Genetic analysis of PARK2 gene in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease

박인원 忠南大學校 新藥專門大學院 2016 국내박사

Mutations in PARK2 are considered a common cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To assess the frequency of PARK2 mutations in the Korean population, we screened the PARK2 gene in 83 Korean PD patients: two young onset (YO, ≤49), 32 middle onset (MO, 50-69) and 49 late onset (LO, 70). Detection of the point mutations was performed by direct sequencing of the PARK2 exons, and exonic rearrangements were analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Five known PARK2 variants were identified in 53 (63.9%) of the Korean PD patients: two missense mutations (Y267H and M458L) and three polymorphisms (S167N, L272I and V380L). We also found an increased frequency of PARK2 variants in PD patients and a lowered PD age at onset (AAO) in those having two variants, suggesting that the genetic variation in PARK2 gene might be a genetic risk factor of PD in Korean population.

공동주택 지하주차장 평면형태 및 환기구의 배치에 따른 공기유동에 관한 연구

박성원 부산대학교 2010 국내석사

The study on the airflow based on the array of ventilator and plan of the underground parking lot in apartment As demands of the residents have been variously changing according to the construction of the apartment house and the fast economic growth, the construction companies spurs the development of the apartment house flavored with environmental friendly factors. Also because of the multiple apartment project, the basement car park alone can not handle the rapid growth of the vehicles and the resident puts more and more emphasis on securing car park space for the freedom from the vehicles on the ground and for the safety of their children. Recently, as the interest about natural energy, the tendency minimizing the mechanical energy also appears. According to this trend, there has been growing attempts in order to apply the environmental friendly technologies to the apartment house. But the reality is that the systems doesn't virtually function well because the existing mechanical systems are applied. Consequently, the deterioration of the air and the brightness in the basement car park exacerbates the environments of the basement car park. And the study on the feasibility of the natural ventilation according to the unit-plan type of the basement car park and the performance of the skylight, is still insignificant. Thus, in this study, we intend to simulate, through the CFD, the air current by natural driving power by classifying the existing basement car parks into the unit-plan type and the direction of the vehicle traffic. Through classifying the existing basement car parks by the type of vehicle traffic that is the type of arrangement such as one-way or bidirectional traffic and deploying the ventilating openings by 3 types which enables the skylights, linked the ground for the purpose of collecting the light, play the role of ventilation at the same time, we forecast the air current of the basement car park by using CFD(Computational Fluids Dynamics) and, based on that, suggest the plan to improve the ventilating function of the basement car park by utilizing the natural ventilation. In this study, we research the general theories, that is 'the ventilation theory of underground space and the test method of ventilating performance' and interpret, through CFD, the air current of the target models according to the layout of the ventilation openings based on mean of air age and air exchange effectiveness by using computer simulation. As a result, we draw the conclusion as follows: (1) In respect of the air age according to the type of the vehicle traffic such as one way traffic and bidirectional traffic, the bidirectional traffic shows 30,405 seconds while 14,070 seconds in one way traffic indicating that the one way traffic abates by more than 50%. Therefore, the air of the basement car park with one way traffic has superior air quality because of its' shorter air age. (2) In case of the existing basement car parks, Case A' air exchange rate is 4.44 while 7.76 times/h in Case B and 1.94 times/h in Case C. It appears comparatively small in Case C. We can draw the conclusion, through this finding, that the placement of several natural ventilators in the middle and on the edge is more effective than the placement of the natural ventilator with big area in the middle when placing natural ventilator. (3) In case of Case B where the installation is in the middle and on the edge of the basement car park, it appears excellent in both the air exchange and the air age, but the effective area of the space on the ground abates. There requires a plan for the placement accordingly. (4) In case of Case C where the circular air-vent with the smallest area of air-vent is installed, the velocity of air current appears the fastest. Thus, it seems that there requires the research on the appropriate size and the layout plan of the circular air-vents for the purpose of the increase of effective space on the ground. It is also necessary to comprehend the appropriate locations in order to improve the performance of the natural ventilation, through examining the characteristic of the air current according to the type of ventilating openings installed in the basement car park, the velocity of the current, the pressure distribution and the installation of the auxiliary equipments for the natural ventilation.

