in alkaline medium, turns blue from pink when oxygen is present in the headspace (≤ 0.5%). However, this indicator must be kept under anaerobic conditions for storage because the reaction happens spontaneously. Moreover, the color change is reversible, which may cause possible false readings. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, UV-activated oxygen indicator has been suggested. This indicator ink consists of a redox dye, a photosensitiser semiconductor (SC), a sacrificial electron donor (SED), and solvent such as water or ethanol. This ink is coated on food packaging films with biopolymers which enforces the water resistance of oxygen indicator. Several candidates for ink components were tested and it was found that suitable redox dyes for this application were methylene blue and thionine. They could be bleached within no more than 5 min and provided striking color difference in the absence or presence of oxygen. Among tested SC, the nanoparticle powder of titanium(IV) oxide and tin(IV) oxide, which can absorb only lights in the UV range, were shown to be appropriate. As SED, glycerol and triethanolamine (TEOA) worked perfectly in our study. However, for food safety the final optimized components of ink were methylene blue, glycerol and P25 titanium(IV) oxide. Encapsulation polymers were also used to reinforce the water resistance of oxygen indicator. Two natural polymers were also tested: corn-extracted zein and alginate. Indicator films made with alginate could protect the indicator about 4 times better than zeinsystem and even show higher recovery rate than the previous system to use sulfonated polystyrene as encapsulation polymer.

Humoral immune responses to recombinant plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 in korean patients

Hang,Vu Thi Thu 인제대학교대학원 2011 국내석사

ABSTRACT Humoral Immune Responses to Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen-1 in Korean Patients Vu Thi Thu Hang (Medical Parasitology) (Adviser: Prof. Weon-Gyu Kho, M.D., Ph.D.) Department of Medicine, Graduate School Inje University Objectives: Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) is one of antigen candidates for malarial vaccine. It is thought to play an important role in invasion processes of merozoites to red cells. Its extracellular portion is divided by three domains (DI, DII, and DIII), and each domain has different immunogenicity in the vertebral host. In this study, we aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of recombinant P. vivax AMA-1 domains against immune sera from Korean patients. Methods: Each domain of the P. vivax AMA-1 extracellular portion was expressed, individually or in combination (DII, DI-II, DII-III, and DI-II-III) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The antibody titer of immunoglobulin G and M of Korean patients (n=115) and non-immune sera (n=30) against the each domain by ELISA. Cut-off point of positive reaction was set at standard deviations above the mean OD450 of non-immune sera. Results: The molecular masses of recombinant PvAMA-1 fragments were DII: 23 kDa; DI-II: 45 kDa; DII-III: 36 kDa; DI-II-III: 57 kDa. The positive rates of immunoglobulin antibodies were DII: 68.99±2.574%; DI-II: 60.29±6.96%; DII-III: 60.87±6.087%; DI-II-III: 60.58±8.984% for IgG antibody, and DII: 69.57±8.08%; DI-II: 42.9±13.19%; DII-III: 57.97±12.52%; DI-II-III: 52.17±13.5% for IgM antibody. Conclusion: These results suggest that DII of PvAMA-1 is the most immunogenic domain of the PvAMA-1 for IgG and IgM antibody in P. vivax malaria. This may be useful information for the development of an effective blood stage vaccine. Key words: Plasmodium vivax, Apical membrane antigen-1, Korean, Immunogenicity, IgG, IgM