Adequacy evaluation of urban park provision considering accessibility and amenity by age and gender cohorts

박시진 한양대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

How does the national park management deliver their services? The perspective of service marketing focused on gunung gede pangrango national park, Indonesia

Maulana, Firman 서울시립대학교 국제도시과학대학원 2018 국내석사

인도네시아에 설립된 가장 오래된 국립공원 중 하나인 구눙 게대 빵랑오 국립공원(GGPNP)은 관광 개발의 기초로 생태관광을 선택했다. 생태관광과 관련된 모든 혜택에 관계 없이 미래에 최적의 이익을 얻으려면 여전히 해결해야 할 과제가 있다. 정부기관으로서 GGPNP는 방문객에게 서비스를 제공하는 관광 활동을 지원하는 단순한 관리 이상의 또 다른 역할을 한다. 최근의 사실은 국립공원에 방문하는 관광객 수가 여전히 적다는 것을 보여주며 그 이유 중 하나는 국립공원에서 마케팅에 대한 관심이 낮기 때문이다. 국립공원은 또한 성과 중 하나인 방문 관광객 수에 대한 목표를 달성해야 하지만 GGPNP의 경영진은 서비스 마케팅을 시행하여 국립공원을 홍보하는 방법에 주목하기 시작해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구는 서비스 마케팅 관점에서 GGPNP가 서비스를 제공하는 방법을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 또한 이 논문은 생태관광 원리를 강조하는 경영진 측면과 인지된 서비스 성과 차원을 강조하는 방문객 관점에서 서비스 마케팅의 3가지 요소(인력, 물리적 증거, 프로세스 관리)를 탐구한다. 조사 결과에 따르면 GGPNP의 서비스 마케팅 구현은 전반적으로 중간 수준이다. 이는 GGPNP가 이미 표준 서비스 마케팅을 수행하지만 마케팅 가치를 높이기 위해 해결하고 개선해야 할 몇 가지 사항이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인적 요소의 경우 GGPNP는 방문객에게 더 나은 서비스를 제공하기 위해 더 많은 인력을 충원하고 더 많은 교육을 제공해야 한다. 물리적 증거 요소의 경우 방문객은 GGPNP가 국립공원 지역에 머무는 동안 방문객에게 더 많은 지식과 편의를 제공하기 위해 국립공원 지역에 정보 표지판과 위생 시설을 개선하거나 추가해야 한다고 생각한다. 마지막으로, 프로세스 관리 요소에서 GGPNP는 더 많은 절차를 추가하고 고객 평가, 방문 우선순위 시민에 대한 대우(노인, 임산부, 장애인, 어린이), 방문객에게 피드백을 제공하는 방식에 대해 구체적인 사항을 추가해야 한다. GGPNP의 경영진에게 이 결과가 의미하는 바는 특히 인도네시아에서 국립공원의 서비스 마케팅에 대해 논의하는 이전 연구가 없었기 때문에 공식적인 계획 전략을 위한 마케팅 참조자료와 디딤돌을 제공하는 것이다. 또한 훌륭한 서비스 마케팅을 시행함으로써 장기적으로 국립공원을 방문하여 보존 메시지를 받고 환경에 대한 소속감을 높일 수 있는 사람들이 더 많아질 것이다. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) one of the oldest national parks established in Indonesia has chosen ecotourism as the basis of their strategy in developing tourism. Regardless of all of the benefits that come with ecotourism, there are challenges that are still need to be addressed to gain optimum benefit in the future. As a government agency, GGPNP has another role than just mere conservation which is supporting tourism activities which mainly about delivering a service to its visitors. The recent data shows that the number of tourist arrival to the national park is still low, and one of the reasons is the low interest of marketing for a national park. While the national park also needs to achieve the target for tourist arrival as one of their performance, the management of GGPNP needs to start their attention on how to market the national park through the implementation of service marketing. Due to these reasons, this research was conducted to examine how the GGPNP delivers their services from the perspective of services marketing. In particularly, this thesis explores the three elements of services marketing (personnel, physical evidence, and process management) from the perspective of management which emphasizes ecotourism principles and the perspective of visitor which emphasizes on perceived service performance dimension. The results of this survey show that as overall the implementation of service marketing in GGPNP is at a moderate level. This means that GGPNP already perform standard service marketing but there are several things that need to be addressed and improved to increase their marketing value. From the personnel element, the GGPNP need to consider adding more personnel and provide them with more training in order to deliver better services to the visitor. For the physical evidence element, the result also shows that the visitor thinks that GGPNP needs to improve or add more information signage and sanitary facilities in the national park area to give more knowledge and comfortability toward visitor during their stay in the area of national park. Lastly, from the process management element shown that GGPNP need to add more procedure and put more specific details on customer evaluation, treatment for priority citizen (elderly, pregnant woman, disabled person, and children) that come to visit, and how they provide their feedback to the visitor. This research is expected to serve as a stepping stone and reference on marketing and planning strategies of GGPNP since there was no previous research that discusses service marketing in the national park especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, by implementing good services marketing it is expected that for long-term outcome there will be more people to visit a national park to receive the message of conservation and hence increase their sense of belonging toward the environment.

Characterization and evaluation of the gene expression profile for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

박영목 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내박사

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Human-wildlife Conflict in Bardia National Park, Nepal

PAUDEL, Prabin University of Seoul, International School of Urban 2021 국내석사

지구 생태계의 균형을 이루기 위해서는 야생 생물 보존이 필수적이다. 하지만 야생 동물이 인간에게 피해를 입히면 인간은 그에 대한 복수로 야생 동물을 살상한다. 따라서 생태계 및 인간이 영위하는 생활의 지속 가능성을 위해서는 충돌을 최소화해야 한다. 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌은 바르디아 국립 공원(Bardia National Park)의 주요한 해결 과제이다. 효과적인 충돌 관리를 위해서는 구체적인 시공간 정보가 필수적이다. 그렇기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 바르디아 국립 공원의 완충 지대에서 11년(2010~2020) 동안 발생하여 기록된 충돌의 시공간적 분포를 조사하였다. 데이터 분석에는 기술 및 추론 통계를 사용하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면 기록된 충돌 횟수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 평균적으로 연간 806 건의 충돌이 기록되었다. 이 보호 구역에서 발생한 충돌의 주요 대상 종은 코끼리와 표범인데, 충돌의 59%가 남부 지역에서 기록되었다. 인간과 코끼리의 충돌 중 60% 이상이 8월, 9월, 10월 및 11월에 발생했다. 충돌이 가장 빈번한 계절은 종마다 다르지만, 코끼리, 표범, 호랑이 및 멧돼지의 경우 충돌의 계절적 분포가 유의미하다. 조사 대상 기간 동안의 손실 평가액 중 37%만이 보조금 형태로 지급되었다. 보조금을 받기까지의 과정도 길다. 따라서 지역을 바탕으로 주요 충돌 종을 관리하기 위한 월간 일정이 필수적이다. 초식 동물의 입맛에 덜 맞는 대체 작물을 재배하고 육식 동물의 침입을 막을 수 있는 축사를 장려하는 것이 필요하다. 전기 울타리를 설치하고 유지하며 대체 생계 수단을 제공함으로써 사람들의 삼림 출입을 줄이는 것 또한 중요하다. 이에 더해, 지역 사회를 대상으로 야생 동물의 행동에 대한 지식을 제공하고 교육을 실시하는 또한 바르디아 국립 공원 내에서의 충돌 사고를 축소하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 주요어: 인간과 야생 동물의 충돌, 시공간 분포, 바르디아 국립 공권, 완충 지대 Human-wildlife conflict is one of the major conservation challenges. Detail spatial and temporal information is essential for effective conflict management. Therefore, this study examines the distribution of conflicts based on space and time for eleven years (2010 to 2020) in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The result shows that the number of human-wildlife conflicts is increasing annually. Where on average, 806 conflicts per year were recorded. Elephant and leopard are the major conflicting species in this protected area, and 59 % of the conflict was recorded in the southern regions. More than sixty percent of human-elephant conflicts are recorded in August, September, October, and November. Major conflicting seasons vary with the species, where the distribution of conflict is significantly varied with the seasons for elephant, leopard, tiger, and wild boar. Attack due to carnivore is significantly higher in the new moon phase periods. Only 37 % of the evaluated loss was paid to the victim as a relief. A monthly calendar for the management of major conflicting species is essential. Farming of alternative crops that are less palatable for the herbivores and promoting predator-proof livestock shelter is needed. Where construction and maintenance of electric fences and reduction of dependency over forest resources by providing alternative sources of livelihood are crucial. Furthermore, providing knowledge and training about wildlife behavior to the local community will reduce the conflict and increase the harmony between people and wildlife.