국부적 고장극복 방법

Vu Huy Thao(부휴타우) 명지대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Nowadays, there are various networked systems with many computers. In most networked systems, keeping transmitting and/or receiving data continuously even though failures exist is a crucial objective. How can make a computer continue transmitting and/or receiving data even when there are some errors on a link? Fault-Tolerant Ethernet (FTE) can be a solution to this question. FTE makes a networking system can continue running while there are errors on the network connection. Although FTE solve problems with Ethernet connection; however, it does not fully research about the applications, especially, TCP/IP-based applications. Besides, many web pages or web-based applications recently are based on TCP/IP model. The model is more popular and variety of application programmers chooses it for their networking applications. Therefore the importance for providing a fault tolerant method for TCP/IP model in the faulty networking environment is increasing day-by-day. In this thesis, we propose two methods, a Localized Software-based Approach for Fault-Tolerant Ethernet (LSFTE) and a Fault tolerant method for TCP/IP-based applications in a server. Our first new approach, LSFTE, fulfills general FTE's requirements. It takes advantages of the redundant cable lines to maintain the communication in the faulty environment. A software layer which uses a simple and effective algorithm is added above NIC card driver software to detect and overcome faults. For our approach, there is no need to change for existing hardware and the end-use interfaces. Besides, the fault-detecting time is reduced significantly compared to the conventional software-based approaches. The second method also utilizes the redundant cables in the server to maintain the connection for these applications from the server to clients. It keeps these applications continue transmitting or receiving data even though there are some errors occurring on the network connection. Therefore, the data which the server transmitted to clients is not corrupted and lost. Moreover, it is not necessary to modify the present TCP/IP protocol or networking applications because our approach is implemented as an independent daemon of the networking applications and services. This method also satisfies COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Self) requirements by using the conventional hardware. 현대에는 많은 수의 컴퓨터들이 연결된 다양한 네트워크 시스템이 있다. 대부분의 네트워크 시스템에서는 고장이 있어도 중요한 목적에 대해서는 지속적으로 데이터를 송/수신 하고자 한다. 어떻게 연결된 링크에 고장이 발생하였을 때에도, 컴퓨터의 데이터 송/수신을 할 수 있을까? 이 질문에 대한 해답은 FTE (Fault-Tolerant Etnernet)에 있다. FTE는 네트워크 연결에 오류가 있을 때에도 네트워크 시스템을 지속적으로 동작할 수 있도록 지원한다. 따라서 FTE는 이더넷 연결에 대한 문제점들을 해결할 수 있다. 그러나, TCP/IP 를 기반으로 활용한 응용프로그램과 같이, 모든 상황에 대한 것은 해결책을 제시하는 것은 아니다. 요즈음 대다수의 web page와 web 기반의 응용프로그램들은 TCP/IP를 기본 모델로 사용한 것이다. 이러한 모델은 더욱 확산되고, 다양한 응용 프로그래머들이 자신의 네트워크 응용프로그램을 위해 선택하고 있다. 따라서 나날이 증가하고 있는 네트워크의 오류에 TCP/IP 모델에 대한 고장 복구 방안을 제공하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 두가지 모델을 제시할 것이다. Local에서 소프트웨어 기반으로 고장복구를 지원하는 방법(LSFTE)과 서버에서 TCP/IP 기반으로 한 응용프로그램을 위한 고장 복구 방안이다. 첫번째 접근 방법, LSFTE는 일반적인 FTE의 요구사항을 모두 만족한다. 즉, 오류가 일어난 환경에서 이중화된 케이블을 연결하여 통신을 유지하도록 하는 장점을 가지고 있다. NIC의 Driver 프로그램에 고장을 감지하고 복구할 수 있도록 간단하지만 효율적인 프로그램을 삽입한다. 본 제안방법에서, 현재 사용하고 있는 하드웨어와 NIC를 새롭게 바꿔줄 필요없이 그대로 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 고장을 감지하는 시간에서도 상용화된 소프트웨어기반의 프로그램과 비교하였을 때, 상당히 단축할 수 있다. 두 번째 방안 또한 서버와 연결된 Client 들과의 연결에서 이중화된 케이블을 사용하여 응용프로그램의 연동을 유지하도록 한다. 이것은 네트워크 연결에서 오류가 발생하여도 응용프로그램들이 지속적으로 데이터를 송/수신할 수 있도록 지원한다. 따라서, 서버에서 전송된 데이터는 잃어버리지 않고 Client 로 전송된다. 또한, 제안된 방안은 서버나 네트워크 프로그램과는 독립적인 데몬을 사용하므로, 사용하던 TCP/IP 프로토콜이나 네트워크 프로그램의 변경없이 사용이 가능하다. 이러한 것들이 현재의 하드웨어를 그대로 사용하도록 하는 COTS Commercial-Off-The-Self)의 요구사항을 충족한다.