First-Principles Characterization of Transition Metals on Oxide Films

Park, Jinwoo University of Seoul 2010 해외박사

Oxide-supported metal clusters and thin films have attracted a great deal of interest due to their importance in a wide range of technological applications, such as heterogeneous catalysis, gas sensors, corrosion-protective coatings, photovoltaic devices, and microelectronics. The adsorption, growth, and electronic characteristics of metal atoms adsorbed on oxides are of special interest, because these factors are supposed to help design and optimize methods for controlling processes concerning the desired chemical reaction and product. In this thesis, we performed ab initio electronic structure calculations to study the interactions of metal adatoms with ionic oxide atoms involving regular oxide surface atoms, surface oxygen defects like Fs centers, and metal supports. As an oxide, an MgO(001) surface, a prototype of an ionic oxide surface, was chosen here. All calculations were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT). First, a systematic approach was employed to investigate the adsorption geometries and electronic structures of late transition series (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on ideal defect-free MgO(001) surfaces. For the above elements, the adsorption geometries, diffusion, and associated electronic structures were examined. Our calculations showed the favorable adsorption of the transition metal (TM) adatoms on top of the surface O atom. Further analysis showed that the TM-induced states formed in the gap region of MgO(001) vary significantly with the adsorption geometries. The DFT calculations have been also applied to investigate the adsorption of the TM adatoms (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) on defective MgO(001) surfaces with Fs centers as surface defects of oxides. The TM adatoms were found to favorably bind on the Fs centers. From the calculated adsorption structures and electronic structures, we carried out a systematic comparative analysis of the interactions of the metal adatoms with the surface oxygen vacancy and the regular surface oxygen atom of MgO(001). Finally, the adsorption of metal adatoms (Au and Pd) on Fe-supported ultrathin MgO(001) films was studied. Experimentally, it is well known that MgO films are epitaxially grown on Fe(001) due to their favorable physical properties. As such, the Fe/MgO/Fe junctions have been used as a system for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with huge tunneling-magnetoresistance (TMR) values. Interestingly, our calculations showed that the MgO/Fe(001) films we propose in this work can be used as a viable thin oxide model system. An analysis of the electronic structures in the systems reveals the negative charging even for Pd adatoms with a lower electron affinity. This indicates that the Fe substrate supporting the MgO films significantly influences charge and/or spin states of the metal adatoms. The physical origin of the negative charging of Pd was also discussed. These calculations demonstrate the importance of the interactions of the metal adatoms with underlying oxides for controlling the electronic and chemical properties of metal adatoms, such as charge and spin states.

Economic analysis of energy storage system considering electricity tariffs in Korea : focus on complex facility in the Seoul city

Park, Sunghee Graduate School, Yonsei University 2018 국내박사

Recently, as the importance of environmental conservation has been emphasized around the world, various methods are being sought to reduce greenhouse gas and carbon emissions. One of these efforts is attracting attention as an energy storage system that can improve energy efficiency. However, there is very little scientific research on energy storage systems and there are very few cases in which the economic effects are proved. Therefore, the installation rate of private energy storage systems in the market is very low. Therefore, this study conducted economics analysis of ESS cases of large scale fusion and multi-complex facilities in Seoul and derived the maximization of operational efficiency based on this analysis. This is expected to contribute to creating a voluntary participation environment for potential users in the ESS market. 최근 환경 보존에 대한 중요성이 전 세계적으로 강조됨에 따라 온실 가스 및 탄소 배출량을 줄일 수 있는 다양한 방법이 강구되고 있다. 이러한 노력 중 하나로 에너지의 운영효율을 높여줄 수 있는 에너지 저장 시스템이 각광받고 있다. 하지만 에너지 저장 시스템에 대한 학술적 연구가 매우 미비하며 경제적 효과를 입증한 사례가 매우 부족하기 때문에 시장 내에서 민간 에너지 저장 시스템의 도입률이 매우 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시 내 대규모 융∙복합 시설의 ESS 운영 사례를 대상으로 경제성 분석을 실시하고 이를 기초로 한 운영 효율성 극대화 방안을 도출하였다. 이는 ESS 시장 내 잠재 수요자들의 자발적 참여 환경을 조성에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Fruit extracts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) promote the osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and prevent osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice

Park, Kunhee Sungkyunkwan University 2023 국내박사

The fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides) has been widely used for medicinal purposes because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, and antimicrobial effects. Since there are no clear reports on the therapeutic efficacy of H. rhamnoides in osteoporosis, this study aimed to confirm the potential use of H. rhamnoides for the treatment of osteoporosis through its osteogenic differentiation-promoting effect in ovariectomized mice. Through an in vitro study, the ethanol extract of H. rhamnoides fruits (EHRF) significantly stimulated the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and showed 7.5 times (p < 0.05) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated control. A solvent fractionation process of EHRF showed that the hexane-soluble fraction (HRH) showed 10.4 times (p < 0.01) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated control. Among the sub-fractions derived from the active HRH by preparative HPLC fractionation, HRHF4 showed 7.5 times (p < 0.05) higher osteogenesis than in the untreated naïve cells, and HRH and HRHF4 fractions showed 22.6 times (p < 0.001) stronger osteogenesis activity than in the negative control. Osteoporosis was induced by excision of both ovaries in 9-week-old female ICR mice for in vivo analysis, and two active fractions, HRH and HRHF4, were administered orally for three months. During the in vivo study, the average BMD of the ovariectomized group decreased by 0.0009 g/cm2, whereas the average BMD of the HRH intake group increased by 0.0033 g/cm2 (p < 0.05) and that of the HRHF4 intake group increased by 0.0059 g/cm2 (p < 0.01). The HRH and HRHF4 intake groups significantly recovered the mRNA and protein expression of osteogenic genes, including ALP, Osteopontin, Runx2, and Osterix, in the osteoporosis mouse tibia. HRHF4_F3_S9, which showed the highest promotion effect in osteoblast differentiation among the twelve candidate single compounds, was found to be Ursolic aldehyde with a molecular formula of C30H48O2 and a molecular weight of 440.7. To summarize all the studies, active substances, including ursolic aldehyde in the EtOH extract of the H. rhamnoides fruits, are involved in the differentiation process of osteoblasts in vivo to express osteogenic biomarkers to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Taken together, H. rhamnoides fruits will be in the spotlight as a novel nature-derived drug for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. 산자나무(Hippophae rhamnoides)의 열매는 항염증, 항산화, 항혈소판, 항균작용 등의 약용 효과가 있어 널리 사용되어 왔지만, 골다공증 예방 및 치료에 미치는 효능에 관한 연구결과가 아직 보고되지 않았다. 그래서 본 연구는 세포실험과 동물실험을 통해 산자나무 열매가 골다공증 치료제로서 사용 가능한지 여부를 확인하는 것을 연구목표로 하였다. 먼저, in vitro 연구를 통해 마우스 중간엽 줄기세포주 C3H10T1/2의 분화과정에 산자나무 열매의 에탄올 추출물(EHRF)이 나타내는 효과를, ALP 염색결과와 골형성 관련 유전자의 상대적 발현량을 바탕으로 비교하였다. 에탄올 추출물은 조골세포 분화를 유의적으로 촉진하였으며, 음성대조군보다 7.5배 (p < 0.05) 높은 효능을 나타냈다. 에탄올 추출물을 유기용매 분획하여 얻은 헥세인 분획층(HRH)은 음성대조군보다 10.4배 (p < 0.01) 높은 효능을 나타냈다. Prep HPLC 분획에 의해 HRH에서 얻은 하위 분획층 (HRHF1 ~ F4)중에서 HRHF4는 음성대조군과 비교해 22.6배(p < 0.001)로 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 9주령 암컷 ICR 마우스의 양쪽 난소를 절제한 뒤 3개월 간 골다공증을 유도하였고, 두가지 종류의 활성 분획 HRH와 HRHF4를 이후 3개월 동안 매일 경구투여하였다. 투여 기간 동안 난소를 절제한 그룹(OVX)의 평균 골밀도 수치가 0.0009 g/cm2 감소한 반면, HRH를 섭취한 그룹의 평균 골밀도 수치는 0.0033 g/cm2 (p < 0.05), HRHF4를 섭취한 그룹의 평균 골밀도는 0.0059 g/cm2 (p < 0.01) 증가했다. 활성 분획을 섭취한 두 그룹은, 동물실험 후 분리한 마우스 경골 샘플에서 골형성 관련 유전자와 단백질의 발현을 유의적으로 회복하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 산자나무 열매의 활성 분획이 조골세포 분화를 유의미하게 촉진하고 골형성 유전자의 발현을 증가시켜 골다공증 유도 마우스 모델의 골밀도를 향상시켰음을 나타낸다. Semi-prep HPLC를 통해 분리한 12개의 후보 단일 물질 중에서 조골세포 분화 촉진 효능이 가장 높게 나타난 HRHF4_F3_S9 compound는 분자식이 C30H48O2이고 분자량이 440.7인 우르솔릭 알데하이드(ursolic aldehyde)라는 물질로 나타났다. 연구 내용을 모두 종합하면, 산자나무 (H. rhamnoides) 열매의 에탄올 추출물에 있는 ursolic aldehyde를 비롯한 골형성 관련 활성물질들이 마우스 내에서 조골세포의 분화 과정에 관여하여, 골다공증을 예방하거나 치료하기 위한 골형성 바이오마커를 발현시키는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과와 추가 연구를 통해 산자나무 열매추출물이 천연에서 유래한 새로운 골다공증 치료제로 주목받을 것이라고 기대된다.