Pay more or less? The antecedents of corruption intensity and the moderating effect of anti-corruption policy in emerging market : evidence from Vietnam

Vu Thi Thu Thao Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내석사

Throughout history, corruption has been a significant obstacle to economic and social development, with bribery being one of the most common forms of this practice. This study statistically analyzed the antecedents of bribe payments to local officials and the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies at the firm level in Vietnam by examining 1,529 foreign investment enterprises in the country in 2019. By integrating institutional theory and liability of foreignness into data analysis, this study found significant relationships between (i) political ties, (ii) public disclosure, (iii) infrastructure quality, and (iv) anti-corruption policies. Our empirical findings show that anti-corruption policies do not alleviate the intensity and cost of bribery at the regional level, emphasizing the need to legislate practically effective corruption remedies in Vietnam. Additionally, Vietnam should consider the factors influencing corruption levels to develop appropriate anti-corruption policies. 부패는 경제 및 사회 발전의 큰 걸림돌로 알려져 있으며 인류와 함께 오랜 역사를 가지고 있다. 부패의 가장 일반적인 형태의 하나는 뇌물 지급이다. 이에 본 연구는 베트남에 진출한 1,529 개 외국인투자기업(foreign investment enterprise)들을 대상으로 현지 관료에 대한 뇌물 지급의 선행 요인 및 반부패 정책의 효과를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 이 연구를 위한 자료는 2019 년 베트남 정부가 미국국제개발처(USAID)와 함께 실시한 설문조사 및 베트남 정부가 2019 년 발표한 공공기관성과지표(Public Administration Performance Index)로부터 획득하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 외국인투자기업의 경영자들이 베트남 정부 관료들과 가지는 (i) ‘정치적 연계 정도’가 뇌물 지급 정도를 높이는 반면, 이들 경영자들이 인식하는 (ii) ‘지방 정부의 투명한 정보 공개 정도’와 (iii) ‘사회적 인프라시설의 수준,’ 그리고 (iv) ‘지방 정부의 반부패 정책의 효과성’은 뇌물 지급의 정도를 낮춘다는 것을 보여준다. 그러나 각 지방 정부의 반부패 정책이 이러한 관계를 강화하거나 약화시켜주는 조절효과는 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구는 베트남에서 부패를 억제하기 위해 효과적인 반부패 정책을 입법화해야 할 필요성이 있으며, 본 연구에서 드러난 부패 수준을 결정하는 주요 요인들을 고려하여 적절한 부패 정책을 수립할 필요성이 있음을 제시한다.