(A) study of logic implemented computation demonstrated by DNA algorithmic self-assembly

Park, Suyoun Sungkyunkwan University 2022 국내박사

Although structural DNA nanotechnology is a well-established field, computations performed using DNA algorithmic self-assembly is still in the primitive stages in terms of its adaptability of rule implementation and experimental complexity. Owing to its high information density, energy efficiency, and massive parallelism, DNA computing has undergone several advances and made significant contributions to nanotechnology. Firstly, we discuss the feasibility of constructing an M-input/N-output logic gate implemented into simple DNA building blocks. To date, no experimental demonstrations have been reported with M > 2 owing to the difficulty of tile design. To overcome this problem, we introduce a special tile referred to as an operator. We design appropriate binding domains in DNA tiles, and we demonstrate the growth of DNA algorithmic lattices generated by eight different rules from among 256 rules in a 3-input/1-output logic. The DNA lattices show simple, line-like, random and mixed patterns, which we analyze to obtain errors and sorting factors. The errors vary from 0.8% to 12.8% depending upon the pattern complexity, and sorting factors obtained from the experiment are in good agreement with simulation results within a range of 1 ~ 18%. Notably, arithmetic calculations implemented by multiple logic gates such as adders and subtractors have received much attention because of their well-established logic algorithms and feasibility of experimental implementation. Although small molecules have been used to implement these computations, a DNA tile-based calculator has been rarely addressed owing to complexity of rule design and experimental challenges for direct verification. Secondly, we construct a DNA-based calculator with three types of building blocks (propagator, connector, and solution tiles) to perform addition and subtraction operations through algorithmic self-assembly. An atomic force microscope is used to verify the solutions. Although logic implementation using DNA molecules is well established in binary systems (base value of 2) via decoration of hairpin structures on DNA duplexes, systems with base values of >2 (e.g., 3, corresponding to a ternary system) are rarely discussed owing to the complexity of the design and the experimental difficulties with DNA. Thirdly, DNA rule tiles that participate to form algorithmic DNA crystals exhibiting the ternary representation of an N (N = 1 or 2)-input and 1-output assembly are conceived. The number of possible algorithmic patterns is 3^((3^N)) in the ternary N-input and 1-output logic gate. Thus, the number of possible rules is 27 (=33) for a 1-input and 1-output algorithmic logic gate and 19638 (=39) for a 2-input and 1-output algorithmic logic gate. Ternary bit information (i.e., 0-, 1-, and 2-bit) is encoded on rule tiles without hairpins and with short and long hairpins. We construct converged, line-like, alternating, and commutative patterns by implementing six specific rules for the 1-input and 1-output gate and an ascending line-like pattern for the 2-input and 1-output gate. Specific patterns generated on ternary-representing rule-embedded algorithmic DNA crystals are visualized via atomic force microscopy, and the errors during the growth of the crystals are analyzed (average error rates obtained for all experimental data are <4%). Our method can easily be extended to a system having base values of >3. Multiple models and simulations have been proposed and performed to understand the mechanism of the various pattern formations existing in nature. However, the logical implementation of those patterns through efficient building blocks such as nano-materials and biological molecules is rarely discussed. Lastly, we adopt a cellular automata model to generate the simulation patterns and experimental patterns obtained from DNA lattices similar to the discrete horizontal brown-colour line-like patterns on the bark of the Zelkova serrata tree, known as lenticels (observation patterns). simulation patterns and experimental patterns are generated through the implementation of six representative rules in 3-input/1-output algorithmic logic gates. The experimental patterns obtained through DNA algorithmic self-assembly are visualised by atomic force microscopy. Three different modules (A, B and C) are introduced to analyse the similarities between the simulation patterns, experimental patterns and observation patterns of Zelkova serrata lenticels. Each module has unique configurations with specific orientations allowing the calculation of the deviation of the simulation patterns and the experimental patterns with respect to the observation patterns within each module. The findings show that both the simulation pattern and the experimental pattern with module B provide relatively similar Zelkova serrata lenticel-like patterns than others, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our method provides a potential platform for the construction of various types of DNA algorithmic crystals (such as flip-flops, encoders, and multiplexers) by embedding multiple logic gate operations in the DNA base sequences. In addition, DNA algorithmic assembly provides a novel perspective for the construction of various complex natural patterns. DNA 는 유전 정보를 후손에게 전달하는 매개체의 역할과, 다양한 형태의 나노 구조물을 제작하는 재료의 역할 또한 수행한다. 이러한 구조적 DNA 나노기술분야는 많은 연구를 통해 확립되어 있지만, DNA 알고리즘 자가조립을 이용하여 수행하는 계산은 규칙 구현의 적응성과 실험 복잡성의 측면에서 여전히 초기단계에 머물러 있다. DNA 컴퓨팅은 높은 정보 밀도, 에너지 효율성 및 대규모 병렬 처리로 인해 여러 가지 발전을 거쳤고 나노 기술에 상당한 기여를했다. 본 학위 논문은 DNA 알고리즘 자가조립의 특성을 이용하여 논리를 DNA 구조물에 구현하는 연구로 이루어졌다. 먼저, 간단한 DNA 구성 요소로 구현된 M-입력/N-출력 논리 게이트를 구성하였다. 타일 설계의 어려움으로 인해 M > 2 입력 논리 게이트의 실험적인 시연은 보고되지 않았고, 이를 위해 ‘연산자’ 타일을 도입하였다. DNA 타일에 적절한 결합 도메인을 설계하고, 3-입력/1 출력 로직의 256 개 규칙 중 8 개의 다른 규칙에 의해 생성된 DNA 알고리즘 격자의 성장을 보여준다. DNA 격자는 단순하고 선과 유사한 무작위 및 혼합 패턴을 보여주며, 오류와 정렬 요인을 얻기 위해 분석하였다. 복수의 논리 게이트로 구현되는 산술 계산은 논리 알고리즘이 잘 확립되어 있으며 실험 구현 가능성이 높아 많은 주목을 받았다. 이러한 계산을 구현하기 위해 작은 분자가 사용되었지만 규칙 설계의 복잡성과 직접 검증을 위한 실험과제 때문에 DNA 타일 기반 계산기는 거의 다루어 지지 않았다. 따라서 DNA 알고리즘 자가 조립을 통해 덧셈 및 뺄셈 연산을 수행하기 위해 DNA 기반 계산기를 구성하였으며 원자힘현미경(AFM)을 통해 결과를 보였다. DNA 나노 구조물의 헤어핀 구조를 이용하여 N (N = 1 또는 2)-입력/1-출력의 3 진법 알고리즘 DNA 구조물을 형성하는 DNA 규칙 타일이 구상하였다. 3 진수의 정보는 헤어핀이 없고 (0), 짧고(1), 긴(2) DNA 타일에 인코딩 된다. 1-입력/1-출력 게이트에 대한 6 가지 특정 규칙과 2-입력/1-출력 게이트에대한 선 모양의 패턴을 구현하여 융합, 선형, 교대 및 정류 패턴을 구성하였다. 패턴은 원자힘현미경을 통해 시각화 하였으며, 결정 성장 중 오차를 분석하였다. 해당 방법은 3 이상의 기본값을 갖는 시스템으로 확장될 수 있다. 자연에 존재하는 다양한 패턴 형성 메커니즘을 이해하기 위해 여러 모델과 시뮬레이션이 제안되고 수행되었다. 세포 자동화 모델을 이용하여 느티나무의 나무껍질 패턴과 유사한 DNA 격자에서 얻은 시뮬레이션 패턴과 실험 패턴을 구현하였다. 시뮬레이션 패턴과 실험 패턴은 3-입력/1-출력 알고리즘 논리게이트에서 6 가지의 대표적인 규칙을 통해 생성된다. DNA 알고리즘 자가조립을 통해 얻은 실험 패턴은 원자힘현미경으로 시각화 하였다. 각 패턴 사이의 유사성을 분석하기 위해 세 가지 모듈(A, B, C)을 도입하였으며, 각 모듈 내에 존재하는 배열의 표준편차를 이용하여 유사도를 분석하였다.