Deactivation Behavior of Pt-based Catalysts in Dehydrogenation of Propane

VU BAO KHANH 울산대학교 2011 국내박사

First of all, the nature of coke in propane dehydrogenation over Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/SBA-15 catalyst was investigated by FTIR, NMR, and XPS. NMR and FTIR spectra proved that the coke produced in the reaction contained poly-aromatic rings, which was consistent with the previous result that the pregraphite-like coke structure was formed. The XPS results indicated that the coke deposits consisted of sp2 hybridized carbon. All of the characterizations indicated that the pregraphite-like coke containing the poly-aromatic ring structure was generated over the catalysts during the propane dehydrogenation. Furthermore, the XPS measurement demonstrated that the coke deposits interacted with Pt and the electron density of Pt was enriched through the interaction. This study indicates that the coke structure is independent of the type of the support used in propane dehydrogenation at 600 ?aC and atmospheric pressure. Then, the influence of Sn addition into Pt/Al2O3 catalyst on location and structure of coke was studied. Pt and Pt-Sn/alumina catalysts were prepared by either an incipient wetness impregnation or co-impregnation method, and their deactivation behavior, coke structure and coke location in propane dehydrogenation were investigated by XRD, XPS, TPO and reaction tests. The XRD and XPS measurements confirmed that coke structure over all spent catalysts was pregraphite-like carbon, which presents at two theta = 25?X in XRD patterns and binding energy = 283.9 eV in XPS spectra. In the TPO results, along with Sn contents, oxidation peak of coke was shifted to a higher temperature, which can be interpreted that coke formed during the reaction was mainly located on the support in the case of Pt-Sn/alumina because coke generated on near metal surfaces was readily transferred to the support in the presence of Sn. This would be responsible for high tolerance of Pt-Sn/Al2O3 to catalyst deactivation. This research suggests that Sn modify both electronic and geometric property of Pt that the former and the later lead to higher propene selectivity and lower coke content, respectively. After that, the performance of supported Pt-Sn catalysts was monitored over conventional ??-Al2O3 support and non-acidic ZnAl2O4 support. Pt-Sn/ZnAl2O4 catalyst showed a stronger tolerance for catalytic deactivation than the Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst. In this study, we propose that the high catalytic stability of Pt-Sn/ZnAl2O4 originates from the relatively faster coke mobility from the metal surface to the support, which was proven by XPS measurements. XRD and HRTEM associated with EDX demonstrated that Pt-Sn alloy phases over the catalysts were transformed during the reaction and that the bimetallic phase transition was different according to the supports. Both PtSn and Pt3Sn alloys were formed on the reduced Pt-Sn/Al2O3, while only the PtSn alloy was observed on the reduced Pt-Sn/ZnAl2O4. The Pt3Sn phase was dominant over the spent Pt-Sn/Al2O3, whereas the PtSn phase remained unchanged over the spent Pt-Sn/ZnAl2O4 after reactions for 160 and 240 min. The different bimetallic alloy formations and phase transitions in the Pt-Sn catalyst systems cause different coke mobilities. Next, the influences of La-, Ce-, and Y-doped Al2O3 on the formation, stability, and catalytic performance of Pt-Sn alloys in propane dehydrogenation were investigated. Diverse characterizations such as 27Al MAS-NMR, XRD, and XPS revealed that a portion of the La, Ce, and Y was incorporated into the Al2O3 framework; La and Y also formed a dispersed phase, whereas Ce constituted as a separate phase of CeO2 on Al2O3. Moreover, La-, Ce-, and Y-doped Al2O3 increased the Pt dispersion and decreased the reduction temperature of the Pt-Sn species comparable to those on Al2O3, confirmed via CO chemisorption, XPS, and TPR. In catalytic tests, the Pt-Sn/La and Pt-Sn/Ce-Al catalysts exhibited the best catalytic performances and stabilities because of the low coke content, high stability of Pt-Sn alloy phases, and small loss of Pt dispersion. The XRD measurements identified the formation of Pt-Sn alloy phases after reduction and the phase transition during the reaction. Pt3Sn and PtSn alloys were formed on the reduced Pt-Sn/Al catalyst, while the PtSn alloy was transformed predominantly into Pt3Sn alloy via reaction with the Pt-Sn/Al catalyst. Alternatively, only the PtSn alloy was formed on the reduced Pt-Sn/La-Al catalyst, and it exhibited a significant stability even though a new phase of Pt3Sn appeared on the spent Pt-Sn/La-Al catalyst. A PtSn2 alloy was formed on the reduced Pt-Sn/Ce-Al and Pt-Sn/Y-Al catalysts, and both PtSn2 and Pt3Sn alloys coexisted on the spent Pt-Sn/Ce-Al and Pt-Sn/Y-Al catalysts; however, the PtSn2 phase was more stable on the spent Pt-Sn/Ce-Al than it was on the spent Pt-Sn/Y-Al, on which it nearly transformed into the Pt3Sn phase. The transition to the Pt3Sn alloy during the reaction in the Pt-Sn bimetallic system was responsible for a weak tolerance for catalyst deactivation. Finally, in order to elucidate the influence of the supports on oxidation temperature of coke in catalytic regeneration, we prepared five supported Pt catalysts (Pt/SBA-15, Pt/Al2O3, Pt/MgO, Pt/CeO2, and Pt/Ce0.63Zr0.37O2) to investigate systematically the influence of oxygen mobility of the support on oxidation temperature of coke in propane dehydrogenation. Coking process was performed at atmospheric pressure and 600 ?aC in a fixed-bed reactor. A strong correlation between oxygen mobility of the support and oxidation temperature of coke was revealed. The support in the order of decreasing oxygen mobility CeZrO2 > CeO2 > MgO > Al2O3 > SBA-15 resulted in the same order of increasing oxidation temperature of coke. The present study suggests that lowering the oxidation temperature of coke can be obtained by designing one support or mixture of the supports with high oxygen mobility.